英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格
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1. 充当句子的状语。 TK~ KM
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 {L.uLr_?e
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 4)'U!jSb
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) 'W("s
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. =WZ@ {z9J
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. > XM]UdP
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). IAe/)
真题剖析 ~0?B
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. &rX#A@=
45. A. For aS\$@41"
B. As t&EY$'c
C. With fYh <S
D. Because ?Drq!?3PDc
练习： qn |~YXn
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. *BF[thB:a
8. A. is l5K O_"hy
B. having r}D#(G$
C. being 0!$y]G r
D. be [8[<4~{
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气 虚拟语气 _ u~0t`f~
1. (should)+动词原形 6f
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It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 HSAr6h
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 g0B
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It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句
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部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 DL!%Np?`
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式
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would rather +动词过去式 g]`YI5
真题剖析 oDi+\0
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … TOS '|xQ
47. A. do K4YD}[
B. did .q[}e);)
C. don’t EUQtl_h/H
D. didn’t / !MKijI
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. MtN!Xx
53. A. ordered %2g<zdab
B. pleaded 0(:SEiz6s
C. decided aW{5m@p{ "
D. demanded ftl?x'P%
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. FU
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B. would take rKyulgP
C. will take u#Jr_ ze
D. should take ;e/F( J
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. `M 'tuQ
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(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) jY]51B
54.A. shall N)R5#
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B.will ugE!EEy [^
C.would f% )9!qeW
D.should b:p0@ |y
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词 动名词、分词、不定式。 W Q% O/
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) GQ7uxdqWBQ
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Y68A+
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To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 Rb& 9!z
真题剖析 7*K UM6z
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. L+<h 5>6
60. A. dropped W0~G`A(:;
B. to drop <<A#4!f
C. dropping
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D.drops G:
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(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. y#iz$l X R
59. A. destructive xU sL{24
B. dissatisfied 'o#oRK{#
C. damaged rz
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D. derivative igk<]AwxS
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 ~nf OV*
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 3c3;8h$k
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. aXJ/"k #Tl
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 xwof[BnE Z
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. !uW *~u
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 \?T9 v
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 .G!xc Q`?
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). |zpy!X 3
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 /u4RZ| &as
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ?1JY6v]h4
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) {Fw"y %a^
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) -
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He no less than John is interested in literature. l X+~; 94
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) m] >zdP+
Either my father or my brothers are coming. QTi@yT:
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 cE
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Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall.
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真题剖析 (is' ,4^b
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 1 ~L;S
53. A. none ?o ;ip
B. few jj2iF/
C. any b},2A'X
D. some u NyN[U
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五考博英语语法：倒装 全部倒装 s"=TM$Vb
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” Q /4-7
There stand big buildings in this district. {S{ %KkAV
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. O>]i?
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) ? K[Y"*y2
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. `C S\"|z
