考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 
hgZvti  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 W}F~vx.  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 2 SU'lh\E  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 %B&O+~  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词)  TrZ!E`~  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. e_Zs4\^ef  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. kFJ]F |^7  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). 9[t-W:3c7  
　　真题剖析 0$XrtnM  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. ;[zZI~wh  
　　45. A. For 7ey|~u2  
　　B. As 2AqcabI9  
　　C. With wQ-BY"cK\  
　　D. Because NgGpLdaC2v  
　　练习： qq^[(n  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. F0m[ls$  
　　8. A. is 9(&$Gwi  
　　B. having .>`7d=KT  
　　C. being ^')4R
U  
　　D. be 1^Q!EV  
\ }-v
 
7|m{hSc  
二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 k \t6b1.M  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 ht:L L#b*(  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 4
[0.M  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 ?s0")R&  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 )P/~{Ci:T&  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 [o'}R`5)  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 v|kL7t)}  
　　would rather +动词过去式  wZ8LY;  
　　真题剖析 %D^j7`Z  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … (+\K  
　　47. A. do =2wy;@f  
　　B. did ~m'8BK  
　　C. don’t Bsz;GnD|r  
　　D. didn’t MU_ >+Wnf  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. 1n ZE9;o  
　　53. A. ordered 6~+?DIc  
　　B. pleaded VM ny>g&3  
　　C. decided pQxi0/dp  
　　D. demanded I=`efc]T  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. v3jx2Z  
　　15. A. took #^/&fdK~A  
　　B. would take |c>A3 P$=B  
　　C. will take HaamLu  
　　D. should take ~&IL>2-B  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. -1u N Z{0  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) >G+?X+9  
　　54.A. shall whg?X&j\V  
　　B.will ]pA}h.R#-  
　　C.would Ts:pk  
　　D.should Wm ?R
B0  
:
U;ZBs3  
[!:.9  
三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。 0)lG~_q  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) Zt[1RMO  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) %lPFq-  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 p.1|bXY`  
　　真题剖析 7QRtNYo#\  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. Hca)5$yL  
　　60. A. dropped I|$_[Sw  
　　B. to drop cj<j*(ZZ  
　　C. dropping D`.CXFI+U  
　　D.drops Z;i^h,j?$1  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. 6i\b&  
　　59. A. destructive TO)wjF_  
　　B. dissatisfied BiHBu8
<  
　　C. damaged \J v6Igu  
　　D. derivative 4oOe  
cEw/F0  
/^0Hi4+\  
四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 5R,/X  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. n|L.dBAs]  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. _&JlE$ua7  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 P*(lc:  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. K)0 6][,  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 $- #M~eZv  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 #,  vN  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). ">voi$Kzey  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 $K8ZxH1z@  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. m&|?mTo>m  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) 2@AC
mh  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) G m<t2Csn  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. I[
<C)IG  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) WFN5&7$W  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. _.FxqH>  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 >&U]j*'4  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. iQin|$F_O  
　　真题剖析 0t*q5pAG".  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. 4U>  
　　53. A. none oOe5IczS(  
　　B. few r"U$udwjg  
　　C. any }[l`R{d5q>  
　　D. some tM]qR+  
U4zyhj  
ZZFa<AK4  
五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 ?exV:OKLb  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” @oug^]a  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. MWsBZJR
r  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. +~02j1Jx  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) 81H04L9K 7  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. X )g
<F