考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 sS TPMh  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 w<9>Q1(  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 63?)K s  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 midsnG+jnf  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词)

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　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. EliTFxp  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. l:]Nn%U(>  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). gqib:q;r  
　　真题剖析 (yo;NKq,@  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. N?dvuB  
　　45. A. For %=j3jj[  
　　B. As {J/I-=CmML  
　　C. With }_QKJw6/"  
　　D. Because 4(?G6y)  
　　练习： h?\2_s  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. BcA31%  
　　8. A. is CGw--`#\  
　　B. having +kdyS
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　　C. being \F,DA"K_  
　　D. be a=GM[{og  
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 4"\yf  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 ! }3,B28  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 r^$~>!kZ|  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 wN37zPnV~  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 +?RGta'%k  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 -U2mf W  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 !Q-wdzsp?  
　　would rather +动词过去式 c(- Mc6  
　　真题剖析 k7_I$<YDj  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … "C%!8`K{a*  
　　47. A. do rqCa 2  
　　B. did go)p%}s  
　　C. don’t MBk"KF  
　　D. didn’t AZFWuPJo  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. dhRJg"vrQ  
　　53. A. ordered X7aXxPCq1  
　　B. pleaded h\,5/ )Y  
　　C. decided j.-VJo)   
　　D. demanded zCXqBuvu1  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. (b/d0HC ND  
　　15. A. took 4 9w=kzo  
　　B. would take 3 %(Y$8U  
　　C. will take {KaN,td9  
　　D. should take ui.'^F<  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. hd^x}iK"  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) $"fo^?d/s  
　　54.A. shall #0MK(Ut/  
　　B.will l[n@/%2  
　　C.would ZL91m`r  
　　D.should gn5% F5W  
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。 Md9l+[@  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) <Ry$7t,  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) .:0M+Jr"  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 !P|5#.eC  
　　真题剖析 \y*
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　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. *C_[jk@6  
　　60. A. dropped &telCg:  
　　B. to drop qyv"Wb6+  
　　C. dropping VN|G5*  
　　D.drops LP>UU ,Z  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. +Jw{qQR/*  
　　59. A. destructive UvD-C?u'  
　　B. dissatisfied ;5M<j3_*  
　　C. damaged <|JU(B  
　　D. derivative i`~~+6`J  
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 t&f" jPu>  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. J9a $AU*  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 7:kCb[ji"  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ]^!}*  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. $`Rxn*}V4#  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 S>EDL  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 sy.:T]ZH  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). =AzOnXW:S  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 <{ #<5 8  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 0x4l5x$8  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) u7u~  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) S| " TP\o  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. &z QWIv  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) Xr2 Wa  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. a x]9QrA  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 wNR= ?Z~  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. P|v ?
 
　　真题剖析 Q6|@N~UeZ  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. T"B8;|  
　　53. A. none |QMT A5  
　　B. few ja:\W\xhJ  
　　C. any _UaPwJ  
　　D. some U#$:\fT  
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五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 @NBXyC8,Z  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” .;j"+Ef   
　　There stand big buildings in this district. . *Z#cq0  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. hOV_Oqe4?  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.)  @}Pw0vC  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. o`25