目录: *+i1m`6Q
第01章 名词性从句 @%^JB
第02章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解 ?5IF;vk
第03章 高中英语语法中的省略现象 sQ}E4Iq1#S
第04章 主谓一致 2FVO@D
第05章 动词不定式 3>'TYXs-
第06章 倒装结构 GXnrVI
第07章 定语从句 3|0wD:Dy
第08章 被动语态 $eq*@5B
第09章 祈使句 u]z87#4
第10章 感叹句 E]P7u"1
第11章 疑问句 +^ cjdH*
第12章 名词 ?onEqH>
第一章 名词性从句 <r1/& RW,
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在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 1xD?cA\vu
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一. 主语从句 @$|8zP
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主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 S8,e`F
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1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 v8y !zo'
It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如: [9;[g~;E%m
a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see thefilm. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 B;^1W{%
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b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 -y'tz,En.
c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型) $Xr4=9(|7
d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型) Y_FQB K U
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2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 GD1L6kVd1
(1) It is + 名词 + 从句 (5l
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It is a fact that … 事实是… O&
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It is an honor that …非常荣幸 8xt8kf*k
It is common knowledge that …是常识 d-jZ 5nl(
(2) It is + 形容词 + 从句 HBm(l@#.
It is natural that… 很自然… X2mZ~RB(p
It is strange that… 奇怪的是… 6t{G{ ]
(3) It is + 不及物动词 + 从句 5Y>fVq{U?;
It seems that… 似乎… _LFABG=
It happened that… 碰巧… &],O\TAul
It appears that… 似乎… pQoZDD@B$
(4) It + 过去分词 + 从句 K_fJ{Vc>O
It is reported that… 据报道… w>4( hGO
It has been proved that… 已证实… gNC'kCx0c
It is said that… 据说… m A('MS2
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3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况: ddY-F
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(1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 d*$x|B|V
(2)It is said/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: ,xutI
正确表达:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school nextweek. +I@2,T(eG
错误表达:That President Jiang will visit our school next week issaid. & j*Ylj}
(3)Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: @9lGU#
正确表达:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. _TyQC1 d
错误表达:That he failed in the examination occurred to him. AD>/#Ul
(4)It doesn’t matterhow/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: Yc5<Y-W
正确表达:It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 4'.]-u
错误表达:Whether he iswrong or not doesn’t matter. ~ujg250.L
(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如: fVYv 2
正确表达:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? ppu<k N
错误表达:Is that will rain in the evening likely? t&-c?&FO\;
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4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 &{8[I3#@
what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如: ltHuN;C\
a) What you said yesterday is right. ;1k_J~Qei
b) That she is still alive is a consolation _he~Y2zFz
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二.宾语从句 <JZa
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。 #Z]<E6<=9
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1. 作动词的宾语 tAb3ejCo?
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如: U}{\qs-z t
I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 R~bLEo
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如: B,Jn.YX
a) She did not know what hadhappened. 她不知道发生了什么。 *}LQZFrnX
b) I wonder whether you canchange this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。 b{W ,wn
(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如: ^Cg@'R9
She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。 5JZZvc$au
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2. 作介词的宾语,例如: Q?%v b
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。 87nsWBe
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3. 作形容词的宾语,例如: &J=x[{R
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。 B^1 Io9
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注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious,aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised,worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt,satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。 1 z[blNs&
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4. it 可以作为形式宾语 i4
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it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如: $Vm J[EF1
We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。 W/;qMP1"-
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5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 B?_ujH80m
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn,celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如: nzu
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正确表达:I admire theirwinning the match. Q_a%$a.rV
错误表达:I admire thatthey won the match. z~a]dMs"(P
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6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 gClD
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有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有envy, order,accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如: |zL .PS
正确表达:He impressedthe manager as an honest man. KBGJB`D*
错误表达:He impressedthe manager that he was an honest man. k)USLA
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7. 否定的转移 DSHpM/7
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy,guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如: ]#
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I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 H\!u5
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三. 表语从句 k
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表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look,remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason isthat… 和It is because 等结构。例如: >Y< y]vM:
1) The question is whether we can makegood preparation in such a short time. z95V 7E
2) This is why we can’t get the support ofthe people. y]\R0lR
3) But the fact remains that we are behindthe other classes. wGQ{
4) The reason he is late for school isthat he missed the early bus. XT_BiZ%l5O
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四. 同位语从句 F]?$Q'U
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 +CNRSq"
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1. 同位语从句的功能 ddHIP`wb
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如: T[q-$8U
1)The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all thepeople. qc'tK6=jp
2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. <CmsnX
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2. 同位语在句子中的位置 _@prv7e
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如: mQs'2Y6Oa
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. HIa$0g0J
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3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 Z%OS W
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。 wD
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(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如: ia_8$>xW+
1) The news that he told me is that Tomwould go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语) VDmd+bvJV
2)The news that Tom would go abroad istold by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分) eu:_V+
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高一英语名词性从句专项练习 J;kbY9e
1.____he does has nothingto do with me. O46/[{p+8
A. whatever B. No matterwhat C. That D. If 4QVd{
2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____ -)I _+N
A. did the quarrel came about B.the quarrel had come about t3XMQ']
C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about nz',Zm},
3. Energy is ____makes thing work.. M#>GU<4"
A. what B. something C. anything D. that W
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4. Information has been put forward____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. UiEB?X]-l'
A. while B. that C. when D. as 7A|jnm
5. This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed. t;1NzI$^
A. there B. in which C. where D. when ,'673PR
6. They have no idea at all____. )-{Qa\6(%
A. where he has gone B.where did he go L' pZ
C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone ?f`-&c;
7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die ofthe disease. v8IL[g6"
A. that B. which C. of which D. ofthat 5xHiq&d.E
8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning. O?WaMfS[1
A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave V"ZbKV+[
C. /; must leave D. when; should leave %E\%nTV
9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match. h,+=h;!
A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether <X
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10. The question came up at themeeting_____ we had enough money for our research. [s2V-'2
A. that B. which C. whether D. if 9-^p23.@[j
11. Is _____he said really true? QA(,K}z~^S
A. that B. what C. why D. whether 1#<E]<='t
12.____the meeting should last two days orthree days doesn’t matter. hI8C XG
A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where #U}U>4'
13. It worried her a bit _____her hair wasturning gray. ?Q3~n ^
A. while B. if C. that D. for $rEd5W&d!
14. ???_____more countries can use naturalenergy in the future remains to be seen. eLny-.i,7
A. Whether B. This C. who D. If z)>{O3
15.____he will go to work in a mountainvillage surprises all of us. e;5Lv9?C8
A. What B. That C. Whether D. If b2e a0
16. ____you don’t like him is none of mybusiness.
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A. What B. That C. Who D. How lKUm_; m
17.____all the inventions have in commonis ____they have succeeded. )<F\IM
A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what
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18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed thefood very much. n;-r
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A. What B. It C. All that D. That +[
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19. It is widely ______that smoking cancause cancer. >}{-!
A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped *v ^"4
20. ____caused the accident is still acomplete mystery. %i>
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A. What B. That C. How D. Where xPup?oP >
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Keys: Q'%o;z*
1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA u^zitW!X$