英语中基本句式 Y#6LNI
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: C](djkA$
S十V主谓结构 ]9c{qm}y
S十V十F主系表结构 \v$zU
S十V十O主谓宾结构 u:tcL-;U
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 9c[bhGD?
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 ivB,s5<
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 '=xO?2U-Z
五个基本句式详细解释如下: ydj*Jy'
1.S十V句式 qq3/K9 #y
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: 5.DmMG[T^=
He runs quickly. f6nuh&!-
他跑得快。
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They listened carefully. C' {B
他们听得很仔细。 &9z`AY]>
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) ;PnN$g]Q
他挨冻受饿。 "5'eiYms
China belongs to the third world country. hJ8%r_
中国属于第三世界国家。 QDVSFGwr
The gas has given out. c5:0`~5Fn
煤气用完了。 9a_UxF+6/
My ink has run out. ksOc,4A
我的钢笔水用完了。
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2.S十V十P句式 3gD <!WI
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: 7/_|/4&
He is older than he looks.
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他比看上去要老。 m-+>h:1b|9
He seen interested in the book. .IVKgQ
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他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 .*xO/pn
The story sounds interesting. gg8)oc+w
这个故事听起来有趣。 cKOXsdH?SL
The desk feels hard. ( ]0F3@k#s
书桌摸起来很硬。 -
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The cake tastes nice. \
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饼尝起来很香。 "}ur"bU1
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. i_+e&Bjd4j
花闻起来香甜。 /v|b]Ji
You have grown taller than before. HZS.%+2
你长得比以前高了。 d{) =E8wE
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) nD>X?yz2
他突然病倒了。 Zy{hYHQ
He stood quite still. zQt)>Qx_
他静静地站看。 .x/H2r'1
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. VkJTcC:1
他长大后当了教师。 ,I+O;B:0
He could never turn traitor to his country. dVGcth;
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 :D>flZi
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: x^Qij!mB%
He looked me up and down. 6W7,EIf
他上下打量我。 (Ia:>ocE0
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. ~x_(v,NW
他伸出手来摸象。 A e2Y\ sAV
They are tasting the fish. upJy,|5
他们在品尝鱼。 d~QJ}a
They grow rice in their home town. 99]s/KD2yb
他们在家乡种水稻。 4"{g{8
He's got a chair to sit on. qEdY]t
他有椅子坐。 G4#Yz6O
Please turn the sentence into English. _n4`mL8>kH
请把这个句于泽成英语。 ?6I`$ &OA
3.S十V十O句式 CPP9=CoR37
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: 5`K'2
I saw a film yesterday. *|0W3uy\Y
我昨天看了一部电影。 &;GoCU Le
Have you read the story? o5Knot)Oy
你读过这个故事吗? m5KLi
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They found their home easily. Tilr%D(Q
他们很容易找到他们的家。 nRX<$OzTV
They built a house last year. *1>T c,mb
他们去年建了一所房子。 Rob:W|
They've put up a factory in the village. : R8+jO
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 u/\Ipk/
They have taken good care of the children. o
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这些孩子他们照看得很好。 n4ti{-^4|d
You should look after your children well. H@k$sZ.
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 O9{A)b!HB
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 SC2g5i`
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: \}Pr!tk!
He gave me a book/a book to me. M49Hm[0(
他给我一本书。 Yc(
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He brought me a pen/a pen to me. OQT i$2
他带给我一枝钢笔。 8}^ym^H|j
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. 8[8U49V9(
他把座位让给我。 dBW#PRg
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: WS$~o*Z8
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. B#4 J![BX
妈妈给我买了一本书。 a\I`:RO=<Z
He got me a chair/a chair for me. s|"4!{I
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他给我弄了一把椅子。 .>(qZEF
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. sF#t{x/sW
请帮我一下。 nSU7,K`PM
He asked me a question/a question of me. v8A{q
他问我个问题。 m3_)UIJZ
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: \G1(r=fU
They robbed the old man of his money. hzX&BI
他们抢了老人的钱。 GJuU?h#:/{
He's warned me of the danger. * (<3 oIRS
他警告我注意危险。 8m)E~6
The doctor has cured him of his disease. ymyk.#Z<%
医生治好了他的病。 *yA.D?
We must rid the house of th erats. a^&3?3
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 I~Zm**L
They deprived him of his right to speak. C/pu]%n@4
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 SkA"MhX
5.S十V十O十C句式 +UP?M4g
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 JTB5#S4W
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 ZpY"P6
They made the girl angry. o>Z+=&BZ@a
他们使这个女孩生气了。 M3
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They found her happy that day. ]7{-HuQ8>}
他们发现那天她很高兴。 6e;.}i
I found him out. -n~VMLd?@
我发现他出去了。 ;q$O^r~
I saw him in. ?2b9N ~
我见他在家。 /=qn1
They saw a foot mark in the sand. ^UK6q2[
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 1{V* (=Tp
They named the boy Charlie. 0qV!-i
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 2xd G&}$fa
I saw him come in and go out. izi=`;=D^
我见他进来又出去。 :
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They felt the car moving fast. r 6STc,%5
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 b
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I heard the glass broken just now. aNCIh@m~
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 mko<J0|4
He found the doctor of study closed to him. HIi5kv]}|
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 #\$R^u]!
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