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中国人民大学 2008 年博士生入学考试英语试题

中国人民大学 2008 年博士生入学考试英语试题
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Part I. Vocabulary (20%) BL?Bl&p(  
 p; k7\7  
Directions: Choose the best answer (from A, B, C and D) to complete each of the following sentences. Mark your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. //W7$DYEG  
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1. Let's give a big _____to tonight's prize-winner. p.50BcDg  
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 A. respect B. shout }_vUsjK  
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C. praise D. hand q o^PS  
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2. It was a depressed and divided country, accustomed to failure and of change. m(6SiV=D9  
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 A. definite B. curious ~n<U8cm O  
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 C. suspicious D. anxious <[W41{  
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3. The secret of the____ of Wal- mart in the retailing industry lies in is single-minded and skillful pantsuit of the lowest prices. 07FS|>DM'Z  
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 A. unalleviated B, uncombed l]wjH5mz=i  
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 C. unprecedented D. unaccompanied M`jqU g  
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4. Those who got angry and crazy set fire to cars and shops in the Paris suburb of Clichy-sous-Bois, then the problems_____. 45+w)Vf!  
#Y9'n0 AL  
 A. evolved B. evaporated I]dt1iXu_{  
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 C. escalated D, exalted O wJZ?j& )  
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5. The supervisor, his explanation when his fault was pointed out by some  talented young students. ^qgOgu  
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 A. stumbled over B. got over FdZG%N>Z  
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 C. dashed to D. gave out oI/jGyY;  
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6, it is evident that no one, no matter how much they _____ is immunity from the effect of advertising. D6M ktE)'  
}% m:^*@$9  
 A, refuse B. reflect (w+dB8 )X  
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 C. proclaim D. protest V< ]l=JOd  
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7. "It's probably just stress." How many times have you uttered those words to yourself to____ a headache, pain or illness? |` +G7?)Y  
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 A. dismiss B. dispose 9N?BWv }  
8T2iqqG/1  
 C. dispel D. disrupt -55Pvg0ND  
B > sTM  
8. Schools and colleges have no right to use our public money to promote conduct that is _____to the religious and moral values of parents and taxpayers. uk\-"dS  
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 A. conducive B. comparable Oy,`tG0  
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 Caponizing D. offensive |KM<\v(A{  
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9. The old farmer his wife, living until 105 years of age. p%_m!   
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 A. beat B. survived 8LH"j(H  
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 C. lasted D. endured tBZ&h` V  
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10. He didn't know anything about business, so starting his own was______ ~Po BvHi  
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. A. a climb to power B. a leap in the dark ]B;\?Tim  
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 C. a run on the bank D. a step backwards [ NSsT>C  
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11. Public attitudes toward business regulations are deeply _______ most people resent intensive government rules, yet they expect government to prevent business from defrauding, exploiting the public. vWM3JH~a6  
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 A. hostile B. emotional {u1Rc/Lw  
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 C. ambiguous D. cynical S;582H9D  
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12. Ever since the TV show came off the air, there has been _______ that a movie might be made of the show. Finally in autumn 2007, news broke that filming had started. `@Q%}J  
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 A. specification B. suspicion tPT\uD#t  
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 C. simulation D. speculation &*}NN5Sv  
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 13. A quick wit and a warm smile were the salesman's stock______. {L!w/IeX  
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 A. in trade B. in reserve MNE{mV(  
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 C. in effect D. in business >bf29tr  
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 14. Innovative product platforms like the portable transistor radio and the_____ walkman the digital lifestyle era. 9I a4PPEH1  
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 A. set the Stage for B. shed light on 0hKF)b  
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 C. made sense of D. gave a hand to w1J&c'-  
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 15. Successful imitation, far from being symptomatic of a lack of _____, is the first step in learning to be creative. ~RQ6DG^  
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 A. resolution B. elegance &%~2Wm  
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 C. aspiration D. originality i$) `U]  
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16. Our parents love us because we are their children, and this is an fact. so that we feel safer with them than with anyone else. `;7^@k  
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 A. unambiguous B. uncontrollable f>)k<-<yj  
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 C. unalterable D. unintentional '`q&UPg]  
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17. As a journalist Hemingway trained himself in of expression. His deliberate avoidance of very attractive adjectives is some of the traces of his early journalistic practices. +OFq=M  
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 A. economy B. elegance @[0zZX2EE  
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 C. depth D. neatness Kk2PWJ7  
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18. It is the vast number of irresponsible dog owners which has roused public and demands for tighter controls. |3f?1:"Z  
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 A. obsession B. apprehension Hm|8ydNs  
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 C. exclamation D. indignation G>{ Bij44  
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19. Talking to children about the death of others is a subject that adults_____away from very strongly. <6`_Xr7)  
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 A. shy B. stay K!6k<  
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 C. slip D. skip C-/<5D j  
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20. That's all fight, it is better to the feeling than to let it build up. A+*M< W  
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 A. displace B. disarm ~G.'pyW  
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 C. discharge D. dispatch e;9Z/);#s  
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21. Many people are to insect bites, and some even have to go to hospital. xMNUy B{?  
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A. insensitive B. allergic C. sensible D. infected (LzVWz m  
:/ ,h)h)|  
22. When you're driving on a motorway, you must obey the signs telling you to get into the right ___ sJ[I<  
+jQHf-l  
A. way B. track C. road D. lane H1iewsfzH  
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23. The motorist had to ____ to avoid knocking the old woman down in the middle of the road. 1sgI,5liUs  
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A. swerve B. twist C. depart D. swing gE$D#PZa  
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24. In winter drivers have trouble stopping their cars from on icy roads. j4h6p(w{  
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A. skating B. skidding C. sliding D. slipping G^E"#F  
!Au'WJfE  
25. This project would __ a huge increase in defense spending. E(]39B"i  
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A. result B. assure C. entail D. accomplish zf+jQ  
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26. The chances of a repetition of these unfortunate events are ___ indeed. `5da  
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A. distant B. slim C. unlikely D. narrow VZhtx)  
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27. We should make a clear ___ between "competent" and "proficient" for the purposes of our discussion. B?A]0S  
b ]A9$-  
A. separation B. division C. distinction D. difference v+\&8)W=  
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28. In the present economic we can make even greater progress than previously. >JOEp0J  
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A. air B. mood C. area D. climate \PU7,*2  
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29. Rite of Passage is a good novel by any standards__ it should rank high on any list of science fiction. =(]yl_  
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A. consistently B. consequently C. invariably D. fortunately e'nhP  
qXF#qS-28  
30. The diversity of tropical plants in the region represents a seemingly source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized. _z6_mmMp  
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A. exploited B. controversial C. inexhaustible D. remarkable {KQ]"a 6  
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31. his expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high in to his income. _|^cudRv  
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A. comparison B. proportion C. association D. calculation U7_1R0h  
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32. Although he has become rich, he is still very of his money. 0(o{V:l%Z|  
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A. economic B. thrifty C. frugal D. careful 9_Ws8nE  
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33. As the manager was away on a business trip, I was asked to the weekly staff v?O6|0#x  
meeting. r)]8zK4;=  
9YQYg@+R  
A. preside B. introduce C. chair D. dominate i8nzPKF2$3  
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34. The of the word is unknown, but it is certainly not from Greek. HSG7jC'_  
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A. origin B. generation C. descent D. cause @h E7F}  
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35. The hook was a work of such that it took 20 years to write. 9er0Ww.d  
B;Dl2k^L  
A. magnitude B. extent C. degree D. amount a<CJ#B2K  
cOoF +hz0O  
36. The police have offered a large for information leading to the robber's arrest. o,yZ1"  
ir<K"wi(2  
A. award B. compensation C. prize D. reward h8 !(WO!  
i5; _  
37. I arrived at the airport so late that I missed the plane. fN_Ilg)t?5  
kE[Hq-J=N  
A. only B. quite C. narrowly D. seldom XGcl9FaO}  
{^A,){uX]  
38. The popularity of the film shows that the reviewers' fears were completely ___. :=oIvSnh  
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A. unjustified B. unjust C. misguided D. unaccepted / 0ra]}[(  
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39. The head of the Museum was ___ and let us actually examine the ancient manuscripts. XtftG7r9S  
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A. promising B. agreeing C. pleasing D. obliging _%@ri]u{ov  
]&_z@Z.i  
40. The multi-national corporation was making a take-over ___ for a property company. _)a!g-Do7  
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A. application B. bid C. proposal D. suggestion XF i!=|F  
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Part II. Reading Comprehension (30%) w\%AR1,rs  
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Directions: Read the following passages and then choose the best answer (from A, ,T0q.!d  
B,C and D) to complete each of the following sentences. Mark your choice with a JLh{>_Rr  
single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. ;R*tT%Z,  
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Passage one 4O '%$6KR(  
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Many of the home electric goods which are advertised as liberating the modern [?S-on.  
woman tend to have the opposite effect, because they simply change the nature of 0}wmBSl  
work instead of eliminating it. Machines have a certain novelty value, like toys for >vZ^D  
adults. It is certainly less tiring to put clothes in a washing machine, but the time c3!YA"5  
saved does not really amount to much: the machine has to be watched, the clothes _Eus7  
have to be carefully sorted out first, stains removed by hand, buttons pushed and +qee8QH  
water changed, clothes taken out, aired and ironed. It would be more liberating to >slGicZ0  
pack it all off to a laundry and not necessarily more expensive, since no capital  `s~[q  
investment is required. Similarly, if you really want to save time you do not make <]'1YDA  
cakes with an electric mixer, you buy one in a shop. If one compares the image of the \!df)qdu  
woman in the women's magazine with the goods advertised by those periodicals, one [_1K1i"m  
realizes how useful a projected image can be commercially. A careful balance has to 9PWqoz2c  
be struck: if you show a labor-saving device, follow it up with a complicated recipe qU+q Y2S:  
on the next page; on no account hint at the notion that a woman could get herself a job, 6rh^?B  
but instead foster her sense of her own usefulness, emphasizing the creative aspect of ]z"7v  
her function as a housewife. So we get cake mixes where the cook simply adds an egg E#(dri*#t  
herself, to produce .. that lovely home-baked. flavor the family love" , and knitting f; ]C8/W  
patterns that can be made by hand, or worse still, on knitting machines, which became 4N_ iHe5U  
tremendously fashionable when they were first introduced. Automatic cookers are B<!WAw+  
advertised by pictures of pretty young mothers taking their children to the park, not by 6a4-VX5  
professional women presetting the dinner before leaving home for work. x?n13C  
W7?f_E\>W  
41. According to the passage, many of the home electric goods which are supposed to b9"HTQHl  
liberate women u$nYdda k  
yN9setw*,M  
A. remove unpleasant aspects of housework. #jT=;G7f2  
!"s~dL,7  
B. save the housewife very little time. P>qDQ1  
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C. save the housewife's time but not her money. Tu7sA.73k  
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D. have absolutely no value for the housewife. IpKpj"eoLy  
;Ff5ooL{  
42. According to the context, "capital investment" refers to money *IV_evgM7  
n--w-1  
A. spent on a washing machine. B. borrowed from the bank. <XH,kI(%  
q*d@5  
C. saved in the bank. D. lent to other people." >NAg*1  
<S(`e/#[  
43. The goods advertised in women's magazines are really meant to C252E  
qL/XGIxL?  
A. free housewives from housework. B. encourage housewives to go out to A&7~] BR \  
work. WQ)vu&;  
Bb@m-+f  
C. turn housewives into excellent cooks. D. give them a false sense of fulfillment. ,Ep41v;T%`  
CINC1Ll_24  
44. The example of automatic cookers in the end supports that the home electric Ob m%\h  
goods ___ WzdE XcY  
UwVc!Lys  
A. completely liberate the modem woman B. only change the nature of work Q4QF_um  
:Kx6|83  
C. indeed eliminate the tedious work D. actually have novelty value 3FhkK/@  
!1fAW! 8  
45. From this passage, we can infer that the writer is ___ about the home electric :Mzkm^7B  
goods for liberating the modem women. /4bHN:I]M  
&N\4/'wV  
A. opponent B. pessimistic C. happy D. concerned Nd;,Wz]  
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Passage two Yb =Z `)  
m5\/7 VC  
The "standard of living" of any country means the average person's share of the 7B8.;0X$W  
goods and services which the country produces. A country's standard of living, e'L$g-;>4b  
therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth" in $R_RKyXzo  
this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can ~Lf>/w  
buy:" goods" such as food and clothing, and "services" such as transport and en- 9w08)2$ Na  
tertainment. J'4V_Kjg-  
<WGx 6{  
A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most f)f {*Tnl-m~  
which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a DqbU$jt`  
country's natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and #Ss lH  
so on. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a %MUh_63bB  
fertile soil and a favorable climate; other regions possess none of them. jI~GRk  
} D0Y8  
Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use. Some countries J sc`^a%`'  
are perhaps well off in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and QZ^P2==x  
external wars, and for this and other reasons have been unable to develop their $ ";NS6 1  
resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, AW< z7B D  
enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to 6}S1um4 F  
produce more wealth than another country equally well served by nature but less well 2pn8PQfg)  
ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a country's people. sUTh}.[5  
Industrialized countries that have trained numerous skilled workers and technicians <QZ X""  
are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely MTUJsH\  
unskilled. -/z#?J\  
Y*q_>kps"  
A country's standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is 5U5)$K'OA  
produced and consumed within its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly nW7Ew <`Q  
produced through international trade. For example, Britain's wealth in foodstuffs and u~VvGLFf5,  
other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on those <oP"kh<D4  
grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be DgB]y6~KXl  
traded abroad for the agricultural products that would otherwise be lacking. A Sm(t "#dp  
country's wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, wS%aN@ay3  
provided that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures. VGtKW kVH  
\$%q< _l  
46. The standard of living in a country is determined by #k*P/I~  
ZB@Bj>,b p  
A. its goods and services. B. the type of wealth produced. hfQx$cv6  
(iO8[  
C. how well it can create wealth. D. what an ordinary person can share. j\9v1O!T  
~D$?.,=l  
47. A country's capacity to produce wealth depends on all the factors EXCEPT =i:6&Y~VGq  
vE=)qn=a  
A. people's share of its goods. B. political and social stability. '}|sRuftb  
5Dv ;-G;  
C. qualities of its workers. D. use of natural resources. Am&PH(}L  
4EtP|  
48. According to the passage, ___ play an equally important role in determining a }jWZqIqj  
country's standard of living. 7UzbS,$x  
eO?.8OM-a  
A. farm products B. industrial goods 6;8Jy  
Yo$NE  
C. foodstuffs D. export & import Kf!8PR$  
?!$uMKyt  
49. The manufacturing capacity may be a key factor to a higher standard of living v2tKk^6`(i  
when one country |&hu3-(  
PIxd'B*MF  
A. has traded her manufacture. B. has established her wealth. paG^W&`;  
zld[uhc>  
C. has been an industrialized one D. has produced surplus manufactured goods 2G9sKg,kL  
A^9RGz4=  
Passage three !qjIhZi  
Hi{1C"%  
 How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we RIDzNdM>U  
are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are hCcAAF*I;5  
content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends tAM t7p-  
of fashion. e t$VR:  
xpb,Nzwt^  
Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should 0 kM 4\E n  
dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be ? !dy  
able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently mEUdJvSG(  
and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. 2{sx"/k\A  
A barber today does not cut a boy's hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do gq^j-!Q)Q<  
not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers R2 I 7d'|v  
show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow w6RB|^  
the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull. #%;QcDXRe  
jc4#k+sb  
What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity 1^x "P#u  
or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for %a_ rYrL  
example. In cold climates, early building were cold inside, so people wore hats aw\\oN*  
indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a )tq&l>0h  
depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men &tAhRMa  
followed his example. 3?do|>  
kgq"b)  
There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, O7M8!3Eqm  
short skirts became fashionable. Meter World War II , they dropped to ankle length. YT*_ vmJV  
Then they got shorter and shorter until the miniskirt was in fashion. Meter a few more p-6Y5$Y  
years, skirts became longer again. klwC.=?(j"  
1[; 7Ay  
Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to r~q(m>Ct6  
dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the + Z7 L&BI  
way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity fAMk<?  
of jeans and the "untidy" look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly YR 5C`o  
expensive fashions of the top fashion houses. M/O Y "eL  
DFk0"+Ky  
At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then F&Bh\C)]  
we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for. a sRMz[n 5k  
job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater; and it would be discourteous to visit uPmK:9]3R  
some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. w jVmK  
However, you need never feel depressed if you don't look like the latest fashion photo. `/"rs@  
Look around you and you'll see that no one else does either! dHzQAqb8J  
B2R^oL' }  
50. The author thinks that people are @L9C_a  
f"{|c@%  
A. satisfied with their appearance. A(2\Gfe  
NrVE[Z#  
B. concerned about appearance in old age. L&I8lG  
:j)v=qul  
C. far from neglecting what is in fashion. 6XFLWN-)  
ki8;:m4  
D. reluctant to follow the trends in fashion. Fad. !%[  
Q| 6lp  
51. Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to jQ"z\}Wf  
4GN  
A. confidence in life. B. personal dress. |*T`3@R;3  
 jO5,PTV  
C. individual hair style. D. personal future. }MiEbLduN  
1^HmM"DD  
52. According to the passage, changing fashions reflected in all of the following
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