2015吉林大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练 Bd N{[2
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the
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United States by applying new social research findings on the b.w(x*a
experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration Up1$xLSl
becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of os"[Iji
preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate : .FfE
propositions. 8CN7+V
The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England +Y.uZJ6+
moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World p;c_<>ws-Y
was simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the colonies w|hyU4- ^
held little positive attraction for the English — they would rather
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have stayed home — by the eighteenth century people increasingly
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migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of / ut~jf`
opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that 5{!a+
used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a f)ucC$1=
typical New World community. For example, the economic and l/y
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demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably. 9$4/frd
Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns TGt1d
prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as aQym=
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indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, tc49Ty9$[
Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the X T)hPwg.
driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial }77=<N br
entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who kVG6\<c]
came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled 8n. "5,P
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laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers ,P; a/{U
demanded skilled artisans. {pQ@0b
Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized ^&Rxui
hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct +(h6{e%)
to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. 2*7s9g
But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, ]cGz~TN~
as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is ym,Ot1
true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never n[cyK$"
matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, _.
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where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished
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university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New [Yahxw}
England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions lWyP[>*
developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North w]5f3CIm
American culture. p TV@nP
Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands glKs8
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of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he {'K;aJ'\
fails to link their experience with the political development of the )hZ}$P1
United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might 5z(>4 d!
make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as B+q+)O+
slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American d`q)^
employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time XX5(/#
they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their \$\(9!=
personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that ZD] '$
a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who !L.z4n,n+
ht
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were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic. #O974f8
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iu jiu qi ba QQ: si jiu san san qi yi liu er liu ) O/r<VTOp
1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial North Y;5^w=V
America is supported by information in the text? +?m=f}>W1
[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came \iLd6Qo_aq
as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring GC#95
land. AJ1$$c
[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were /s0VyUV=
more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans. z^GGJu%vjr
[C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at jnLu| W&
acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during =
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the seventeenth century. McI4oD~"
[D] By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in -a^sX%|Bl
more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers. XV9'[V
2. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to CvSG!l.6f<
[A] give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political gR6T]v
interdependence of the colonies and England. J0) WRn"h
[B] describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic W p
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backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States.
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[C] take advantage of social research on the experiences of J3JRWy@?P
colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to jQlK-U=oi
acquire land. {7s zo`U2
[D] relate the experience of the migrants to the political values s OHAW*+
that eventually shaped the character of the United States. /PuWJPy;
3. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s ^[NmNi*
evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition? J_Xf:Mz-
[A] It is totally implausible. o
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[B] It is partially acceptable. qO'5*d;!d
[C] It is highly admirable. o)
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[D] It is controversial though persuasive. <iqyDPj
4. According to the text, Bailyn and the author agree on which juZ3""
of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England? `d;izQ1_=
[A] High culture in New England never equaled the high culture EqU[mqeF
of England .F|WQ7Mu
[B] The cultural achievements of colonial New England have lLf01sa4
generally been unrecognized by historians. C&"
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[C] The colonists imitated the high culture of England, and did t$5]1dY$X
not develop a culture that was uniquely their own. Z'kYf
[D] The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high iR =aYT~
culture of New England. /T(~T
5. The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which xfSvvCy
of the following statements about Bailyn’s work? ar}759
[A] Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North >k-poBw
American culture. A|-\C$
[B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies 7FFYSv,[:
on Great Britain. aE$p;I
[C] Bailyn’s description of the colonies as part of an 5ZxBmQ
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Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect. 03;(v%
[D] Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group =w>QG{-N
of migrants to colonial North America. \2b9A'd>
答案:DDBAA