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兰州大学 2007 年考博英语试题 o=X6PoJN_
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注意:答案请一律写在答题纸上,写在试题上无效。 rLw,?
Part One Structure and Vocabulary (40%) Ayadvi(@P
Directions: In this part there are two sections In Section One, you are to choose mA|!IhM
from the four choices under each sentence the one which is similar in meaning to the 7q<I7Wt
underlined part of the sentence. And in Section Two, you are to choose the one that lUJ/ nG0l
can beat complete the sentence in question. #joGIw
Section I BSY2\AL p
1. An important function of early stone took was to extract highly nutritious food 0C#1/o)o
from large animal carcasses c{Nk"gEfRA
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A. destroy dq%7A=-
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B. identify C. remove O4ciD1
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D. compare R?a)2jl
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2 Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and U$@p"F@P
highways as well as with urban affairs (.-3q;)6
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A. outlandish ER~m
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B. remote hPLQ)c?
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C exempted D. exclusive |q"WJ
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3. Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass- or m/gl7+
soap-making cither would do. 3&.?9
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A. advantageous B. convenient A rC4pT
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C. identifiable 2j&-3W$^
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D. equivalent p!BZTwP
A ^@:Ps
4. With the dawn of space exploration, the notion that atmospheric conditions on dmI,+hHtL
Earth may be unique in the system was strengthened H)S" `j
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A. continuation :c3}J<Z
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B. beginning C. expansion D. outcome HTiqErD2_
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5. When the glaciers thawed after the last ice age% the five Great Lakes of North VcKufV'
America were formed 8wz%e(
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A. melted Wh6jr=>G
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B. advanced H1X3 8
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C evaporated (PAkKY}
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D. exploded o}H7;v8H
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6. New York is a shopper's paradise whether one wants to spend large sums of A*#.7Np!"
money in elegant department stores or rifle though goods displayed on street ({JXv
barrows (n:d
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A. a fortune B. a dime _aa3;kT_
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C. much {"|P
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D. quite lot KW.*LoO
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7. During the rainy season the Mississippi River may carry away hundreds of acres qgREkb0
of valuable topsoil from one area and arbitrarily deposit it in another. &4 Py
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A. lawfully gzfs9e
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B. subsequently K;,zE6WD$$
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C. randomly X"_,#3Ko!
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D. mercilessly $="t7C9S
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8. Over six million citizens of the United States collect benefits from private pension B#RBR<MFC
plans each year.
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A. nongovernmental B. unauthorized ~)>O=nR
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C. confidential DmDsn
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D. nontransferable #E35%7*
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9. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the overwhelming majority are \XDc{c]
Dormant -+vA9,pI
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A. uncharted
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B. unpredictable $P<T`3Jg
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C. minor 5/U|oZM"
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D. inactive iWCR5c=
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10. The lymphatic system includes a network of tiny capillaries that lie adjacent to Fk&W*<}/;
the fine blood vessels. z4qw*. 5
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A. independent of B. near hN0Y8Ia/5%
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C. obscured by lr>:S
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D. within U[l7n3Y=
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11. One of California's most acute problems is an inadequate water supply. !m7`E
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A. critical , 7` /D
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B. unusual qG=?+em
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C. persistent g43j-[j)
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D. unexpected HIK"Ce
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12. It is estimated that at one time there existed from one to two thousand American 0F"W~OQ6
Indian languages and at least as many cultures, each different in some respect from <>gX'te
all the others. O=,[u?
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A. prospect 79DzrLu
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B. stages |2i=oX(r|
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C. aspect s}
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D. activity J$aE:g6'
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13. The eardrum, a taut membrane located at the end of the ear canal, separates the ^{Vt
outer ear from the inner ear. JAQ y
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A lightly tinted -Kas9\VWEw
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B. tightly stretched C. somewhat opaque D. delicately made (6y[,lYH
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14. It was commonly felt that the purchase of Alaska by the United State in 1867 _/Sqw
was foolish. Wz8MV -D
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A. requiring L:.z
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B. sending C. buying D. applying Q!91uNL
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15. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that }&*wJ]j`L
prevail in the forests. bwC~
A dominate B. rebuild C. invade D. tend l.@v@T(/
16. In frogs and toads,the tongue is fixed to the front of the mouth in order to FI(iqSJ6
facilitate projecting it at some distance, greatly in aiding in capture of insects. qk{+Y
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A proscribing B. protruding
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C. provoking R1/h<I:
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D. protracting lz [s
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17. Stare twinkle as a result of the turbulent stale of the air through which their light -cONC9=
passes. s=H|^v
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A. in addition to B. in spite of C. because of CX}==0od
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D. with regard to -<{;.~nI.
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18. Most meat-eating animals use their teeth to seize and kill prey. A-&XgOL
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A. attacker 3JFX~"rV9I
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B. nourishment C. enemies i}gsxq%
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D. victims od-yVE&
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19. It is ridiculous to become angry about such an insignificant matter, $4:Se#nl
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A. absurd 1d 1
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B. nourishment C. tragic D. unpardonable [?55vYt
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20. How many people are aware that a dancer with New York City Ballet typically .$ X|96~$
wears out a minimum of two hundred pairs of toe shoes per year? ctMH5"F&1
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A. only +-:o+S`q~
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B. at least C. exactly Om(Ir&0
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D. fewer than tz9"#=}0
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Section II (20%) $DW__h
21. Not until the eighteenth century _____the complex chemistry of metallurgy. @~bP| a
A. when scientists began to appreciate ?&-$Zog
B. did scientists begin to appreciate @77+K:9I7
C. scientists who were beginning to appreciate (SMk!b]}
D. the appreciation of scientists began _%u t#
22. Pewte, ____ for eating and drinking utensils in colonial America, is about `R*SHy!
_
ninety percent tin with copper or bismuth added for hardness. 6^)eW+
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A. widely used it I)MRAo
C. which widely used 2B
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B. was widely used Fl!D2jnN
D. widely used _
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23. Lyndon B. Johnson was the only United States President whose oath of office QjKh#sU&
____ by a woman, Judge Sarah Tilghman Hughes. rv c%[HfW;
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A. was administered -O\fy!
C. was accomplished 4K
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B. being directed N' CWSf.e
D. of administration was
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24. Protein digestion begins in the stomach _____ ends in the small intestine. P`avn
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A. when L)qUBp@MW
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B. while eVd:C8q
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C. and }$[@*
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D. because 3Kc9*]D
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25. ___fee growth of manufacturing and other industries, the economy of the state of MS:,I?
Texas has remained heavily dependent on oil and gas. /N#=Tol
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A. As
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B. Despite XpYd|BvW
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C. Though !p76I=H%
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D. In case UFLx'VXd
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26. Probably at about the same time speech, ____laughter originated too. hk$I-
A. increased B. brought about C. evolved D. resulted /r2S1"(q
27. The United States Capitol building in Washington D.C, is ____in a small park "?kDR1=7A
surrounded by a number of impressive government buildings. r)Vpt
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A. located F'F6 &a+
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B- secluded EZzR"W/
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C formed D. spotted ^)GaVL^"5
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28. In earlier times there were more sheep in the South of New Zealand than in the Ux{0)"fj
North; now, ____ to cross-bred flocks, the reverse is the case. 4q:8<*W=
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A. in increase attention 8)1=5n
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B. with increasing attention 'U*#71S
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C. with attention increasing p~Cz6n
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D. in attention (:o:_U
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29. Researchers ____ that when people are mentally engaged biochemical changes (C1~>7L
occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively. `p1B58deC
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A. have brought about =tY%`e
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B. had set up `IJ)'$pn
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C have established D. had put up $tXW/
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30. Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enables us to get along with one [s\8@5?E
another and ___ where we in society. 0%%y9;o
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A. to determine 0v9i43[S|J
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B. determine t#8QyN
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C. to the determination -!mtLaLw
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D. by determining iOCs%J
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31. If pollution continues to increase _____the present rate, formation of aerosols in {dP6fr1z
the atmosphere will cause the onset of an ice age in about fifty years time. `8#xO{B1
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A. with _T
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B. in EAm31v C
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C. by R]Z#VnL@qz
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D. at 0H.bRk/P+
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32. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters with____ that there were JY"J}
fewer calories in every slice. ,3eN&
A. message B. the message C. messages D. information 6(t'B!x
33. Americans view business _____based on the ideal of competition than other \K}KnJ
institutions in society. uPN^o.,/.
A. being as more firmly B. as more firmly y!:vX6l
C. as being more firmly D. as is more firmly 8 $H\b &u
34. By 1872 the United States had 70 engineering colleges, ____astonishing &e3}Vop
expansion credited largely to the Morrill Act of 1862. <^Y#q
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A was
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B. because dD'KP4Io@
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C. to which 5 ';[|f
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D. an fpjFO&ML
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35. When used as food additives, antioxidants prevent fats and oils ____rancid when t1oTZ
exposed to air, and thus extend their shelf life. CN-4FI)1D9
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A. from becoming B. becoming MIZ!+[At
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C. to become D. to becoming i? #U>0!
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36. Parents should realize that ‘‘example is better than ____” jE5=e</
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A. statement nHfAx/9!
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B. lesson C. proverb D. precept eISHV.QV
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37. Arabian camels are usually about 7 feet high and generally sandy-colored, bZQ_j#{$
_____sometimes they are white, various shades of brown or black. 1OqVNp%K
A but that B. though C. however D. therefore +_f813$C
38. ____they sometimes swim alone, dolphins usually congregate in large groups, lfwBUb
often numbering in the hundreds. z!~{3M
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A. Even q^@*k,HG
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B. Why MpIP)bdq7
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C. Although V0F1X s`
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D. Nevertheless =A"z.KfV
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39. ___in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water. K5+ONA<c
a -5#8
A Plants are widely spaced ve(@=MJ
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B. The wide spacing of plants >LEp EMJ\
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C. The spacing of plants is wide k~$}&O
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D. Plants to be spaced widely \&Oc}]
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40. Faults in the Earth's crust are most evident in sedimentary formations, jouT9~[L'
_____interrupt previously continuous layers. G0x!:[
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A. by which Mj |"+(
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B. which it k=5v
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C. where they D. thus it OV $|!n
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Part Two Translation st(Y{Gs
Section I (From English into Chinese) DYL \=ya1
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined C;rK16cn
sentences into Chinese. (20%) >zcp(M98
(1) Drr . Claude Shannon of Bell Telephone Laboratories, and his colleague, E. F. 0]t7(P"F6
Moore, once built a machine to play the game known as Hex, using an analog ltG|#(
computer working on electrical voltages. It beat them about 70 per cent of the time. 1?ST*b
“It frequently surprised its designers by selecting odd-looking moves which, on tumYZ)nW
analysis, proved sound," Shannon comments. o7s<G8;?
(2) Each of these mechanical game-players is said to “learn” because it is so VWE`wan<
programmed that it follows the Boolean algebra pattern, discovering by sad Zk
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experience that one thing or another doesn't work and profiting by mistake. One of NpxND0
Shannon's more fantastic triumphs is the magnetized ‘"mouse” which, when placed >U'gQS?\]
in a complicated maze consisting of partitions, is supposed to find the one and the 83YQ c
only path to the “cheese.” On the first try the mouse will stumble aimlessly around #jR1ti)p
running into one wall after another. Eventually,by repeated try and error, it will C2Af$7c
locate the cheese. I)cA:Ip
If the mouse is given a second try, it will go straight to the cheese without }h`ddo
hitting a single blind alley. It will, do it from any part of the maze. (3) Moreover, if /c
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its trainer changes the maze on it by relocating the partitions, the mouse blunders m^ [VM&%
only where the terrain has become unfamiliar. It can recognize at once positions that Cr$8\{2OA7
have not been changed. Eventually the mouse learns enough to forget all former e't1.%w
arrangements and remember only the latest, successful ones. [^E{Yz=8,
(4) The mouse itself does not think, but it is difficult to argue against the thinking %W]"JwRu
done by the electromagnet and computer that drive the mouse. The device does have D<XRu4^;
the ability to distinguish between right and wrong, and to revise its standards on the j+>&~
basis of its own experience. 5X"WgR;
Probably the clearest difference between man and machine is a quantitative one. .LHzaeJCX
The brain has roughly a million times as many parts as the best computer. On the M-+=t8
other hand, the difference may lie in a spiritual factor, embraced by religion. (5) At #^&.*'z%z
any rate, machine cannot exercise free will or originate anything — not ye t Whether it W8{zV_TBm
ever will is still an open argument H@hHEzO
SectionII (From Chinese into English) 0] $5jW6]
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined :*{\oqFn~$
sentences into English. (20%) 9J'3b <
在中国的西北边陲,在新疆的天山南北,有一支拥有百万军垦战士,肩负“屯垦戍边”使 1$G'Kg/
命的接师,——新疆生产建设兵团。 f'3sT(1&
(6)这是世界上独一无二的兵团。兵团釆取军事建制,战士却不穿军装,从事生产建设 。 i@XFnt
(7)兵团成立 45 年来,百万军垦战士在沙漠边绘的荒原上栽种了几亿棵树,创建设了 172 esVZ2_eL
个、面积达数万亩的绿洲.在世界第二大沙漠塔克拉玛千沙漢和古尔班通古特沙漠的边缘, !u=,b fyH
兵团创建了“人进沙退”的奇连,他们的存在,使中国辽阔的西北边陲, 铸起了一道绿色 5.e.
BT
的“界碑”. ``4lomz>
(8)45 年前,驻新藏中国人民解放军 10 万零 5 千官兵就地转业,成立新疆军区生产建设 Ghpk0ia%d
兵团。从 60 年代初开始,又有大批的军队复转官兵从内地调来,大批的知识 育年抅入兵 gELb(Y\ak
团,他们的到来壮大了兵团的臥伍,也为兵团注入了新的活力.现在第三代兵团也己经幵 rCa2$#Z
始加入这个行列. %[C-KQH
今天,我们在新疆生产建设兵团看到的是悠悠绿洲和一派丰收景象。在兵团里,每—个老 _z
3YB
战士都能讲述一段兵团人早期艰苦创业的历史. @UidQX"b
(9)“新疆占袓国版图的六分之一,我们绝不能让这里的国土是一片荒原!”这是 张仲 19t'
翰将军在率部队进军新疆准备屯田时的讲话,也是十几万解放军官兵进入新疆时的蜇言。 L/R ES
兵团官兵节衣缩食,艰苦奋斗,用节约下来的钱购买家具,在戈壁荒原上开辟出了 — E[RLBO[*n
个个绿洲:使历史上被称为“死亡之海”的塔里木盆地的边缘,变成了稻谷跃香鱼 满塘 )c$)am\I{
的“塞外江南”。 Ly$s0.!
不久前,一位世界银行的高级官员在参观了薪疆兵团生机勃勃的机械化农场后赞扬 /o_h'l|PS
说:(10) “这是我所见到的最成功的农业开发,这是中国人的一个伟大创举,也是世界 [d_sd
的一个奇迹。” ?~5J!|r#
CxOBH89(
Part Three Writing (20%) GCgpe(cQ
Directions: t[ZumQ@HC
Title:THE EXAMINATION CHEATING xf.2Ig
Time limit 50 minutes \#A=twp
Word Limit: 250 — 200 words F^]?'`7md
Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below. ,T|%vqbmw
Your composition should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
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OUTLINE: DgLSDKO!
1. The problem of cheating in schools and colleges '*KP{"3\
2. Causes of examination cheating U "qO&;m
3. My comments 'd"\h#