2015吉林大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练

2015吉林大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练 J.M.L$  
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the 't>r sp+#  
United States by applying new social research findings on the Na!za'qk[o  
experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration XKLF8~y8A  
becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of W7G9Kx1Y  
preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate P0\eBS  
propositions. RSWcaATZN  
The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England 4u:0n>nJ1  
moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World I 8Y*@$h  
was simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the colonies /BHepD }  
held little positive attraction for the English — they would rather Z}cIA87U  
have stayed home — by the eighteenth century people increasingly L]zNf71RD  
migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of rpU/s@%L  
opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that 6 nGY^  
used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a B/YcSEY;  
typical New World community. For example, the economic and lpEDPvD_Vm  
demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably. _Dq Qfc%  
Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns \5[-Ml  
prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as r<FQX3  
indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, cCng5Nq,c  
Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the $j`<SxJ>  
driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial :Ee?K  
entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who .98.G4J>  
came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled iK x+6v  
dM|g`rr E  
laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers _bQL[eXd  
demanded skilled artisans. /VtlG+dLl  
Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized $HRed|*.C  
hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct ?Y!U*& 7  
to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. }1rvM4{/+f  
But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, [#X|+M&u6  
as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is P dM*5g4  
true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never B "n`|; r5  
matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, 8m7eaZ  
where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished zv9MHC &  
university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New f=oeF]=I"  
England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions yam}x*O\xn  
developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North UG=I~{L  
American culture. FAd``9kRT  
Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands V#H8d_V  
of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he O" QHb|j  
fails to link their experience with the political development of the 9mm2Vps;  
United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might X4 Y
 
make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as zg7G^!PU  
slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American AI R{s7N  
employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time uA
^hCh-js  
they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their 0k.v0a7%  
personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that )DRkS,I  
a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who \AHY[WKx  
q'2`0MRa  
were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic. yYBNH1  
（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-l rx}*u3x=  
iu jiu qi ba QQ: si jiu san san qi yi liu er liu ） T(&kXMaB  
1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial North CX.SYr&!R  
America is supported by information in the text? "kU>~~y,  
[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came lJlZHO  
as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring |""=)-5N  
land. 3)xbnR
k  
[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were Z/n3aYM  
more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans. )ib7K1GJ  
[C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at `i9N)3 X  
acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during 7}A5u,.,ht  
the seventeenth century. \a?K?v|8  
[D] By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in PqVW'FYe  
more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers. D{Oq\*  
2. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to 8H7O/n  
[A] give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political ZWFG?8lJ  
interdependence of the colonies and England. ^DzL$BX  
[B] describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic )) p$v
U3  
backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States. gA{'Q\  
[C] take advantage of social research on the experiences of & &6*ez  
colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to F. }l(KuJ  
acquire land. FOc|*>aKP  
[D] relate the experience of the migrants to the political values TNJ<!6  
that eventually shaped the character of the United States. qw5&Y$((  
3. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s tp%|AD"  
evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition? I 88Zrhw  
[A] It is totally implausible. El'yiJ  
[B] It is partially acceptable. xrfPZBLy  
[C] It is highly admirable. |O57N'/  
[D] It is controversial though persuasive. <b6s&"%=  
4. According to the text, Bailyn and the author agree on which J`YnT  
of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England? ,GP!fs
K  
[A] High culture in New England never equaled the high culture m dC`W&r  
of England Y 5Qb4Sa  
[B] The cultural achievements of colonial New England have {a]pF.^kf  
generally been unrecognized by historians. 'G<}U343=8  
[C] The colonists imitated the high culture of England, and did L^3~gM"!  
not develop a culture that was uniquely their own. ]}p2Tp;1  
[D] The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high %I_&Ehu  
culture of New England. ~l(G6/R  
5. The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which mr@_%U  
of the following statements about Bailyn’s work? I0I_vu  
[A] Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North Ok*VQKyDLH  
American culture. c=jcvDQ6W  
[B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies y=-{Q  
on Great Britain. fB_4f{E  
[C] Bailyn’s description of the colonies as part of an 4Sg<r,G  
#:]vUQ  
Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect. _2]e1_=  
[D] Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group 2~#ZO?jE6  
of migrants to colonial North America. 8o!  
答案：DDBAA