英语中基本句式 mDt!b6N/
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: Bs '=YK$
S十V主谓结构 4F -<j!
S十V十F主系表结构 _/ 5
S十V十O主谓宾结构 /A>nsN?:]
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构
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S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 >,Zn~8&Z
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 _9=cxwi<w
五个基本句式详细解释如下: klc$n07
1.S十V句式 +~==qLsU
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: 44k8IYC*o
He runs quickly. ?{L'd
他跑得快。 FUL'=Xo
They listened carefully. sw:a(o&$
他们听得很仔细。 RA){\~@wC
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) s`y
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他挨冻受饿。 [1Qg *
China belongs to the third world country. mtLiS3Nk8
中国属于第三世界国家。 pOB<Bx5t
The gas has given out. fU.z_T[@
煤气用完了。 yYTO
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My ink has run out. L|'B*
我的钢笔水用完了。 *k?y+}E_f
2.S十V十P句式 ExFz@6@
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: Uu Zjf9}
He is older than he looks. `O%O[
他比看上去要老。 U{@2kg-
He seen interested in the book. j(>xP*il
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 YPKB4p#
The story sounds interesting. 0q]0+o*%
这个故事听起来有趣。 ^oE#;
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The desk feels hard. ^nFP#J)_5
书桌摸起来很硬。 g`2Oh5dA
The cake tastes nice. ;R@D
饼尝起来很香。
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The flowers smell sweet and nicc. bFH`wLW
花闻起来香甜。 hL}ZPHA
You have grown taller than before. tCwB7c-
你长得比以前高了。 xm=$D6O:
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) `UqX`MFz
他突然病倒了。 Pl2eDv-y
He stood quite still. p|BoEITL
他静静地站看。 M7&G9SGZ
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. ov
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他长大后当了教师。 U9
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He could never turn traitor to his country. ip1gCH/?_+
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 MGre_=Dm_
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: MY}K.^4^
He looked me up and down. }-u%6KZ
他上下打量我。 f=S2O_Ee
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. "I9 r>=
他伸出手来摸象。 R-wz+j#
They are tasting the fish. ~-R2mAUK
他们在品尝鱼。 i` ay9J8N
They grow rice in their home town. /?Mr2!3N
他们在家乡种水稻。 QBN\wL8g
He's got a chair to sit on. TNK1E
他有椅子坐。 S_;r!.
Please turn the sentence into English. t`>Z#=cl\
请把这个句于泽成英语。 rUAt`ykTmN
3.S十V十O句式 >Q?8tGfB
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: n1:q:qMR1
I saw a film yesterday. ,H^!G\
我昨天看了一部电影。 UP%
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Have you read the story? l"jYY3N|h
你读过这个故事吗? j2.7b1s
They found their home easily. g2=PZR$
他们很容易找到他们的家。 pVrY';[,|
They built a house last year. ?)(-_N&T
他们去年建了一所房子。 vUOl@UQ5
They've put up a factory in the village. bSz7?NAp
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 &g1\0t
They have taken good care of the children.
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这些孩子他们照看得很好。 J_-fs#[x
You should look after your children well. !6@ 'H4cb=
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 n;Q8Gg2U
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 {<Gp5j
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: _L$a[zH
He gave me a book/a book to me. eF9GhwE=
他给我一本书。 SY%y *6[6
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. KB(W'M_D\
他带给我一枝钢笔。 ~(kqq#=s
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. P)J-'2{
他把座位让给我。 +@?'dw
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: J p+'"a
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. V[K N,o{6
妈妈给我买了一本书。 nPqpat`E
He got me a chair/a chair for me. Q}KOb4D
他给我弄了一把椅子。 $Th)z}A}EA
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. >X'-J{4R
请帮我一下。 ZDgT"53
He asked me a question/a question of me. RLB"}&SF]
他问我个问题。 M(LIF^'U:m
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: e5P9P%1w
They robbed the old man of his money. 3IlVSR
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他们抢了老人的钱。 1BZ##xV*:G
He's warned me of the danger. ?X@[ibH6
他警告我注意危险。 , 6X;YY
The doctor has cured him of his disease. jYRSV7d
医生治好了他的病。 aaT3-][
We must rid the house of th erats. 5P"R'/[PA_
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 n9}BT^4 v
They deprived him of his right to speak. )Ak#1w&q
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 4oiE@y&{4
5.S十V十O十C句式 jgIG";:Q
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 pF-
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常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 `hkvxt
They made the girl angry. @ztT1?!e
他们使这个女孩生气了。 0lg'QG>
They found her happy that day. zdrP56rzZ
他们发现那天她很高兴。 WF~BCP$OR
I found him out. Qr$
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我发现他出去了。 ZY`9
I saw him in. zP #:Tv'
我见他在家。 = +MF@ 4
They saw a foot mark in the sand. <1*.:CL"s
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 5.{=Op!
They named the boy Charlie. IeYNTk&<
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 $`3yImv+w
I saw him come in and go out. n
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我见他进来又出去。 <PDCM8
They felt the car moving fast. aj;x:UqpJ
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 x;u#ec4
I heard the glass broken just now. auK9wQ%\
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 oqF?9<Vgc,
He found the doctor of study closed to him. _F6<ba}o3
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 7wx=#
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