英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格 Q?.9BM1V
1. 充当句子的状语。 }ub>4N[
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 <`q-#-V@
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 j0F&
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4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) 3Zz_wr6
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. MB5V$toC
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. /2r&ga&
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). J>h
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真题剖析 )-6>!6hZ
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. "T8b.ng
45. A. For #p{ 8
B. As
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D. Because 5a5JOl$8
练习： YYe<S tyH
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. mmC MsBfL
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气 虚拟语气 I'J-)D`
1. (should)+动词原形 \ 6Y%z
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 q)"yP\
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 #E/|W T
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 "NV~lJS%
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 JWQd6JQ_~V
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 -9 |)O:
would rather +动词过去式 o~x49%X <c
真题剖析 `:gXQmt
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … m.yt?`
47. A. do G Mg|# DV
B. did ;3 =RM\
C. don’t xn<x/e
D. didn’t q] '2'"k
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. {>yy
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53. A. ordered `$] ZT>&
B. pleaded `!
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C. decided *)T7DN8
D. demanded DPWnvd
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. 239g pf]}
15. A. took E7U.>8C
B. would take Pu2cU5n
C. will take XTq+ 9
D. should take :w9s bW
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. E>1%7"
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(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) ^Zq3K
54.A. shall $*+`; PG-
B.will r4pR[G._
C.would 7;ddzxR4
D.should tf {o=X.)
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词 动名词、分词、不定式。 SuJ4)f;'0
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) g Ya
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发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ?_@Mg\Hc
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 6;}W )S
真题剖析 =R||c
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. (x8D ]a
60. A. dropped 0 t0m?rVW
B. to drop b[my5O l
C. dropping /~_,p,:aP
D.drops B&z~}lL
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. I :o.
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59. A. destructive ;c0z6E /
B. dissatisfied , n47.S
C. damaged
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D. derivative 8i?:aN[.1b
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 .L))EB
How you got there doesn’t concern me. | Fp+9U
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. &265
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2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 4Y4QR[>IU3
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. (z.eXo P@>
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 ;wj8:9
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4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 z3Q#Wmv2
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 45$ F c K
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 *_!}g
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Everyone knows that you’ve come here. .{
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If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) p2uZ*sY(D
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) y:ad%,. C
He no less than John is interested in literature. 31k2X81;a
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) h!q_''*;
Either my father or my brothers are coming. h YE
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8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 T6fm`uL&L
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. OVa38Aucr3
真题剖析 NX9K%J
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. GR>kxYM%q
53. A. none 6z
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B. few H&E3RU> `
C. any F%^)oQT+c
D. some XCUU(H
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五考博英语语法：倒装 全部倒装 mB<*we
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” RA$q{$arb
There stand big buildings in this district.
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Here on the desk lies a pile of books. d}--} &r
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) 8D6rShx =
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. $ v0beN6MG
