过去完成时
Lp20{R a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
+ww paR` b. 状语从句
$@+\_f'bU> 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
R>BI ;IcX When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
i 4lR$]@ c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
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We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
W}+Q!T= U L$^zR3%d 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
.l" _f He said that he had learned some English before.
TZi%,yK By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
oHB51< } Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
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22 -#j-Zo+< 典型例题
]IXKoJUf the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
Z%6I$KAN8 A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
xKEHN gen 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
Duj9 PV`2 前一句应用过去进行时。
Yq4_ss'nB pr b;q~ 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
Sb> ;k(;`: had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
N-]h+Cnyu He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
P )_ g t 用于现在完成时的句型
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@Zd Ex^7`-2,B '{QbjG%<P 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
sKB])mf] It is the first time that I have visited the city.
L,p5:EW8. It was the third time that the boy had been late.
IX']s;b U M pC2)5 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
;t:B:4r(j This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
}ARWR.7Cc 这是我看过的最好的电影。
'D-eFJ5 This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
R#1h.8 )/HSt%>
典型例题
Z 3m5D K (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
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[Yp ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
P7&a~N$T6W A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
l6:k|hrm; 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
Z+' 7c|a *$Aneq0f (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
25XD fi75 ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
_=3H!b = A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
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Jqn 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
O`g44LW2n 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
`E8m> q Ss （错）I have received his letter for a month.
L}P<iB （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
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f<U CtTG`)"| 独立主格结构的特点：
4>uz'j< 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
) 2wof( 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
Y\(Q 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
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5v 2`|) 举例：
:iD( [V the test finished, we began our holiday.
*^bqpW2$q = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
KXL]Qw FN 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
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L9` r50} j the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
?5K. #>{ = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
nmn$$=~) 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
N8m| Y]^H# Vl5
}m U;Se'*5xv Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
.t.H(Q9 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
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` This done, we went home.
1@" e eR 工作完成后，我们才回家。
(Gf1#,/3 ~
qXR>Z=K< 'IY?7+[ the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
W&q ]bi@C 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
%k_R;/fjW ,
Bk mf | (s4w0z He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
!e*Q2H+ 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
dX-{75o5P ><}FyK4C He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
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##~Y.9 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
