考博英语语法重点总结 i|xz
oKH+Q6S:
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 IM,4Si2
独立主格特征 uy<<m"cA;
1. 充当句子的状语。 -%Rbd0gVH\
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ~)zxIO!
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 TQPrOs?
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） LFZ*mRiuKE
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. a 7=lZZ
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b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. B@#v S=g
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). -F 9 xPw
真题剖析 {[hgSVN ;
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. 1Dh u 5ht
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because Mz86bb^J
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. &pR 8sySu
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be Z[B:6\oQ
虚拟语气 l2YA /9.
虚拟语气（2） mNEh\4ai
1. （should）+动词原形 nLC5FA7<
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 -@Urq>^v T
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 kbJ4CF}H
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 Koj9]2<0
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 `M. I.Z_
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 +@H{H2J 4
would rather +动词过去式 l N0u1)'2
真题剖析
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(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … ^
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47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t m(
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(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. < G`1(,g
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded 6j+X@|2^
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. [hk/Rp7{
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take "dE[X`
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(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing.
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(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) @*- 6DG-f
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should {,Rlq
非谓语动词 <"xqt 7f
动名词、分词、不定式。 %DA`.Z9 #
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) {MTtj4$
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) eT ]*c?"
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 zA:q/i
真题剖析 fn y6`_O
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. N
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops 5zkj ;?s
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. V<;_wO^
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative Q<ia
主谓一致 pjFj{
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 -T-yt2h(
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 7Cbr'!E\_V
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. Z,81L3#6
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 \ pTv;(
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. ~l {Qz0&
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 B., B P
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 Msfxce
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). w"#rwV &
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 QD%6K=8Q
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. : yq2
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If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) *.+F]-
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） pSI
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He no less than John is interested in literature. E|SmvI V-
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) ]KXyi;n2
Either my father or my brothers are coming. #o9CC)q5G
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 O,
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Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. Gm =&[ ?}
真题剖析 !M9mX%UQ
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. PxvxZJf$@
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some GK6CnSV8d
倒装 jU R*
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全部倒装 QtW e,+WWV
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” .h4Z\R`
There stand big buildings in this district. \u[5O@v#
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. m(kv: 5<>
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.)
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In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. },G
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3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 KV9~L`=]i
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. hb/Z {T'
4. 表语位于句首 '"rm66
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. {.o4U0+
Not far from here is a famous university. k]R
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5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 eWD!/y r|
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. O*,O ]Q
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. .'2I9P\!
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） AE`{k-3=%
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. l
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部分倒装 >qO l1]uF
1. 疑问句 &G\C [L
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） 9(vp`Z8B4
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. .RmoO\
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3. “only+状语”位于句首 |o(te
Only when he comes back can be leave. xUa9>=JU{
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 oblw!)
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. }S13]Kk?=
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) * 0JF|'
By no means should you break the rules. Fy$ C._C$
At no time should we give in to difficulties. .N\t3\9}
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) F* Yx1vj
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” dpt P(H
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. J\'f5)k
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. ^U,C])n
