英语中基本句式 6`iYIXnz
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: Qd\='*:!
S十V主谓结构 mn=b&{')e
S十V十F主系表结构 '^C
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S十V十O主谓宾结构 [3qH?2&
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 z. X
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S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 ?<BI)[B
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 ^|zag
五个基本句式详细解释如下: ra6\+M~}e
1.S十V句式 ^&C/,,U
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: d
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He runs quickly. &zB>
他跑得快。 gE
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They listened carefully. 6it
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他们听得很仔细。 =H8FV09x}
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) 9B;WjXSe
他挨冻受饿。 ~]RfOpq^w
China belongs to the third world country. #:N#i
中国属于第三世界国家。 IDJ2epW*;
The gas has given out. ) 3"!Q+
煤气用完了。 VD@$y^!H
My ink has run out. .tGz, z}
我的钢笔水用完了。 8x)i{>#i
2.S十V十P句式 L7aVj&xM
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: ; U7P{e05
He is older than he looks. \-]tvgA~&
他比看上去要老。 QwpX3
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He seen interested in the book. !~%DR~^`
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 Q|{b8K
The story sounds interesting. j!!s>7IZ
这个故事听起来有趣。 2]9
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The desk feels hard. #_S]\=N(
书桌摸起来很硬。 &v*4AZ['
The cake tastes nice. n{MTh_C4n
饼尝起来很香。 0fBwy/:
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. wG7>2*(
花闻起来香甜。 l4+ `x[^
You have grown taller than before. /bo=,%wJ[
你长得比以前高了。 )P
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He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) :ChX
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他突然病倒了。 (!5Pl`:j"
He stood quite still. c CDT27@
他静静地站看。 b/m.VL
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. WxO+
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他长大后当了教师。 !e<2o2~.
He could never turn traitor to his country. 'v0rnIs
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他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 DjN1EP\Xx
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: !lFNG:&`
He looked me up and down. vxk0@k_
他上下打量我。 Dzu//_u
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. 6Sn&;ap
他伸出手来摸象。 fa/o4S<
They are tasting the fish. `W+-0F@Y?@
他们在品尝鱼。 \ILNx^$EL
They grow rice in their home town. oxeu%wj_
他们在家乡种水稻。 #&r}
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He's got a chair to sit on. S _U |w9q
他有椅子坐。 ]9w8[T:O
Please turn the sentence into English. 5RWqHPw+
请把这个句于泽成英语。 0L32sFy
3.S十V十O句式 ;P ju O
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: S},Cz
I saw a film yesterday. -?1R l:rM
我昨天看了一部电影。
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Have you read the story? <+
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你读过这个故事吗? O"o|8
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They found their home easily. 7 qn=W
他们很容易找到他们的家。 =ca[*0^Z7
They built a house last year. D{\o*\TN
他们去年建了一所房子。 J|
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They've put up a factory in the village. jz=V*p}6
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 Qt>kythi
They have taken good care of the children. 8:S+*J[gSn
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 t$t'{*t(
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You should look after your children well. /\mYXi\
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 7_j t =sr
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 Rm)hgmZ
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: }TZM@{;
He gave me a book/a book to me. o(?9vU
他给我一本书。 C}3a^j
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. Zon7G6s9`
他带给我一枝钢笔。 w;Fy/XQ
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. "O$WfpKX
他把座位让给我。 qHyOaKMd
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: D'ZUbAh!
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. tzgaHN
妈妈给我买了一本书。 vyWx{@
He got me a chair/a chair for me.
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他给我弄了一把椅子。 0<4'pO.6Hq
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. %q;y74
请帮我一下。 FxK!h.C.
He asked me a question/a question of me. n.NWS/v_{
他问我个问题。 C{t}q*fG
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注意,下边动词只有一种说法: M
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They robbed the old man of his money. @J6r;4|&
他们抢了老人的钱。 \Jc}Hzug
He's warned me of the danger. ume70ap}m
他警告我注意危险。 G#NbLj`h
The doctor has cured him of his disease. Q
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医生治好了他的病。 vg X7B4
We must rid the house of th erats. k+i0@G'C(
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 mrG#ox4$
They deprived him of his right to speak. S_??G:i
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 4XiQ8"C
5.S十V十O十C句式 1_9Ka
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在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 [;-;{
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常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 Y![i=/
They made the girl angry. G'wW-|
他们使这个女孩生气了。 wXdt\@Qr
They found her happy that day. +m~3InW
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他们发现那天她很高兴。 c;yp}k]\
I found him out. `8\"3S
我发现他出去了。 "_BWUY
I saw him in. O\]{6+$fm!
我见他在家。 # M3d =
They saw a foot mark in the sand. q/@r#
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 mQU t 'j4
They named the boy Charlie. C4dCaiX
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 DmB?.l-
I saw him come in and go out. Y~#.otBL&
我见他进来又出去。 6*|EB|%n
They felt the car moving fast. :8+x&zn
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 ~@}n}aV'!
I heard the glass broken just now. =6fJUy^M\
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 =|^R<#%/
He found the doctor of study closed to him. c,G[R k
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 ]yFO~4Nu
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