目录: nv0D4 t
第01章 名词性从句 tMd
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第02章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解 3W ]zLUn
第03章 高中英语语法中的省略现象 k2loGvBJ
第04章 主谓一致 ~:,}?9
第05章 动词不定式 k"7ZA>5jk
第06章 倒装结构 ((AK7hb
第07章 定语从句 D;2V|CkU
第08章 被动语态 )Dms9:
第09章 祈使句 8S#&XS>o
第10章 感叹句 >mCH!ey
第11章 疑问句 ('%Y3z;
第12章 名词 VWd`06'BN'
第一章 名词性从句 {B#w9>
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在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 |$\1E+
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一. 主语从句 rkh%[o9"/
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 kwww5p ["
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1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 1DU
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It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如: $\k)Y(&
a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see thefilm. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 a_\7Ho$^
b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 eC 2~&:$L
c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型)
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d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型) 7On.y*
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2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 b{<$OVc
(1) It is + 名词 + 从句 <)_#6)z:
It is a fact that … 事实是… 7N5M=f.DS(
It is an honor that …非常荣幸 ^G5 fs'd
It is common knowledge that …是常识 T1?9E{bC8A
(2) It is + 形容词 + 从句 qv2J0'd'.
It is natural that… 很自然… V%t_,AT
It is strange that… 奇怪的是… *Br
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(3) It is + 不及物动词 + 从句 1o_Zw.
It seems that… 似乎… -J'ked
It happened that… 碰巧… :: GW
It appears that… 似乎… N!tNRMTi
(4) It + 过去分词 + 从句 )Fqtb;W
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It is reported that… 据报道… 8{%&P%vf
It has been proved that… 已证实… 5ff5M=M
It is said that… 据说… )\W}&9 >
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3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况: m<;MOS
(1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 E=bZ4 /
(2)It is said/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: sUkn.g!
正确表达:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school nextweek. 'Vhnio;qC
错误表达:That President Jiang will visit our school next week issaid. >*|Eyv_
(3)Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: A-^B?E
正确表达:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. p lzwk>b_
错误表达:That he failed in the examination occurred to him. ,d
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(4)It doesn’t matterhow/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: Sl
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正确表达:It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. qr*e9Uk^
错误表达:Whether he iswrong or not doesn’t matter. >RiU/L
(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如: [H2su|rBI`
正确表达:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? ~(cqFf
错误表达:Is that will rain in the evening likely? bvJ*REPL?
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4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 Wx8cK=
what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如: `y1,VY
a) What you said yesterday is right. Wl,I %<&j}
b) That she is still alive is a consolation fKs3H?|
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二.宾语从句 6x@]b>W
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。 O-+!KXHd[
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1. 作动词的宾语 +C4NhA2
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如: *MN("<A_
I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 =?hbi]
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如: uF T5Z
a) She did not know what hadhappened. 她不知道发生了什么。 tQ2S*]"f
b) I wonder whether you canchange this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。 DEenvS`,P
(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如: ;:Y/"5h
She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。 x=Ez hq]X
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2. 作介词的宾语,例如: 2-wgbC5
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。 z|N*Gs>,
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3. 作形容词的宾语,例如: X*M-- *0q'
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。 I#CS;Yh95
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注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious,aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised,worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt,satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。 )B
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4. it 可以作为形式宾语 |Fzt|
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it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如: 1++ Fs
We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。 JU-eoB}m
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5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 ?*U:=|
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn,celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如: +D#.u^
正确表达:I admire theirwinning the match. 7, :l\t
错误表达:I admire thatthey won the match. fH;lh-
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6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 \1#!%I=.
有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有envy, order,accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如: *(Us:*$W.
正确表达:He impressedthe manager as an honest man. ny+_&l^R~(
错误表达:He impressedthe manager that he was an honest man. v!rOT/I
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7. 否定的转移 4 !M6RL8{
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy,guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如: A-qpuI;f
I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 K|{&SU_m
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三. 表语从句 bn"z&g
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look,remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason isthat… 和It is because 等结构。例如: *",
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1) The question is whether we can makegood preparation in such a short time. )]m_ L$9
2) This is why we can’t get the support ofthe people. #.~lt8F
3) But the fact remains that we are behindthe other classes. k.w}}78N2N
4) The reason he is late for school isthat he missed the early bus. eqWb>$
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四. 同位语从句 I}7=\S/@
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 u&ozc
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1. 同位语从句的功能 {_*$X
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如: v@E/?\k"
1)The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all thepeople. s$;IR
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2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. h2Jdcr#@FF
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2. 同位语在句子中的位置 KdTna6nY
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如: "t)|N
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He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 2T#>66^@q
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3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 zE<G wVI~
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。 4 jeUYkJUM
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如: Dhe ]f#d
1) The news that he told me is that Tomwould go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语) {^n\
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2)The news that Tom would go abroad istold by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分) 9d!}]+"d42
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高一英语名词性从句专项练习 J]|
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1.____he does has nothingto do with me.
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A. whatever B. No matterwhat C. That D. If r?= 7#/]
2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____ ;Q =EI%_tv
A. did the quarrel came about B.the quarrel had come about k99ANW
C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about _(8HK
3. Energy is ____makes thing work.. }3Y3f).ZW
A. what B. something C. anything D. that ep<2u
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4. Information has been put forward____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. 6A& f
A. while B. that C. when D. as vK\;CSk
5. This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed. ,JcQp=g
A. there B. in which C. where D. when hFjXgpz5
6. They have no idea at all____. t*)-p:29h
A. where he has gone B.where did he go 7^~pOFdH
C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone tU%-t
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7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die ofthe disease. .#;;pu7W
A. that B. which C. of which D. ofthat 9J?G"JV?
8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning. F=hf
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A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave -hP@L ++D
C. /; must leave D. when; should leave imtW[ y+4
9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match. T@]vjXd![
A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether /y,~?
10. The question came up at themeeting_____ we had enough money for our research. wo[W1?|s
A. that B. which C. whether D. if F~ n}Ep~1
11. Is _____he said really true? 0=8.8LnN(
A. that B. what C. why D. whether 3X{=*wvt
12.____the meeting should last two days orthree days doesn’t matter. [PrR30:
A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where |Js96>B:
13. It worried her a bit _____her hair wasturning gray. @Ey(0BxNu
A. while B. if C. that D. for y= ILA
14. ???_____more countries can use naturalenergy in the future remains to be seen.
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A. Whether B. This C. who D. If #TUsi,jG
15.____he will go to work in a mountainvillage surprises all of us. UJ)\E
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A. What B. That C. Whether D. If Z$,1Tk"O/s
16. ____you don’t like him is none of mybusiness. "$#x+|PyC
A. What B. That C. Who D. How oj<.axA,
17.____all the inventions have in commonis ____they have succeeded. 8*)zoT*A
A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what 5jg^
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18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed thefood very much. $xS `i-|
A. What B. It C. All that D. That xGqe )M>8?
19. It is widely ______that smoking cancause cancer. D|Z,eench
A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped jjz<V(Sk
20. ____caused the accident is still acomplete mystery. tGD$c
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A. What B. That C. How D. Where 0sq/_S
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Keys: A
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1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA m5zP|s1`['