英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格 /s3AZ j9
1. 充当句子的状语。 gaaW:* *y
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 K.?~@5%
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 f%0^89 )
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) i
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例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. e%w>QN`
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. KH)(xB=
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). W$7
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真题剖析 'v.i' 6
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. GwHMXtj4
45. A. For P g.PD,&U
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练习： MhN)ZhsC
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. PDaHY
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B. having U 7d%*g
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气 虚拟语气 d?(#NP# ;
1. (should)+动词原形 0UeDM*
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 ,Ju f
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 l$D]*_ jc,
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 rMIr&T
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 sXp>4MomV
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式
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would rather +动词过去式 BX&bhWYGFX
真题剖析 dxbP'2~
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … ) Q\nR`k
47. A. do ;:Q 5?zM
B. did B
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(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. %E Jv!u*-
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D. demanded )K.~A&y@
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. f3Ior.n(
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C. will take r #
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(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. ?#"rI6
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 3Z#k9c_b
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C.would f<WP< !N%
D.should j*@^O`^v
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词 动名词、分词、不定式。 asqbLtQ
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) @qk$
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发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) '<_nL8A^
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 i356m9j
真题剖析 Z aJg$
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. a;J
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60. A. dropped 9 I>qD
B. to drop | Qo`K%8
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D.drops 0nUcUdIf+
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. S]&f+g}&w
59. A. destructive o1<Y#db[
B. dissatisfied L+,p#w
C. damaged
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 +(n&>7 5
How you got there doesn’t concern me. q5C(/@)^
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. #M kXio; h
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 gDbj!(tm
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 6;s.%W
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 Xc"l')1H
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 jb;!"H C
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water).
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5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 dr3j<D-Q
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. tt5t(+5j
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) SFhi]48&V
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) ;
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He no less than John is interested in literature. 2I'gT$h
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) [ Q"*I2 &
Either my father or my brothers are coming. We%HdTKT
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 6ub-NtVu
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ,U`:IP/L
真题剖析 ~,#zdm1r@
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 0"l*8%g
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五考博英语语法：倒装 全部倒装 DX3 xWdnr
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” GSl vT: k
There stand big buildings in this district. >~%!#,C(|U
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. )|52B;yZx
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) aT i2=HL=S
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. }jL_/gvgy
