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主题 : 主语从句,即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子
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楼主  发表于: 2015-05-08   

主语从句,即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子

主语从句,即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子,例如"That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all",他在很短的时间内写完作文让我们都很惊讶,此复合句主要描述的是某事让我们惊讶,某事就是该复合句的主语,因此“That he finished writing the composition in such a short time”便是该复合句的主语从句。 R3&Iu=g  
引导主语从句的连词主要有: MXNFlP  
从属代词:that whether "Nbq#w\  
连接代词:who whoever whom whose what whatever which whichever UIN<2F_  
连接副词:when where how why >rKIG~P_  
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主语从句例句图片 ;dZZ;#k%  
s/ qYa])  
中文名:主语从句 0 e ~JMUb  
外文名:Subject clause EF}\brD1  
解释:合句中充当主语成分的句子 J({Xg?  
从属代词:that  whether CiLg]va   
  F]]]y5t  
dot主语从句 [<6^qla  
定义 VfC<WVYiZ  
在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫做主语从句。 ][h%UrV  
第一部分 &LZn FR  
常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语 ?5|>@>  
主语从句是名词性从句,所以它的时态受主句的影响。 tla 5B_  
(1)That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. # 0Q]dO  
(2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown. )SRefW .v  
(3)Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet. u jq=F  
(4)Whom we must study for is a question of great importance. Fk*7;OuZl  
(5)What caused the accident remains unknown. 0s3%Kqi[  
(6)Whatever you did is right. -)]Yr #Q  
(7)Who the watch belongs to is unknown. OXSmt DvJ  
(8)What we need is time. [-k  
(9)What we need are good doctors. (%e .:W${  
名词性从句的时态规则: E=CsIK   
1)、主句谓语动词是现在或将来时,从句谓语动词可以用任何需要的时态。 q`H_M{26!y  
  I wonder what he is doing now. Bp `]  
  Do you know when and where he was born? so)[59M7  
  I'll write to tell him where I 'll meet him. ZQoU3AD;  
2)、主句谓语动词是过去时,从句谓语动词一般需用过去时。 wh\}d4gN  
(1)从句与主句的谓语动作同时发生,从句用一般过去时或过去进行时。 l7259Ro~  
  I thought that he studied hard. otl0J Ht*+  
  He told me his son was watching TV. { MSkHf=  
(2)从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之后,从句用过去将来时。 THbh%)Zv+  
  He said he would spend his holidays in Qingdao. J^nBdofP  
(3)从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之前,从句用过去完成时。 ]kG"ubHV?h  
  They told me they had waited for me half an hour. c~$)UND^  
(4)从句如果有表示过去某一具体时间的状语,仍用过去时。 }QcCS2)Ud  
  She told me her brother died in 1945. "Hb"F?Yb  
> CgTs  
  3)客观的条件,从句时态不受丝毫影响。 5k3n\sqZA  
(1)从句说明的是不受时间限制的事实或真理(客观真理)。  |`f$tj  
  The teacher told us that the earth turns from west to east. 1N^[.=  
  He said Asia is the largest continent. ICoHI  
It was true that water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit. =wHVsdNCN  
(2)当从句表示的是反复出现的时态不变。 t#/YN.@r  
  She told me that she gets up at six o'clock every morning. P[#e/qnXu|  
  He asked me when the train usually starts. Xy&A~F  
(3)当从句是用来表达解释科技内容时时态不变。 Ovt.!8  
  ..... ooL!TS GD  
  (4)当从句的谓语动作仍在继续时,或者表示现在仍在的状态时,时态不变。 p2[n$61   
  He said that the workers in that factory are trying to fulfill the task in time. N/'b$m5= S  
  She told me the other day that she is only 10. -M~:lK]n   
(5)当从句的动作状态还未发生,要用一般式表示。强调与现在的联系。 =:,g  
  He said he will wait for me this evening. *74MWF@IY  
小结: Mzw<{*:r  
(1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等 vq0Tk bzs  
(2)连词位于句首不能省略 &yTqZ*Yuk  
(3)主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数,但也有例外,如例(9) Lpz>>}  
注意:当what引导的名词性分句作主语时,主谓一致问题极为复杂。著名学者周海中教授在论文《关于what-分句作主语的主谓一致问题》中就这一问题做了深入研究,并给出了10种的主谓一致关系。这些一致关系值得英语学习者和使用者特别注意。 mPK:R^RjG&  
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W$;,CU.v  
第二部分 V`d,qn)i  
为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在句首位置,真正主语搁置于句末 F>6|3bOR  
(1)It is certain that he will win the match. gNrjo=  
(2)It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry. 82qoGSD.  
(3)It is very likely that they will hold a meeting. El".I?E*  
(4)It is strange that he should do that. ;_I8^?d  
(5)It is important that we all should attend the meeting. dNH08q8P  
(6)It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas. !9e=_mY  
(7)It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation. SKN`2hD  
(8)It is still a mystery what caused the accident. {S)6;|ua'  
(9)It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai) Nh|uO?&C6  
(10)It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. jB2[(  
(11)It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.  K5h  
(12)It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there) <n$'voR7]  
小结: T'9'G M  
(1)为避免头重脚轻,常以形式主语it引导从句。 It+形式主语谓语+从句。 0[(8   
(2)由于主语从句一般被认为是单数形式,形式主语的谓语动词、be动词+表语 均为单数第三人称形式或过去式. !f [_+CD  
dot用法 Wn2NMXK  
主语从句与宾语从句两者的用法和在句中的作用是不同的,下面从它们的各自用法来介绍。 IEi^kJflU  
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一.主语从句 Rhs/3O8k  
主语从句 定义:在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。 LEdh!</'24  
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 #c!lS<z  
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 $6 f3F?y7  
①主语从句常用it作形式主语,一般常用句型为:It is+{名词/形容词/过去分词}+主语从句例如: {!L~@r  
It is still a question whether she will come or not. :5<UkN)R(  
It is strange that you should like him. $U WZDD  
It is still unknown which team will win the match. n7[V&`e_  
另外,还有一些比较多见的结构: lL3U8}vn  
It turned out that……; CA~-rv  
It has been proved that……; W${Ue#w77  
It happened/occurred that……; #X 1ND  
It is well-known that……等等 0GeTS Fj  
②而强调句则不同,它的结构是:It+be+被强调部分+that+从句 8l`*]1.W<  
强调主语:It is the times that produce their heroes.时势造英雄 VTE .^EK!  
强调宾语:It is English that Prof.Lin teaches us. %h!B^{0  
强调状语:It was in shanghai that I saw the film. UaeXY+O  
判断是否是强调句有一个方法,就是将that以后的“句子的其余部分”拿出来单独看,看有没有缺成分,缺的是什么成分,再把谓语动词后面that前面的那部分,带到你认为缺成分的地方,如果放进去是一句完整的句子了,那就说明是强调句。 ~]2K ^bh8&  
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 ?e 4/p  
(1) It is +名词+that从句 rx|pOz,:  
It is a fact that … 事实是…… 9yP;@y*d  
It is an honor that …非常荣幸 @o`AmC . 8  
It is common knowledge that …是常识 Gd85kY@w7  
(2) it is +形容词+that从句 gPPkT"  
It is natural that… 很自然…… ww1[rCh\+  
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…… d2$IH#~9B  
(3) it +不及物动词+that从句 Q=$2c[Uk  
It seems that… 似乎…… `ERz\`d~Y;  
It happened that… 碰巧…… ;$g?T~v7  
(4) it is+过去分词+that从句 f/?P514h  
It is reported that… 据报道…… BI@[\aRLQ  
It has been proved that… 已证实…… $XH^~i;  
3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 5b7RY V  
(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 *vMn$,^0h9  
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: dM@1l1h/  
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. @H8EWTZ  
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: !&E-}}<  
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. Ow,b^|  
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: Aos+dP5h,8  
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.. r3?o9D>  
(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如: dPRra{  
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? Tlr v={  
4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 .=; ;  
What 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如: uyx 2;f  
What you said yesterday is right. L Da1X2N  
2X&qE}%k S  
二:宾语从句用以区分主语从句的几个特征: FpU>^'2]  
1、引导词:what\which\whose\when\whether\if\where q@2siI~W  
2语序:宾语从句必须是用陈述语句。(名词性从句都是陈述语序) I%Z  
如:I think that you must work harder. *X}`PF   
宾语从句的引导词、连接词的区别、否定转移等现象。 V(*(F7+  
补充:从句的语序永远是陈述句。 oP.7/*p  
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