考博英语语法重点总结 Bd*\|M
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 Z`bo1,6>
独立主格特征 }{
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1. 充当句子的状语。 $*dY f
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 <fcw:Ae
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 n(el
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） \b|Q `)TK
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. .2 STBh.;
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. b 'y W+
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). d0@czNWIC
真题剖析 JB\BP$ap
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. U -:_4[
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because |oJ R+
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. aQhr$aH
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be DYvg ^b
虚拟语气 ]%/a
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虚拟语气（2） xDBHnr}[
1. （should）+动词原形 )v?-[
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It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 Oe%jV,S |V
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 ]gGCy '*)
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 jF%[.n[BU
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 N?;5%p G
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2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 B3|r O
would rather +动词过去式 1)f~OL8o
真题剖析 *A
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(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … C]+T5W\"<B
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t L]HYk }oD.
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. #ZRplA~C7]
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded 13 T0"}
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. NQ(}rr'.
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take .8%mi'0ud
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. pJ 1Q~tI
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 35[8XD
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should #D{//P|;
非谓语动词 h}_1 cev?
动名词、分词、不定式。 '
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主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) Uwq m ?]
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) pQ Y.MZSA
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ?=uw0~O[
真题剖析 97 um7n
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. k&1 ~y
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops oGLSk (T&I
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. E@_M|=p&
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative &,Xs=Lv mq
主谓一致 1+^L,-k!
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。
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How you got there doesn’t concern me. ^m
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. fx QN
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 >, &6zj
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. { [4Y(l1
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 [D H@>:"dd
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 ?~a M<rcZ
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). m GWT</=[$
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 9k^;]jE
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. .O'gD.|^N
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) Nky%v+r
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） `oh'rm3'8
He no less than John is interested in literature. T!hU37g h?
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) [ JGa 3e
Either my father or my brothers are coming. Y 1
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8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 g2hxW f"
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. =ot`V; Q>
真题剖析 P,O9On
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. HFx8v!^5N
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some H+; _fd
倒装 ;1cX|N=
全部倒装 fj 19U9R
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” .l*]W!L]
There stand big buildings in this district. e@ L'H)w,
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 6kj Bd3
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) Us YH#?|O
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. -?!Z/#i4
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 D;<Q m,[
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. g B<p
4. 表语位于句首 Xt8;Pl
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. ^<<( }3
Not far from here is a famous university. d?&?$qf[
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 {:Z # 8dGe
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. [ 8SW0wsk
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. -NZj : N
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） %I%F
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Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. _hMV v&$
部分倒装 t_,iV9NrZ
1. 疑问句 ,US~p_M !
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） E[htNin.B~
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. 4lb3quY$Us
3. “only+状语”位于句首 T[<llh'+
Only when he comes back can be leave. r em&F'x0V
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 p0$K.f|
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No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. w_,.
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) \p@,+ -gX
By no means should you break the rules. @OFl^U0/
At no time should we give in to difficulties. Nf0b?jn-
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) **-%5 ~
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” w>H!H6Q
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. V>A@S w
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. 4VaUa8 D
