考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 *Iy5 V7`KU  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 Ja1[vO"YgP  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 MzUNk`T @  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 ]?KTw8j}  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) y[QQopy4:  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. Dx p8^VL  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. <X>lA  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). Kf=6l#J7  
　　真题剖析 >4I,9TO  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. E k'~i  
　　45. A. For ^d6}rtG  
　　B. As q{4W@Um-  
　　C. With $y%X#:eLJ  
　　D. Because 6(#fGH&[  
　　练习： ~nQ=iB  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. Ih Yso7g  
　　8. A. is #k GgzO  
　　B. having QuB`}rfLf  
　　C. being ub/Z'!  
　　D. be _xKu EU}  
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 dUt$kB  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 xi+bBqg<.K  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 qu8!fFQjYL  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句
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　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 ajM3Uwnr  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 z (1zth  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 egXHp<bqw  
　　would rather +动词过去式 g4eEkG`XTS  
　　真题剖析 OM>,1;UH]  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … Uzi.CYVs%  
　　47. A. do UO1WtQyu,H  
　　B. did ~nP~6Q'wSH  
　　C. don’t k?bIu  
　　D. didn’t
Kl\g{>{Uz  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. "_
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　　53. A. ordered mRurGa

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　　B. pleaded 4Eri]
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　　C. decided WX-J4ieL  
　　D. demanded 04j]W]8#  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. 0I v(ioB=  
　　15. A. took gTM*td(~^  
　　B. would take 8mm]>u$  
　　C. will take < NRnE8:  
　　D. should take ,<CFjtelO  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. *HONA>u   
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) {}n]\zO %  
　　54.A. shall XsEotW  
　　B.will ;],Js1m  
　　C.would @zCp/fo3  
　　D.should hNRN`\5Z  
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。 }> ]`#s  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) J*Q+$Ai~  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Wt M1nnJp  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 Y6E0-bL@Fe  
　　真题剖析 R*`=Bk0+  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. lD#S:HX  
　　60. A. dropped X
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　　B. to drop tuslkOE#  
　　C. dropping u*m|o8  
　　D.drops !"LFeqI$lr  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. ,ll<0Atg  
　　59. A. destructive ]p@q.P  
　　B. dissatisfied 5D <  
　　C. damaged M#.dF{%%  
　　D. derivative $YiG0GK<"  
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 7P:/ (P  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. wCEcMVT  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. c{3P|O&.  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 0C4Os p  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 8I7JsCj  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 wWVB'MRXB,  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 re fAgS!=q  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). k{ $,FQ4  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 f{-,"6Y1  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. o]B2^Yq;x  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) TMD*-wYr  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) (@NW
2  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. r2\}_pIj  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) w>4( hGO  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. y/>Nx7C0=2  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 n5Mhp:zc,  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. #V.u[:mO  
　　真题剖析 $S^rKp#  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. c~={A  
　　53. A. none  USJ4Z  
　　B. few ab[V->>%  
　　C. any `)NTJc$):  
　　D. some OKA6S*  
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五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 E)]emeGd  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” Hp@cBj_@P2  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. Pr,C )uch  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. *-'`Ea  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) KP!7hJhw  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ' i;ofJ[.c