过去完成时
-J*BY2LU3f a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
#v+ 2W b. 状语从句
/W\@/b, 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
koDI xj'%X When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
DCr&%)Ll c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
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pN5 We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
[y$P'Y [w*YH5kX 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
>dO1) He said that he had learned some English before.
=hD@hQ i By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
]S!:p>R Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
VRden>vKN SR)jJ =R3 典型例题
Bv-|#sdxm the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
NMJX ` A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
wJc~AP)I%z 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
i/UDda" E 前一句应用过去进行时。
I_h u s HK}br!? 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
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w,z had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
Yf1&"WW4 He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
'N aNh0y 用于现在完成时的句型
1
,Ams @QOlo -u P ? ^h 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
Uk1|y\ It is the first time that I have visited the city.
CG #lpAs It was the third time that the boy had been late.
T'i^yd }*v ht>C 6y 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
_\"2Mdk`] This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
OdKfU ^ 这是我看过的最好的电影。
/H (55^EMZ This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
nm#ISueh [| qV*3 |? 典型例题
7 C;oMh5 (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
ZYS`M?Au ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
{UeS_O >( A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
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P?F 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
k`we_$/Gw 1j_gQ,'20 (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
d/&W[jJ ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
uqo tVil, A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
H^3f!\MC;o 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
\k4em{K 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
/nq\*)S#& （错）I have received his letter for a month.
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$dF4m （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
G+~ f PtTL
t iE~ 独立主格结构的特点：
1a gNwFd~ 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
IRknD3LX 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
@?2ES@G+Ji 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
.vnQZ*6 举例：
5r1u_8)' the test finished, we began our holiday.
RW`j^q,c3 = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
U-*`I?~=4 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
g:fkM{"{ M!wa } the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
^qY?x7mx1 = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
:Ahw{z`H# 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
^ O3i)GO |yinV fZ0C <nk9IAH Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
V7"^ .W* 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
q4T98s2 J This done, we went home.
ym8pB7E7% 工作完成后，我们才回家。
gX|We} H dw>1Ut{"3 ?j;,:n the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
msV i3`q~ 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
Q*N{3G! FEO /RMh QuIZp P= He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
g/ 4ipcG;N 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
Z,oCkv("n U1W8f|u He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
? _7iL? 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
