考博英语语法重点总结 B/Z-Cp z]
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 .JX9(#Uk
独立主格特征 frT<9$QUL
1. 充当句子的状语。 p> g[:
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2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 Cf>(,rt};
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 SVBo0wvz-
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） D|$Fw5!^k6
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. f"SK3hI$ p
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. A\<W x/
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). 4d\V=_);r
真题剖析 nM|F
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(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. 1P?|.W_^1
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because
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练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. oS^KC}X
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be 8kT`5
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虚拟语气 ?!y< %&U
虚拟语气（2） L
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1. （should）+动词原形 lBGYZ--
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 .F G%QF F~
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 K /K|[=bl
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句
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部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 }$i/4?dYsQ
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 (AZA Q xt
would rather +动词过去式 Whe-()pG{
真题剖析 .y<u+)
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … p<3<Zk 7~0
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t GSW%~9WBa
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. *wx95?H0Z
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded ?tA%A
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. <w`EU[y_
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take - Nn< pq
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. No` *-> R
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) Ec@cW6g(%
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should FbRGfHL[
非谓语动词 > l]Ble
动名词、分词、不定式。 \*[DR R0
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) ] E:NmBN<
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ja9=b?]0,
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 @T:J< ,
真题剖析 ',K:.$My
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. Q-rG~O9-
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops h8X[*Wme
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. F]D{[dBf
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative (Ldvx_
主谓一致 4.^ T~n G
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 6VVxpDAi:
How you got there doesn’t concern me. X</Sl>[8
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. '&e8;X
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ^RO<r}B u
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. z~3GgR"1d
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 /_
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4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。
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Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). [T,Hpt
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 Ar[|M 2|
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 3UaW+@
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) {kw% 7}!
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） ^C1LQ Z
He no less than John is interested in literature. R?{xs
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) :L@n(bu RN
Either my father or my brothers are coming. fLqjBG]
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8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 #>("(euXMF
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ?&-1(&
真题剖析 ,h*N9}xYTi
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. &R?`QB2/
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some c8YbBdk'
倒装 '?| 1\j
全部倒装 Jw8?o/1D@
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” NXFi*
There stand big buildings in this district. '/NpmNY:L
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. z? .9)T9_
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) ,|s*g'u
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. v}N\z
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3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 8T9 s:/%
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. iuGwc086
4. 表语位于句首 wpuK?fP
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. OcO/wA(&{
Not far from here is a famous university. D<d, 9 S,)
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 Y&j` HO8f
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. " Q?~LB
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. )f|`mM4DW!
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） CTW\Dt5
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. myR{ }G
部分倒装 EN\cwa# FU
1. 疑问句 Hz GwO^tbK
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） /]3[|
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. 2I [zV7 @t
3. “only+状语”位于句首 HTT&T9]
Only when he comes back can be leave. }W8A1-UF
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 nK :YbLdK,
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. u_$4xNmQ
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) ?iP7K i
By no means should you break the rules. r Z `1G
At no time should we give in to difficulties. KhfADqji|
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) G -T^1?
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” |qn 2b=
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. g,._3.D
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. PiKP.
