考博英语翻译汉译英题目中由于文化上的差异,有时直译原文就会使读者感到费解,甚至误解。这时,就有必要借用汉语中意义相同或相近、且具有自己鲜明文化色彩的表达法对原文加以归化。归化翻译法常用于处理某些英语成语、典故、形象词语等一类文化色彩较浓的表达方式。恰倒好处地归化可以使译文地道简洁、生动活泼,便于读者理解和接受。下面freekaobo给大家展示一些用到归化法的例子,希望考博生们活学活用。 spl*[ d
I[4E?
as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠 8vT:icl
(在西方文化中,兔子是胆小的象征,而在我国,兔子却象征着机警敏捷。人们常说:“静若处子,动若脱兔。”鼠在我国才是胆小的象征,所以翻译时直接加以归化。) >|iy= Zn%'
at a stone's throw一箭之遥 xS(sR x+A
wet like a drown rat 湿如落汤鸡 ^M80 F 7
as stupid as a goose 蠢得像猪 `Ch6"=t
as stubborn as a mule 犟得像牛 lp
9<j1Wl
seek a hare in a hen's nest 缘木求鱼 \O0fo^+U,,
as dumb as an oyster 守口如瓶 I}q-J~s
lead a dog's life 过着牛马一样的生活 m_Rgv.gE^
cry up wine and sell vinegar 挂羊头,卖狗肉 .Yf
h*
put back the clock 开倒车 gRFC n6Q
talk horse 吹牛 !;xE7w
kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 杀鸡取卵 <N*>9S,}
drink like a fish 牛饮 2tbqmWw/s
(1) Once the wife of a parson, always the wife of a parson. bo*q{@Ue
嫁鸡随鸡,嫁狗随狗。 lvN{R{7>
(2)One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy. ryT8*}o
一个和尚挑水吃,两个和尚抬水吃,三个和尚没水吃。 q-RGplx
(3) I was limp as a dish rag. My back felt as through it had been beaten with wires. PWmz7*/
我软得像一团棉花,脊背疼痛得好像被钢丝抽打过一样。 Cn55%:
(原文中limp as a dish rag,如直译为“像洗碟布一样柔软”,既不地道,又让人产生一种较恶心的感觉,不如用汉语中常说的“软得像一团棉花”加以归化。) m3WV<Cbz
(4) Everybody said how well the new Secretary was doing, but old Mr. Carr said shortly,“Yes. New brooms sweep clean.” BmM,vllO
人人都说新任秘书干得好,但卡尔老先生却简慢地说:“新官上任三把火。” |")x1'M
(原文new brooms sweep clean的字面意思是“新扫把扫得干净”,比喻“新任职的人干得好”,和汉语中的“新官上任三把火”异曲同工,貌离神合。) j"V$J8)[
(5) Among the blind the one-eyed man is King. <oO,
CXF
山中无老虎,猴子称霸王。 C1/jA>XW
(6) Last night I heard him driving his pig to market. Y;w]u_
昨夜我听到他鼾声如雷。 \1!k)PZdTW
(7) Who would have thought of Mr.Mottram doing so well? And so many of his friends,too, that used to stay here? We were entertaining angels unawares. .$k"+E
谁知道摩特兰先生干得那么出色?还有他那许多朋友,原来都住在这儿的,谁知道呀?我们真是有眼无珠。 zfZDtKq
(8) It was, as Bill afterwards expressed it, “during a moment of temporary mental apparition”, but we didn't find that out till later. e?YbG.(E9
恰如后来比尔说的那样,那阵子简直是“一时鬼迷心窍”.不过,我们直到后来才明白了这个意思。 j[fQs,efK
(apparition在原文中是鬼魂或幽灵出现的意思。mental apparition直译是“心中有鬼”,这就很容易给人造成误解,因此需要多少将原形象适当地转换一下。) e!yw"Cf*
(9) They will be ice-skating in hell the day, when I vote the aid for them. |z'?3
?,~
要我投票赞成给他们援助,除非太阳从西边出来。 _E;Y
~I,i
(ice-skating in hell如译成“在地狱里滑冰”就很难为中国读者所理解和接受。) /ZDc=>)~
(10)。 “Until her husband won the pools, she was the most commonplace, dowdy, illiterate creature imaginable,but now that she dresses herself up like a society queen and nearly always remembers to sound her aitches, people are already beginning to forget what she was like before. /4?`F}7)
”Fine feathers make fine birds.“ mc'p-orAf
”过去没有比她更平平常常、无知无识而又邋邋遢遢的了,自从她男人赢得全部赌注以后,她打扮得象个社交皇后,总是记住发H的音,人们开始忘记她以前是什么样子了。“ `/zt&=`VB
”人靠衣裳马靠鞍嘛。“ bw\=F_>L
(11) I'd much rather see her once or twice and not do anything about it——what could I do about it anyway? She's a bit out of my class, don't you think? If I did try to do anything, I'd only get sent off with a flea in my ear. s]c$]&IGG
我宁愿见她一两面就算了──我还能干什么呢?你没看到她和我不怎么相称吗?我要干点什么,也只会碰一鼻子灰。 q?L(V+X
(原文a flea in one's ear的字面意思是”耳朵上有个跳蚤“,用来比喻”讥讽的话,刺耳的话“.send sb. off with a flea in one's ear意思是”用讥讽的话气走某人“,与汉语”碰一鼻子灰“意思相近,但如译为”用讥讽话气走某人“,则过于平淡,远不如”碰一鼻子灰“生动、俏皮。) uE j6A
(12) He was so fond of talking that his comrades nicknamed him ”magpie“. b0X[x{k"
他如此唠叨,同伴们给他起了个 ”麻雀“的外号。 YZl%JX
(英语中 ”喜鹊“ 喻义 ”唠叨、饶舌“,但在汉语中 ”喜鹊“ 却象征着 ”喜事、吉祥“,而 ”麻雀“ 表示 ”唠叨、饶舌“,所以用归化法。) 6W=:`14
(13) There's a people's court waiting for him. His God-damned head is going to be separated from his God-damned neck. ?6d4T
人民法庭正等着他。狗头就要和狗脖子分家呢。 u`@f~QP0
(原文God-damned意为”该死的“,但如译成”该死的头“、”该死的脖子“远不如”狗头“、”狗脖子“痛快。) ?vFh)U
(14) I'm a diplomat, a linguist, altogether a bespectacled cream puff. 'I]"=O,
我是个外交官,一个语言学家,总而言之,是个戴眼镜的银样邋枪头。 wF8\
(原文cream puff的字面意思是”奶油松饼“,比喻”中看不中用的人“,和汉语中的”银样邋枪头“意思相近。但如直译成”奶油松饼“,则不易为汉语读者所接受。归化后,既能保存原意,又能为汉语读者所接受。) qD*\}b]9I
^gzNP#A<'o
采用归化时,要避免走极端,不要用汉语民族文化色彩太浓的词(如:历史人物、地理名词等)来归化英语习语,否则译文会让人感觉不伦不类。 AnY)T8w
(1) Beauty lies in lover's eyes. |"qB2.[
情人眼里出美人。 (Fzh1#
(此处就不宜归化为具有浓厚汉语文化色彩的 ”情人眼里出西施“.译者怎能把中国古代美女西施搬到西方作品中去呢?) Xp6*Y1Y
(2) Many heads are better than one. oh~
vo!
一人不及众人计。 \!Zh= "hN
(此处就不宜归化为具有浓厚汉语文化色彩的 ”三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮“.如把历史人物诸葛亮搬到西方作品中去,总让人感到不伦不类的。) "GI&S% F
(3) Never offer to teach fish to swim. `?^w
不要教鱼儿游泳。 jHlOP,kc
(此处也不宜归化为具有浓厚汉语文化色彩的 ”不要班门弄斧“、 ”不要关公面前耍大刀“.) j9ta0~x1*6