过去完成时
X} <p|P+ a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
X pS].P9 b. 状语从句
7S'3U}Y>VX 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
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A? When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
b9FfDDOq" c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
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y We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
=GGt:3Kx- CI%4!K;{ 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
gN./ u He said that he had learned some English before.
/8](M5X]f By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
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gl R Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
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kgU5 R d#V,[d 典型例题
ur*@TIvD the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
b 3$aPwv A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
kta`[%KmIZ 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
F^knlv' 前一句应用过去进行时。
!w+A3Z>V ^ #
:F8D 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
pz L !42 had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
_DlkTi 5(w He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
!+Ia#( 用于现在完成时的句型
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9t ` 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
?$:;hGO.<~ It is the first time that I have visited the city.
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J}j It was the third time that the boy had been late.
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9\r 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
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This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
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- 这是我看过的最好的电影。
G|WO This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
@I`X{oAA q ' 6gj 典型例题
oN0p$/La (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
Y ;JP r ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
b7X-mkF A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
B5- G.Z 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
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'_I\ <4caG2~q (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
%TO= ]>q ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
q?J d.r5* A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
bo;;\>k 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
hWzjn5w3 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
a{?`yO/ 2 （错）I have received his letter for a month.
)kMA_\ $, （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
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6Xex.d 81O\BO.T 独立主格结构的特点：
bu;3Ib3\ 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
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Qk z( 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
;(]O*{F7k 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
A7{l6 0(5 举例：
pt"yJtM'P the test finished, we began our holiday.
a6UW,n"n = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
WK{{U$:$ 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
MhE'_sq q>$[<TsE&} the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
{nyQ]Nu" = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
@;T>*_Yhn 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
)gO=5_^u*o (9;qV :0` c *O{?b Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
o6@Hj+,, 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
Ihe/P {t]J This done, we went home.
Yl65|=n e 工作完成后，我们才回家。
8J&K_ JC^ a59l"b ya+eGD@N': the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
z0@)@4z! 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
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q He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
7l-` k 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
=~Ac=j!q $N7:;X"l He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
4:!KtpR[O 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
