英语中基本句式 ~[0^{$rrWs
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: m3`J9f,c/
S十V主谓结构 +GNXV-S
S十V十F主系表结构 7C~g
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S十V十O主谓宾结构 0w6"p>s>c
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 IG4`f~k^
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 B~u`bn,iQ
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 KY9@2JG
五个基本句式详细解释如下: S|_"~Nd=
1.S十V句式 1sXVuto
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: \WM"VT
He runs quickly. (5)DQ1LaF
他跑得快。 e Y
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They listened carefully. >8gb/?z
他们听得很仔细。
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He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) _[y<u})
他挨冻受饿。 :\|<7n
China belongs to the third world country.
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中国属于第三世界国家。 =m?x5G^
The gas has given out. :Gf
煤气用完了。 }i9VV+L#1
My ink has run out. OsgjSJrf
我的钢笔水用完了。 jR^_1bu
2.S十V十P句式 yzyK$WN\[3
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: Url8&.pw
He is older than he looks. GNoUn7Y
他比看上去要老。 1raq;^e9
He seen interested in the book. "IRF^1 p
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 F;Bq[V)R
The story sounds interesting. /vw$3,*z
这个故事听起来有趣。 A%.ZesjAx
The desk feels hard. Ypx"<CKP}
书桌摸起来很硬。 $)VnHr `hy
The cake tastes nice. B;J8^esypD
饼尝起来很香。 $[+)N~
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. Qv1cf
花闻起来香甜。 @8lT*O2j
You have grown taller than before. jh/aK_Q,w
你长得比以前高了。 `':G92}#
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) y`8jz,&.
他突然病倒了。 1i@a? 27|
He stood quite still. Lm'+z97
他静静地站看。 Zo}vV 2
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. >lF@M-
他长大后当了教师。 #S"s8wdD
He could never turn traitor to his country. %g~zEa-g
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 N@V:nCl
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: YhL^kM@c
He looked me up and down. #E#Fk3-ljQ
他上下打量我。 -v$ q8_$m"
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. Oe lf^&m
他伸出手来摸象。 K<MWiB&
They are tasting the fish. W>&!~9H
他们在品尝鱼。 'Ej+Jczzpp
They grow rice in their home town. bmO(tQS$5
他们在家乡种水稻。 hpYW1kfQl
He's got a chair to sit on. 3e)$ <e
他有椅子坐。 {TaYkuWS
Please turn the sentence into English. f(T`(pX0V
请把这个句于泽成英语。 6_>(9&g`zV
3.S十V十O句式 b;5
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在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: 'u6n,yRm
I saw a film yesterday. n_kE
我昨天看了一部电影。 |BXp `
Have you read the story? YmLpGqNv
你读过这个故事吗? DC0ON`
They found their home easily. A[m<xtm5K
他们很容易找到他们的家。 V,]Fh5f
They built a house last year. ?%$~Bb _
他们去年建了一所房子。 u-*z#e_L0
They've put up a factory in the village. dnk
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他们在村里建了一座工厂。 (,b\"Q
They have taken good care of the children. nX8ulGG s
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 ~cV";cD5
You should look after your children well. |?TX^)
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 1p=bpJC
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 X$_pDF&\z
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: *:ErZ UyQM
He gave me a book/a book to me. k106fT]eX
他给我一本书。 zR)/h
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. NDJP`FI
他带给我一枝钢笔。 JF=T_SH^U
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. Rln\
他把座位让给我。 WJMmt XO
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: POf xN.
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. pJuD+v
妈妈给我买了一本书。 $-]I?cWlQ
He got me a chair/a chair for me. |(CgX
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他给我弄了一把椅子。 7spZe"
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. $k`j";8uR
请帮我一下。 Yv0y8Vz@
He asked me a question/a question of me. 8U}+9
他问我个问题。 2*a9mi
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: &h_Y?5k K
They robbed the old man of his money. ~(B%E'
他们抢了老人的钱。 | GN/{KH]
He's warned me of the danger.
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他警告我注意危险。 ^ E.mG>
The doctor has cured him of his disease. pl$wy}W-
医生治好了他的病。 YL78cWOs
We must rid the house of th erats. %e)?Mem
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 {?"X\5
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They deprived him of his right to speak. Yq4nmr4
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 Spin]V
5.S十V十O十C句式 #2"'tHf4
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 \HG4i/V:h
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 pF9WKpzE
They made the girl angry. P1Eg%Y6
他们使这个女孩生气了。 Z
They found her happy that day. *{5/" H5
他们发现那天她很高兴。 kD7'BP/#
I found him out. DtJ3`Jd
我发现他出去了。 6q!Q([D_
I saw him in. R&g&BF
我见他在家。 ;C=V- r
They saw a foot mark in the sand. \(
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他们发现沙地上有脚印。 Q7{{r&|t&
They named the boy Charlie. -$Kc"rX
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 Z'l!/l!
I saw him come in and go out. hwQ|'^(@O
我见他进来又出去。 ,4 q^(
They felt the car moving fast. 2I& dTxIa
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 \I^"^'CP
I heard the glass broken just now. 5wha _Yet
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 y?A*$6
He found the doctor of study closed to him. 7i'clB9!
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 bg_io* K
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