一、比喻(the figures of speech) R{hf9R ,
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比喻是语言艺术的升华。英语中常见的比喻方法有三种:明喻、隐喻和借喻。 ro~+j}*
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1.明喻(the simile) 5jcte<
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格式:本体 + 显著比喻词(like/as/as if---) + 喻体 (8a#\Y[b
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常用介词like 、连词as,as if,as---so、动词seem等以及句型A---to B as C---to D等等表示“好像”意思的比喻说法就叫明喻。 oMH.u^b]fT
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例如: kLSrj\6I[
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(1)Teacher, you are like the sun, but more magnificent, and more brillant. 老师,您像太阳,又比太阳更灿烂更辉煌。freekaobo.com {tP%epQ
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(2)Your soul is as pure as snow, your personality is as noble as pine trees! All praise to you, our beloved teacher. 您的心灵像雪一样纯净,您的人格像青松一般高洁!赞美您,敬爱的老师。 g{k1&|
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英语中除上述的用介词、连词或句型等的明喻表达方式外,还有许多常用的明喻习语。例如:
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(1)as clear as crystal清如水晶 `6=-WEo
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(2)as weak as water软弱无力 /7c~nBU
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这类利用类似汉语的押韵和叠声增加语言的美感。与此同时,又可以使语言短小精悍,表达生动、形象。 >`RRP}u=u
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2.隐喻(the metaphor) q<vf,D@{ !
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格是:本体 + is/are + 喻体 zt24qTKL
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(1)Time is a river, of which memory is the water. Oh my friend, what I scoop up from the river is all yearning of you. 时间是河、记忆如水,朋友,我从河里捧起来的都是对你的思念。 E\7
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(2)Time is money. 时间就是金钱。 =HDI \LD<
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注意:英语中存在着许多数词习语和俚语,用作隐喻(也有个别用作明喻)。例如 : , :n|
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(1)You are one in a million.你真是人见人爱。 zSTR^sgJ
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(2)He has one over the eight.他酩酊大醉。 >B -q@D
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(3)This film star is a nine days' wonder; I doubt whether anyone will remember her in a year's time.这位电影明星现在红极一时(也指昙花一现),但我认为一年以后人们不见得还记得她。 od<b!4k~s
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注意:英语中还有许多隐喻成语。例如: P@}P k
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(1)to teach fish to swim 班门弄斧 .Ce8L&