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中国人民大学 2008 年博士生入学考试英语试题
中国人民大学 2008 年博士生入学考试英语试题 hErO.ad1o Part I. Vocabulary (20%) BL?Bl&p( p;
k7\7 Directions: Choose the best answer (from A, B, C and D) to complete each of the following sentences. Mark your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. //W7$DYEG }k7t#O 1. Let's give a big _____to tonight's prize-winner. p.50BcDg CpG]g>]L&[ A. respect B. shout }_vUs jK !\RBOdw C C. praise D. hand qo^PS {
!G 2. It was a depressed and divided country, accustomed to failure and of change. m(6SiV=D9 c"H59 jE A. definite B. curious ~n<U8cm O We51s^( C. suspicious D. anxious <[W41{
Q^c)T>OAI 3. The secret of the____ of Wal- mart in the retailing industry lies in is single-minded and skillful pantsuit of the lowest prices. 07FS|>DM'Z IA$)E
A. unalleviated B, uncombed l]wjH5mz=i QhqXd C. unprecedented D. unaccompanied M`jqUg ^S]-7>Yyr 4. Those who got angry and crazy set fire to cars and shops in the Paris suburb of Clichy-sous-Bois, then the problems_____. 45+w)Vf! #Y9'n0 AL A. evolved B. evaporated I]dt1iXu_{ -hjGPu C. escalated D, exalted OwJZ?j&) )4@La& 5. The supervisor, his explanation when his fault was pointed out by some talented young students. ^qgOgu (Z{&[h A. stumbled over B. got over FdZG%N>Z 0w24lVR. C. dashed to D. gave out oI/jGyY; tOQura 6, it is evident that no one, no matter how much they _____ is immunity from the effect of advertising. D6MktE)' }%m:^*@$9 A, refuse B. reflect (w+dB8)X 2S`D7R#6s C. proclaim D. protest V< ]l=JOd fsr0E=nV 7. "It's probably just stress." How many times have you uttered those words to yourself to____ a headache, pain or illness? |`
+G7?)Y Z[&7N
Jo( A. dismiss B. dispose 9N?BWv} 8T2iqqG/1 C. dispel D. disrupt -55Pvg0ND B
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sTM 8. Schools and colleges have no right to use our public money to promote conduct that is _____to the religious and moral values of parents and taxpayers. uk\-"dS :vqfWK6mv A. conducive B. comparable Oy,`tG0 ls<7Qe"a Caponizing D. offensive |KM<\v(A{ .^Z^L F 9. The old farmer his wife, living until 105 years of age. p%_m!
,2I8,MOg A. beat B. survived 8LH"j(H <Fc @T4Q, C. lasted D. endured tBZ&h`
V 0."TSe83\ 10. He didn't know anything about business, so starting his own was______ ~Po
BvHi >*5+{~k~4 . A. a climb to power B. a leap in the dark ]B;\?Tim &vy/Vd C. a run on the bank D. a step backwards [ NSsT>C \U1fUrw$* 11. Public attitudes toward business regulations are deeply _______ most people resent intensive government rules, yet they expect government to prevent business from defrauding, exploiting the public. vWM3JH~a6 E903T' 's A. hostile B. emotional {u1Rc/Lw T2nbU6H C. ambiguous D. cynical S;582H9D xKKR'v:o\ 12. Ever since the TV show came off the air, there has been _______ that a movie might be made of the show. Finally in autumn 2007, news broke that filming had started. `@Q%}J UHtxzp =[ A. specification B. suspicion tPT\uD#t A1zqm_X5)P C. simulation D. speculation &*}NN5Sv ,@_$acm 13. A quick wit and a warm smile were the salesman's stock______. {L!w/Ie X N}Ol`@@#h A. in trade B. in reserve M NE{mV(
X[frL)k] C. in effect D. in business >bf29tr Cmq.V@ 14. Innovative product platforms like the portable transistor radio and the_____ walkman the digital lifestyle era. 9I a4PPEH1 .b4_O
CGg A. set the Stage for B. shed light on 0hKF)b _)J;PbK~ C. made sense of D. gave a hand to w1J&c' -
%$b)l?! 15. Successful imitation, far from being symptomatic of a lack of _____, is the first step in learning to be creative. ~RQ6DG^ rz]0i@ehv' A. resolution B. elegance &%~2Wm |~mi6 lJ6 C. aspiration D. originality i$)`U] _P!J0 rpsq.n 16. Our parents love us because we are their children, and this is an fact. so that we feel safer with them than with anyone else. `;7^@ k G<kslTPyq A. unambiguous B. uncontrollable
f>)k<-<yj Q 'R@'W9 C. unalterable D. unintentional '`q&UPg] P8K{K:T 17. As a journalist Hemingway trained himself in of expression. His deliberate avoidance of very attractive adjectives is some of the traces of his early journalistic practices. +OFq=M \UI7H1XDH A. economy B. elegance @[0zZX2EE }2Y:#{m C. depth D. neatness Kk2PWJ7 N"2Ire 18. It is the vast number of irresponsible dog owners which has roused public and demands for tighter controls. |3f?1:"Z &B
uO- A. obsession B. apprehension Hm|8ydNs `7qZ6Z3z@ C. exclamation D. indignation G>{
Bij44 7/lXy3B4 19. Talking to children about the death of others is a subject that adults_____away from very strongly. <6`_Xr7) [*U6L<JI A. shy B. stay K!6k< q/,>UtRr C. slip D. skip C- /<5D
j bCY8CIF 20. That's all fight, it is better to the feeling than to let it build up. A+*M<
W H%`Ja('"p A. displace B. disarm ~G.'pyW n>?o=_|uR C. discharge D. dispatch e;9Z/);#s ?4Z`^uy 21. Many people are to insect bites, and some even have to go to hospital. xMNUyB{? /?<o?IR~6 A. insensitive B. allergic C. sensible D. infected (LzVWz m :/
,h)h)| 22. When you're driving on a motorway, you must obey the signs telling you to get into the right ___ sJ[I<
+jQHf-l A. way B. track C. road D. lane H1iewsfzH rnW(<t" 23. The motorist had to ____ to avoid knocking the old woman down in the middle of the road. 1sgI,5liUs 0Z9>%\km_ A. swerve B. twist C. depart D. swing gE$D#PZa c:(Xkzj 24. In winter drivers have trouble stopping their cars from on icy roads. j4h6p(w{ )Y.H*ca A. skating B. skidding C. sliding D. slipping G^E"#F !Au'WJfE 25. This project would __ a huge increase in defense spending. E(]39B"i F(+,M~ A. result B. assure C. entail D. accomplish zf+jQ yOHVL~F 26. The chances of a repetition of these unfortunate events are ___ indeed. `5da ?wM{NVt#- A. distant B. slim C. unlikely D. narrow VZhtx) BMaw]D 27. We should make a clear ___ between "competent" and "proficient" for the purposes of our discussion. B?A]0S b ]A9$- A. separation B. division C. distinction D. difference v+\&8)W= tZ|0w
Pp 28. In the present economic we can make even greater progress than previously. >JOEp0J >~_oSC)E A. air B. mood C. area D. climate \PU7,*2 n:dnBwY 29. Rite of Passage is a good novel by any standards__ it should rank high on any list of science fiction. =(]yl_ ::<v; `l A. consistently B. consequently C. invariably D. fortunately e'nhP qXF#qS-28 30. The diversity of tropical plants in the region represents a seemingly source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized. _z6_mmMp c+a" sx\ A. exploited B. controversial C. inexhaustible D. remarkable {KQ]"a 6 o57r ,`N 31. his expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high in to his income. _|^cudRv *OM+d$l! A. comparison B. proportion C. association D. calculation U 7_1R0h f3;.+hJ]) 32. Although he has become rich, he is still very of his money. 0(o{V:l%Z| ja2BK\"1: A. economic B. thrifty C. frugal D. careful 9_Ws8nE P >>VBh? 33. As the manager was away on a business trip, I was asked to the weekly staff v?O6|0#x meeting. r)]8zK4;= 9YQYg@+R A. preside B. introduce C. chair D. dominate i8nzPKF2$3 u%24%
Q 34. The of the word is unknown, but it is certainly not from Greek. HSG7jC'_ ehTRw8"R A. origin B. generation C. descent D. cause @h
E7F} [sc4ULS & 35. The hook was a work of such that it took 20 years to write. 9er0Ww.d B;Dl2k^L A. magnitude B. extent C. degree D. amount a<CJ#B2K cOoF +hz0O 36. The police have offered a large for information leading to the robber's arrest. o,yZ1" ir<K"wi(2 A. award B. compensation C. prize D. reward h8
!(WO! i5 ;_ 37. I arrived at the airport so late that I missed the plane. fN_Ilg)t?5 kE[Hq-J=N A. only B. quite C. narrowly D. seldom XGcl9FaO} {^A,){uX] 38. The popularity of the film shows that the reviewers' fears were completely ___. :=oIvSnh ,sZ)@?e A. unjustified B. unjust C. misguided D. unaccepted /
0ra]}[( neBcS[ 39. The head of the Museum was ___ and let us actually examine the ancient manuscripts. XtftG7r9S Aq,&p,m03 A. promising B. agreeing C. pleasing D. obliging _%@ri]u{ov ]&_z@Z.i 40. The multi-national corporation was making a take-over ___ for a property company. _)a!g-Do7 7OdJ&Gzd A. application B. bid C. proposal D. suggestion XFi!=|F JWVn@)s Part II. Reading Comprehension (30%) w\%AR1,rs fD~f_Wr Directions: Read the following passages and then choose the best answer (from A, ,T0q.!d B,C and D) to complete each of the following sentences. Mark your choice with a JLh{>_Rr single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. ;R*tT%Z, W0\
n?$ZC~ Passage one 4O'%$6KR( Co^GsUJ Many of the home electric goods which are advertised as liberating the modern [?S-on. woman tend to have the opposite effect, because they simply change the nature of 0}wmBSl work instead of eliminating it. Machines have a certain novelty value, like toys for >vZ^D adults. It is certainly less tiring to put clothes in a washing machine, but the time c3!YA"5 saved does not really amount to much: the machine has to be watched, the clothes _Eus7 have to be carefully sorted out first, stains removed by hand, buttons pushed and +qee8QH water changed, clothes taken out, aired and ironed. It would be more liberating to >slGicZ0 pack it all off to a laundry and not necessarily more expensive, since no capital `s~[q investment is required. Similarly, if you really want to save time you do not make <]'1Y DA cakes with an electric mixer, you buy one in a shop. If one compares the image of the \!df)qdu woman in the women's magazine with the goods advertised by those periodicals, one [_1K1i"m realizes how useful a projected image can be commercially. A careful balance has to 9PWqoz2c be struck: if you show a labor-saving device, follow it up with a complicated recipe qU+qY2S: on the next page; on no account hint at the notion that a woman could get herself a job, 6rh^?B but instead foster her sense of her own usefulness, emphasizing the creative aspect of ]z"7v her function as a housewife. So we get cake mixes where the cook simply adds an egg E#(dri*#t
herself, to produce .. that lovely home-baked. flavor the family love" , and knitting f;
]C8/ W patterns that can be made by hand, or worse still, on knitting machines, which became 4N_
iHe5U tremendously fashionable when they were first introduced. Automatic cookers are B<!WAw+ advertised by pictures of pretty young mothers taking their children to the park, not by 6a4-VX5 professional women presetting the dinner before leaving home for work. x?n13C W7?f_E\>W 41. According to the passage, many of the home electric goods which are supposed to b9"HTQHl liberate women u$nYdda
k yN9setw*,M A. remove unpleasant aspects of housework. #jT=;G7f2 !"s~dL,7 B. save the housewife very little time. P>qDQ1 v<V9Z
<ub C. save the housewife's time but not her money. Tu7sA.73k U{Moyj D. have absolutely no value for the housewife. IpKpj"eoLy ;Ff5ooL{ 42. According to the context, "capital investment" refers to money *IV_evgM7 n--w-1 A. spent on a washing machine. B. borrowed from the bank. <XH,kI(% q*d@5 C. saved in the bank. D. lent to other people." >NAg*1 <S(`e/#[ 43. The goods advertised in women's magazines are really meant to C25 2E qL/XGIxL? A. free housewives from housework. B. encourage housewives to go out to A&7~]BR
\ work. WQ)vu&; Bb@m-+f C. turn housewives into excellent cooks. D. give them a false sense of fulfillment. ,Ep41v;T%` CINC1Ll_24 44. The example of automatic cookers in the end supports that the home electric Ob
m%\h goods ___ WzdE XcY UwVc!Lys A. completely liberate the modem woman B. only change the nature of work Q4QF_um :Kx6|83 C. indeed eliminate the tedious work D. actually have novelty value 3FhkK/@ !1fAW!8 45. From this passage, we can infer that the writer is ___ about the home electric :Mzkm^7B goods for liberating the modem women. /4bHN:I]M &N\4/'wV A. opponent B. pessimistic C. happy D. concerned Nd;,Wz] _~a5;[~ Passage two Yb
=Z`) m5\/7 VC The "standard of living" of any country means the average person's share of the 7B8.;0X$W goods and services which the country produces. A country's standard of living, e'L$g-;>4b therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth" in $R_RKyXzo this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can ~Lf>/w buy:" goods" such as food and clothing, and "services" such as transport and en- 9w08)2$Na tertainment. J'4V_Kjg- <WGx
6{ A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most f)f {*Tnl-m~ which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a DqbU$jt` country's natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and #Ss lH so on. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a %MUh_63bB fertile soil and a favorable climate; other regions possess none of them. jI~GRk } D0Y8 Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use. Some countries J sc`^a%`' are perhaps well off in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and QZ^P2==x external wars, and for this and other reasons have been unable to develop their $ ";NS6 1 resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, AW<z7BD enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to 6}S1um4 F produce more wealth than another country equally well served by nature but less well 2pn8PQfg) ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a country's people. sUTh}.[5 Industrialized countries that have trained numerous skilled workers and technicians <QZ X"" are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely
MTUJsH\ unskilled. -/z #?J\
Y*q_>kps" A country's standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is 5U5)$K'OA produced and consumed within its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly nW7Ew
<`Q produced through international trade. For example, Britain's wealth in foodstuffs and u~VvGLFf5, other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on those <oP"kh<D4 grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be DgB]y6~KXl traded abroad for the agricultural products that would otherwise be lacking. A Sm(t
"#dp country's wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, wS%aN@ay3 provided that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures. VGtKW kVH \$%q <_l 46. The standard of living in a country is determined by #k*P/I~ ZB@Bj>,bp A. its goods and services. B. the type of wealth produced. hfQx$cv6 (iO8[ C. how well it can create wealth. D. what an ordinary person can share. j\9v1O!T ~D$?.,=l 47. A country's capacity to produce wealth depends on all the factors EXCEPT =i:6&Y~VGq vE=)qn= a A. people's share of its goods. B. political and social stability. '}|sRuftb 5Dv;-G; C. qualities of its workers. D. use of natural resources. Am&PH(}L 4EtP| 48. According to the passage, ___ play an equally important role in determining a }jWZqIqj country's standard of living. 7UzbS,$x eO?.8OM-a A. farm products B. industrial goods 6;8Jy
Y o$NE C. foodstuffs D. export & import Kf!8PR$ ?!$uMKyt 49. The manufacturing capacity may be a key factor to a higher standard of living v2tKk^6`(i when one country |&hu3-( PIxd'B*MF A. has traded her manufacture. B. has established her wealth. paG^W&`; zld[uhc> C. has been an industrialized one D. has produced surplus manufactured goods 2G9sKg,kL A^9RGz4= Passage three !qjIhZi
Hi{1C"% How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we RIDzNdM>U are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are hCcAAF*I;5 content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends tAM t7p- of fashion. et$VR: xpb,Nzwt^ Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should 0 kM
4\En dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be ? !dy able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently mEUdJvSG( and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. 2{sx"/k\A A barber today does not cut a boy's hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do gq^j-!Q)Q< not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers R2 I
7d'|v show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow
w6RB|^ the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull. #%;QcDXRe jc4#k+sb What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity 1^x"P #u or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for %a_ rYrL example. In cold climates, early building were cold inside, so people wore hats aw\\oN* indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a )tq&l>0h depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men &tAhRMa followed his example. 3?d o|> kgq"b) There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, O7M8!3Eqm short skirts became fashionable. Meter World War II , they dropped to ankle length. YT*_
vmJV Then they got shorter and shorter until the miniskirt was in fashion. Meter a few more p-6Y5$Y years, skirts became longer again. klwC.=?(j" 1[;
7Ay Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to r~q(m>Ct6 dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the + Z7 L&BI way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity fAMk<? of jeans and the "untidy" look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly YR 5C`o expensive fashions of the top fashion houses.
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"eL DFk0"+Ky At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then F&Bh\C)] we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for. a sRMz[n5k job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater; and it would be discourteous to visit uPmK:9]3R some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. w
jVmK However, you need never feel depressed if you don't look like the latest fashion photo. `/"rs@ Look around you and you'll see that no one else does either! dHzQAqb8J B2R^oL'
} 50. The author thinks that people are @L 9C_a f"{|c@% A. satisfied with their appearance. A(2\Gfe NrVE[Z# B. concerned about appearance in old age. L&I8lG :j)v=qul C. far from neglecting what is in fashion. 6XFLWN-) ki8;:m4 D. reluctant to follow the trends in fashion. Fad.
!%[ Q|6lp 51. Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to jQ"z\}Wf
4GN A. confidence in life. B. personal dress. |*T`3@R;3 jO5,PTV C. individual hair style. D. personal future. }MiEbLduN 1^HmM"DD 52. According to the passage, changing fashions reflected in all of the following
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