考博英语语法重点总结 A? B +
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 jnJ*e-AW
独立主格特征 l]zQSXip
1. 充当句子的状语。 AH'c:w]~
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 w"
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3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 `W)?d I?#M
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） ^\B4]'+^j
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. zC)JOykI%
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. l([aK m#
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). BSHS)_x s
真题剖析 HJg&fkHn1
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. \f4rA?+f
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because *\'t$se+
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. 9rz$c, Y(
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be %(& ja_oO
虚拟语气 oCkG
虚拟语气（2） Am@Ta "2
1. （should）+动词原形 ) ddJ\:
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 l+2NA4s
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 HM)D/CO ,?
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 HEFgEYlO
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 :X}SuM ?c
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 <FBH;} ]
would rather +动词过去式 1- ^D2B[-
真题剖析 +j F |8
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … .GJbrz
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t ^cP
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(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. =TEe: %mN
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded @ a]c I
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. Pf4zjc
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take &D[M<7T
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. H?;+C/-K`_
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) ]8 }2
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should x7E] }h
非谓语动词 V*s\ ~h )
动名词、分词、不定式。 + pT;;
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主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) g,WTXRy
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 0$`pYW]
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 eSObOG/
真题剖析 Gev\bQa
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 1WqCezI
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops 'qiAmaX
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. P]^8Enp
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative DI;LhS*z
主谓一致 ={cM6
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1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 ']2d^'TH
How you got there doesn’t concern me. R
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Growing vegetables needs constant watering. y'2w*?
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 KQ9w>!N[
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on.
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3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 +|S)Mm8-
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 @(=?x:j
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). }T}c%p
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 xG
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Everyone knows that you’ve come here. R=Lkf
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) 7Tr '<(A
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） 2<0".5+I
He no less than John is interested in literature. 9
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7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) !}P^O (oY
Either my father or my brothers are coming. [W[awGf
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 d/oD]aAEr
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. @f o(#i&
真题剖析 q2B'R
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. Bf^K?:r"V
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some obbg# ,
倒装 h^IizrqU
全部倒装 yP-
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1. “There (Here) +be+主语” >W/m Rv&
There stand big buildings in this district. B[w. 8e5
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. KTo}xLT
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.)
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In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. e5FF'~A%]
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 ;gJAxVD<
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. 33}p02#
4. 表语位于句首 SJ8
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Especially remarkable was his flat nose. o"N\l{ #s
Not far from here is a famous university. rWM5
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5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 4yMi9Ri4H
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. [ryI I hQ
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. xw~oR|`U
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） (i<\n`h1K
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. Y.52`s6F
部分倒装 :W-xsw
1. 疑问句 vl s+E o]
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） _!vuDv%
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. 0 '5N[Bvp
3. “only+状语”位于句首 A}uW y^w
Only when he comes back can be leave. {>ghX_m |
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 l~1l~Gx_&n
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. (c3O> *M
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) uqBV KE
By no means should you break the rules. /GNm>NSK
At no time should we give in to difficulties. \$,;@H5I^
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) K9RRY,JB
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” 0w2<2grQ
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. r/+~4W5
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. 5S! !@P!,
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