英语中基本句式 i O|,,;_
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下:
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S十V主谓结构 8~#Q *
S十V十F主系表结构 S5a<L_
S十V十O主谓宾结构 `3oP^#
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 NYvj?>[y
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 MXV4bgltT
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 &~f_1<
五个基本句式详细解释如下: a`Zf_;$@
1.S十V句式 \hN2w]e
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: MV\zwH
He runs quickly. Q*(o;\s
他跑得快。 G3?z.5,Q
They listened carefully. JvaaBXkS\
他们听得很仔细。 +(%[f W
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) K^\9R
他挨冻受饿。 =YIQ
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China belongs to the third world country. 9lV'3UG-?
中国属于第三世界国家。 1[^d8!U
The gas has given out. >k|[U[@
煤气用完了。 aK'r=NU
My ink has run out. G2D<LRWt4
我的钢笔水用完了。 qa6~N3*
2.S十V十P句式 -S@:
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: ;rgsPVbVf
He is older than he looks. 'Iu(lpF&
他比看上去要老。 fp0Va!T(V
He seen interested in the book. 2uIAnbW]M
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 zdCt#=QV?R
The story sounds interesting. Gj=il-Po
这个故事听起来有趣。 uypD`%pC
The desk feels hard. P;Ox|
书桌摸起来很硬。 T[~X~dqwn"
The cake tastes nice. 2 O%UT?R
饼尝起来很香。 A@UnrbX:
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. 1Q<
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花闻起来香甜。 ^s5)FdF8
You have grown taller than before. ~&kV
你长得比以前高了。 C}CX n X
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) +xMDm_TGLA
他突然病倒了。 ]#`bYh^y
He stood quite still. <javZJ
他静静地站看。 t1kD5^
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. a`}-^;}SW
他长大后当了教师。 a.P^+h
He could never turn traitor to his country. @Z)&3ss
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 @_;6L
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: p?Y1^/
He looked me up and down. N3,EF1%
他上下打量我。 BzDS
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. PWTAy\
他伸出手来摸象。 #]9yzyb_y
They are tasting the fish. gX[6WB"p
他们在品尝鱼。 "F=O
They grow rice in their home town. ]1X];x&e
他们在家乡种水稻。 zzM 'uo
He's got a chair to sit on. ;#AV~Y-
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他有椅子坐。 0
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Please turn the sentence into English. JD.WH|sZ5
请把这个句于泽成英语。 0Nmd*r
3.S十V十O句式 =YR/|9(
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: fF
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I saw a film yesterday. #5F\zeo@F?
我昨天看了一部电影。 \It8+^d@
Have you read the story? 1Jt5|'tl
你读过这个故事吗? _uID3N%
They found their home easily. n)gzHch
他们很容易找到他们的家。 ]:d`=V\&N
They built a house last year. xh,};TS(K
他们去年建了一所房子。 ihdN{Mx<2
They've put up a factory in the village. 7E6gXf.
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 LY(YgqL
They have taken good care of the children. 1:(qoA:
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 [> Q+=(l
You should look after your children well. PRg^E4
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 9ldv*9v
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 tJ;<=.n
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: L|A}A[ P
He gave me a book/a book to me. VC$,Y
他给我一本书。 q$x$ 4
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. Z<jio
他带给我一枝钢笔。 c
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He offered me his seat/his seat to me. ;aXu
他把座位让给我。 .LMOmc=(
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: TkHyXOk"Ky
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. {EU?{#
妈妈给我买了一本书。 }(tuBJ9
He got me a chair/a chair for me. gJ;jh7e@
他给我弄了一把椅子。 yR}PC/>
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. rF n
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请帮我一下。 3%HF" $Gg
He asked me a question/a question of me. XL=Y~7b
他问我个问题。 fyHFfPEE
注意,下边动词只有一种说法:
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They robbed the old man of his money. '2LK(uaU
他们抢了老人的钱。 "Sx}7?8AB
He's warned me of the danger. r [NI#wW
他警告我注意危险。 mE>v (JY
The doctor has cured him of his disease. <xn96|$
医生治好了他的病。 ` @PHV
We must rid the house of th erats. _R/^P>Q?
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 8?yRa{'"
They deprived him of his right to speak. h=a-~= 8
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 ,V`zW<8
5.S十V十O十C句式 'L k&iph
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 MJyz0.9 c
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 O>vbAIu
They made the girl angry. 178u4$# b
他们使这个女孩生气了。 HxE`"/~.7k
They found her happy that day. S7(Vc H
他们发现那天她很高兴。 3Yb2p!o
I found him out. hQFF%xl
我发现他出去了。 @lO(QpdG
I saw him in. VV%Q "0\
我见他在家。 ;,&$ob*/
They saw a foot mark in the sand. 6@X j
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 ",Ge:\TR=
They named the boy Charlie. .I1k+
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 CHGV1X
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I saw him come in and go out. m1\+~*i
我见他进来又出去。 U%qE=u-
They felt the car moving fast. ?*K{1Ghf
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 /l.ox.4z#
I heard the glass broken just now. {zmh0c;|
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 fEgwQ-]
He found the doctor of study closed to him. g/_j
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他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 a}#8n^2
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