英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格 dAi.^! !
1. 充当句子的状语。 5JS*6|IbD{
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 }+K=>.
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 a?*pO`<J{
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) [ZS.6{vr
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. }U|Vpgd!
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. .d+zF ,02Z
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). -cP1,>Ahv
真题剖析 i\=I` Yn+
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. sk@aOv'*(
45. A. For DkW^gt
B. As lz _ r
C. With uYijzHQyD
D. Because {8,_[?H
练习： ulfs Z:
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. {d> 6*b
8. A. is bl\;*. s'
B. having R#s_pW{op
C. being =FfR?6 ~
D. be yGH')TsjD
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气 虚拟语气 }sp?@C,Z
1. (should)+动词原形 %1)J Rc
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 ~w(A3I.
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 Sp]ov:]%f
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 c)c_Qv
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 #h
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2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ?F~0\T,7
would rather +动词过去式 ,2 P /[ :
真题剖析 "@rHGxK
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . …
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47. A. do C}\kp0mz
B. did _:JV-lM
C. don’t 1 K]
D. didn’t 0\+$j5;
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. ?28)l
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53. A. ordered Ad4-aW H
B. pleaded Gi&/`vm
C. decided jI$7vmO
D. demanded m3|l-[!OA"
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. 2(R{3E4.
15. A. took WrR8TYq9D]
B. would take $B OpjDV8
C. will take '
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D. should take F0'8n6zj
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. Qd}h:U ^
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) #: Ukv?
54.A. shall ,fj~BkW{
B.will z
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C.would 'f6!a5q C
D.should Q k&
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词 动名词、分词、不定式。 F^Mt}`O
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) p(A[ah_
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) $ccCI
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To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 Y7`Dx'x
真题剖析 %i&\ X[
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ,k m`-6.2?
60. A. dropped Qq\hD@Z|
B. to drop C3; d.KlV
C. dropping ),0Ea~LB 4
D.drops Q>\9/D jUp
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. $oZV 54
59. A. destructive >
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B. dissatisfied #F+b^WT R
C. damaged a<Ps6'
D. derivative MUp{2_RA
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 <:~'s]`zf
How you got there doesn’t concern me. </qli-fXB}
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. !(qaudX{>k
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 R<ZyP~
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. Z'y:r2{ql
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 fMZc_dsW9
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 ;3N>m| ?D=
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). -[>G@m:?e
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 S{)'1J_ 0
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. W
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If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) x5!ln N,#
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) :JG2xtn
He no less than John is interested in literature. _,E ! <
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) _<;wes tq
Either my father or my brothers are coming. (J\Qo9Il
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 Z~ {[YsG
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. PD@@4@^
真题剖析 =VDtZSa!$^
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. "p kn
53. A. none C-L[" O0[
B. few 8nHFNOv6
C. any ^[-3qi
D. some ? Glkhf7(
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五考博英语语法：倒装 全部倒装 (= ,w$
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 'P<T,:z?
There stand big buildings in this district. p+d?k"WN?
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. )K^5 +oC17
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) 00(#_($
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. vaUUesytt
