一、主句单一原则 YVMvT>/,
任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句。 8'Q+%{?1t
做题时考生需要首先判断原题中已经给出的句子结构,如果已经有一个主句,那么就绝对不 .4a|^ vT
能够再出现另一个主句,除非中间有连接词进行联系。 TgcCR:eL=
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例 1:--, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form. ^VYR}1Mw
(A) They occur where they are ;l;jTb ^l
(B) Occuring where NuO@Nr
(C) Where they occur TIp\-
(D) Where do they occur e)HFI|>
分析:空格后面是一个主句,(A)为带有从句的主句,空格后又是主句,有两个主句一定错。 s>DFAu!
C 为地点状语从句,正确(劳动歌曲发生的地方)。 X
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例 2: --Indiana, is in a rich farming and dairy area, it is primarily a diversified industrial center efyEzL
(A) Fort Wayne $D`Kz*/.
(B) Although Fort Wayne gkK(
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(C) For wayne is in ^
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(D) Fort Wayne, in :30daKo
分析:空格后有两个谓语动词但中间没有连接词,由此可知,最后一句话是一个主句,空格 I_B%F#X)
处应该有从句引导词,四个选项中只有(B)中 although能引导从句,故选(B)。 &DQ_qOKD
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二、谓语动词专一原则 =&g:dX|q8
任何一个句子只可能存在一个谓语动词。 XyB_8(/E
句子中不可能没有谓语动词,也不能多于一个谓语动词(除非中间存在连接词)。 "U9e)a0v
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例 1:William Walker's mural, “Wall of Respect,” V~Guw[RA
-----an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals with O4nA?bA
social issues. D8k >f ]
(A) covers 9|jMN
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(B) covers it )l*3^kwL{U
(C) which covers * k\;G?
(D) which it covers B|syb!g
分析:空格后的 deals with 是谓语动词,A, B 是谓语形式, 和 deals with 之间没有连接词, #Hy9 ;Q
可先排除; D 中的 it 多余,因为在定语从句中 which 已经作了主语;C 构成正确的定语从句 :EPe,v RT
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例 2:In copper engravings and etchings, -----caused DW,Z})9
by the edges of the plate is clearly visible on VaonG]Ues
the paper. <'T DOYb
(A) the impression is :MYLap&L&
(B) if the impression is 'Q*.[aJt
(C) impressions ]'<}kJtN.
(D) the impression \0*dKgN
分析:题目中的 is 是谓语,A,B 中是谓语重复。C 为复数名词,与后面的谓语动词 is 的数 U+
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不一致,故也排除。因此选择 D,caused.... 修饰 impression OZKZv,
三、平行结构 1Uah IePf
技巧:如果填空题中空格的后面有 and, 或者 and 后面有空格,那么这道题目一定是考察平 }L`Z<h*H
行结构。 Qp@}v7Due
填空题中平行结构出现的形式是: >YdLB@
A and B, fHuWBC_YO
A , B, and C ^]/V-!j
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例 1:The technique of recording, classifying, and-- ?>R(;B|ER
is known as accounting. .*?-j?U.
(A) an enterprise's transactions summary ZlMS=<hgFx
(B) the summarizing of an enterprise's zo
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transactions IUG}Q7w5
(C) transactions of an enterprise are *\0h^^|@
summarized "?_af
(D) summarizing the transactions of an eS%8WmCV9<
enterprise #/t+h#jG
分析:空格的后面是 and, 一般考平行结构,空格处缺与前面 recording、classifying 并列的 ;b|=osyT\
动名词。 X4k|k>
四个选项中只有(D)符合条件,故选(D)。 ws;|
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例 2:Louis T. Wright, a surgeon, developed =+VDb5= TV
ingenious orthopedic braces, --, and TD/ 4lL~(x
supervised the first use of Aureomycin on !Ks<%;
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human patients. Gfepm$*%
(A) treating skull fractures that he pioneered in a3[,3
(B) pioneered in treating skull fractures usU6,
(C) which pioneered in treating skull fractures iML?`%/vN
(D) he was a pioneer in the treatment of skull B?d+^sz]
fractures `@&WELFv{
分析:空格后面是 and, 空格处缺少和 developed、supervised 平行的谓语动词,因此选择(B)。 (Kw%fJT
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四、宾语从句结构 =s:Z-*vy!
宾语从句的引导词在前面的主从复合句中已经提到。 &!>.)I`
这里指出的是填空题中关于宾语从句考的最多的两个结构: state(陈述,表明)+that #,SPV&
indicate(指明,表明)+that N8*QAekN
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例 1:The quantum theory states --, such as light, dFk$rr>q
is given off and absorbed in tiny definite C jz(-018
units called quanta or photons. {T5u"U4
(A) energy that /9ZU_y4&3f
(B) that it is energy 5[`f(;
(C) it is energy dlDO?T
(D) that energy &3 x
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分析:空格前的谓语动词 states一般接关系连词 that 引导的宾语从句,故首先排除 C。空格 MVDy|i4
后已有谓语动词,空格不应再出现谓语动词,因此 D正确。 <@>l9_
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例 2:Studies of the gravity field of the Earth fy
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indicate--yield when unusual weight is N}'2GBqfU4
placed on them. 3#{Al[jq
(A) although its crust and mantle tf>"fU\P
(B) its crust and mantle to ]4,eCT
(C) that its crust and mantle ugs9>`fF&
(D) for its crust and mantle to $OaxetPH
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词 indicate 的宾语。(A)和(D)不能作宾语,可首先排除。(B) Bh65qHQO
使句子结构混乱、语义不清,因此选择(D),构成宾语从句。 =F46v{la
五、介词+ which结构 HDj260a
许多同学在选择 which还是介词+which 上总是不太明白,这里有一个技巧可以告诉大家。 CWSc #E
“which”后面一定加一个缺主语或者宾语的句子, 1P G"IaOb
因为“which”在这个句子中作了宾语或者主语成分。 2CV? cm
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“介词+ which”后面则跟一个完整的句子, 2~%^y6lR
因为”介词+which”整个结构在定语从句中作状语。 /1b7f'
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例 1:In the United States, a primary election is a2eE!I
a method ---- voters select the nominees L fZF
for public office. /])P{"v$^
(A) that x!n8Wx
(B)by which ?$VkMu$2k
(C)is that ?He
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(D)by those ==EB\>g|
分析:空格前后都是句子,因此缺从句引导词或连接词,首先排除 C和 D。 [gj>ey8T
A能够引导从句,但是根据题意,修饰 method 是不通的。 ^ U~
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B 是介词+which, 引导定语从句,(大选是一种方法,根据这个方法,选民怎么….); \85~~v@
正确 ]AX3ov6z9;
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例 2: Croquet is a popular lawn game ------ players hit wooden balls through wire arches called TQ=HFs
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wickers. U_WO<uhC
(A) when \J;_%-Z
(B) which z, n[}Q#u
(C) is when I
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(D) in which }
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分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处缺定语从句引导词,由此首先排除(A)和(C)。 <,D*m+BWn
但是到底是选择 B 还是D,则看从句,从句是完整的句子,那么一定选择 D, 关系代词 which ^!gq_x
前应该有介词。 1x%B`d
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六、in that结构 l z-I[*bA
在表示“原因”概念的引导词中, o=Y'ns^a(
because of +名词, n]i#&[*A(
consequently是副词 !s:e
而“in that”是原因状语的引导词。 ;; ;=)'o
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例 1:Mercury differs from other industrial metals g/VV2^,
---- it is a liquid. `evF?t11X
(A) whereas [bRE=Zr$Ry
(B) in that @0d"^
(C) because of 5{bc&?"
(D) consequently 9zY6hh**
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处显然缺从句引导词。C、D不能引导从句,可以首 *"OUwEl a
先排除。 >F s/Wet
根据题意,两个句子之间是因果关系而不是对比关系,故选(B)。in that 为复合连词,用来 xF
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引导原因状语从句。
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例 2:Hovercraft, or air-cushion vehicles, are unusual _54gqD2C,
-- travel over land and water on a layer of air. EC
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(A)they _^NyLI%
(B)in they cvG*p||
(C)that they M X8|;t
(D)in that they *@H\J e`
分析:空格处缺从句引导词和从句主语。A 和 B 缺从句引导词,首先被排除。C 一般作宾 :mW<
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语从句或定语从句,而句中需要的是状语从句,故也排除。D中 in that为连词,引导表原因 /;Hr{f jl{
的状语从句,符合题意(气垫船之所以不同,是因为……),故选 D。 mEsb_3?#+
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这里我们再重申一下,如果选项中出现“介词+which”或者“in that”,那么首先考虑这个选项, @XX
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如果后面使用的是完整的句子结构,那么这个选项就一定是答案。这种题目平时出现的不多, 40pz <-B
但是要考的话一定就是重点。 ;81,1
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例 3:Emily Dickinson's garden was a place ------ ,w3-*z
great inspiration for her poems. ir/uHN@
(A) that she drew (B) by drawing her mfN'+`r
(C) from which she drew brs`R#e \
(D) drawn from which -1RMyVx
分析:首先看选项 C, “介词+which”, 而后面是 she drew great inspiration for her poems.是一个 YrB-n
完整句子,那么选项 C就是答案。 V5z2.} 'o-
七、what结构 #Pp:H/b
what 结构在95.8 以后的新题中考的非常多,记住一点: ; B
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what=the thing that }`g-eF>p
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例 1:The chief foods eaten in any country depend jr? /wtw
largely on ----- best in its climate and soil. 9`*Eeb>
(A) it grows lz~^*\ F
(B) what grows "(7y%TFt:
(C) does it grow gTXpaB<
(D) what does it grow 6]Hwr_/tk
分析:空格前有 depend on 这个短语,四个选项都是句子,故可判断出空格处为宾语从句。 K F_fz
A和 C 没有从句引导词,故排除,(D)的语序有问题,从句不能用特殊疑问句的倒装形式, /*T^7Y&
故(B)正确。 YWl#!"-
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例 2:During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle :J]'c}
was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory b>OB}Is
became----is now Indiana and Ohio. mi7?t/D1Z
(A) there 5MaN
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(B) where ~p?ArZb
(C) that eTvWkpK+
(D) what '7sf)0\:<p
分析:空格处缺的词既要引导从句又要作从句主语。四个选项中只有 D符合条件。 mG&A_/e!9
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八、同位语结构 E=ijt3
同位语考试形式一:名词作主语,主语同位语 FT-.gi0
___, __ _, ___ (注意是两个逗号) z/1$G"
例 1:The tongue , -----, is an important aid in chewing w5HIR/kP
and swallowing . UJI2L-;Ul
(A) is the chief organ of taste SWV*w[X<X
(B) tasting the organ chiefly wS*r<zj
(C) the chief organ of taste =#V^t$
(D) the organ chiefly tastes .P)lQk\
分析:空格处显然缺定语或同位语。句中已有谓语动词 is, 故先排除 A和 D。(B)不合题意, iQgg[
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故也可排除。(C)是名词短语,适合作主语的同位语,使句子完整,句意正确,故选(C)。 eUA]OF@
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同位语考试形式二:名词作主语,后面的名词是主语同位语,解释说明后面的名词
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___, ___ (注意是一个逗号) 8Agg%*Qs}
例 2:A prolific writer of prose and verse, ----of lI=<lmM0|/
Native Americans in her novel, Century of 5[
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Dishonor. {JgY-#R?{(
(A) Helen Hunt Jackson took up the cause
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(B) the cause taken up by Helen Hunt Jackson 5g7@Dj,.
(C) was Helen Hunt Jackson's cause W "'6M=*
(D) the cause that Helen Hunt Jackson took up. AEyvljv
分析:空格前为名词短语,空格后为介词短语,空格处明显缺主语和谓语动词。根据空格前 UY<