考博英语语法重点总结 H~fZA)W 4Y
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 S&FMFXF@
独立主格特征 a,!
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1. 充当句子的状语。 o^biO!4,
2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 MYDAS-
3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 o=7 -&F.
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) ?tSFM:9PU
例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. Bzw~OB{!=J
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. vaW,O/F
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). KYZ/b8C
真题剖析 i.C+{QH
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. M1-n
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because aTxss:7]
练习:Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. KQ9~\No]
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be \GO^2&g(
虚拟语气 (Z fY/
虚拟语气(2) g ]e^;
1. (should)+动词原形 S-NKT(H)c
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 Gb4k5j
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It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 qcSlqWDk
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 wuRQ
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部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 ["TUSf]
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 aAhXHsZ|26
would rather +动词过去式 WhQK3hnm
真题剖析 SVB> 1s9F
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … +m8CN(c
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t h8B:}_Cu
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. <#/r.}.x
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded ?-C=_eZJ
练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. ;n]GHqzY_
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take &B?TX.
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. v%a)nv
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) `s1>7XWf
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should mWEaUi)Zz
非谓语动词
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动名词、分词、不定式。 q9+`pj
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) }\
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发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 1'Sr0
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To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 w8veh[%3n
真题剖析 Yx#?lA2gx
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. @}K|/
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops yBKEw(1
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. _L8|ZV./
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative 2><=U7~
主谓一致 ke\gzP/
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 dlv1liSXL5
How you got there doesn’t concern me. dMd2a4
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. h95a61a,Vy
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 9N[(
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Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. bv:M
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3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 +4
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4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 )70i/%}7
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). bT>1S2s
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 |7CFm
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. {)`tN
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If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) B+VD53 V
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) X;/5Niv32q
He no less than John is interested in literature. qrr[QEFW
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) F`Ld
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Either my father or my brothers are coming. 0Z4o3r[
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 Ss~yy0
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. dje}CbZ
真题剖析 fbrCl!%P
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 7Zw.m
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53. A. none B. few C. any D. some #S|DoeFs
倒装 4:0y\M5u
全部倒装 \- f^C}m
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” yx\I&\i
There stand big buildings in this district. BM>'w,$KL
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ""W*) rR
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) ym*oCfu=
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. i"RBk%
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 p:Hg>Z
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. B,(zp#&yB
4. 表语位于句首 ?}ly`Js
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. lS96sjJp@
Not far from here is a famous university. J ?^R1
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 (iJ9ekB
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. vE{L `,\q
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. 4apaUP=Jp
6. 分词短语位于句首(分词+be +主语) ^_ST#fFS
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil.
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部分倒装 fWs @ZCt
1. 疑问句 2>*b.$g
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首(作形容词时例外) Nv5)A=6#AA
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. %CIRN}
3. “only+状语”位于句首 <44A*ux
Only when he comes back can be leave. Wy.^1M/n>~
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 8)bqN$*h
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. ~A@HW!*Z@
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) +x]3 -s
By no means should you break the rules. s"JD,gm$
At no time should we give in to difficulties. )
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6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) *; :
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7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though(尽管,虽然)+be动词” 2Y~nU(
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. -]Y@_T.C
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. XiO~^=J