医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 7[=*#7}.
一、肺 Lung v$~1{}iI5
清晰 clear \cJ?2^Eq
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows C:z+8w t
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings oA/[>\y
钙化灶 calcified L_4c~4
空洞 cavitation ,',
S
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) 4-j3&(
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density u NmbR8Mx
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows DpD19)ouy
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density |T`ZK?B+u
圆形致密影 a round density P;~`%,+S
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening T0HNld
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle @6["A'h
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement P}"=67$
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion 2Xw=kw u
液气胸 hydropneumothorax <'T:9
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement 0FN;^hP5|
肺门模糊 hilar haze xE>jlr?
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density Fw{:fFZC[
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) TEJn;D<1I,
阴影性状 shadow zv%]j0 ?
淡的 haziness DtEvt+h
云雾状 clouding 1`sLbPW
线装 streaky YL?2gBT
絮状 patcky sA(d_Yu_
结节状 nodular jmORKX+)
块状 massive CJa`[;i0y
粟粒状 miliary #}xw
*)3
融合状 confluent /]1$Soo
均匀的 homogeneous +x!Hc
二、心脏 Heart hr@kU x
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement #zf,%IYF
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta nmo<t]
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart Vb @lK~
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment bmzY^ %a
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery mAM:Q*a'
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow 5FJ(x:k?z
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement 11^.oa+`
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation Qx")D?u
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart Hk8lHja+\
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta P @Jo[J<
心腰部 waist of heart @=r
o/.
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart | LXVf
三、腹部平片 KUB film %y{'p:
结石 calculus |1pDn7
钙化影 calcified shadow [C#H _y(
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern d iWi0@
液气平面 gas-fluid level g-~]^ $
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air ],~H3u=s3
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination j4:Xel/
胃肠造影 gastroenterography . 3'U(U
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography (zX75QSKV
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign 8|{d1dy
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) R=J5L36F
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine x~JOg57up
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon `aDVN_h{6
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time ]]NTvr
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach {O6yJckH
充盈缺损 filling defect ?J@P0(M#
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds I}+9@d
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) Jr=XVQ(F
球部激惹现象 irritable cap 7NRm\%^q
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) []$L"?]0uk
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis 6~-,.{Y
蠕动消失 aperistalsis +1]A$|qyW
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation X4<Y5?&0
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon a%2K,.J
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold DLN zH
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold 3T/&T`T+c
五、胆道 bile tract je`Inn<
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography g`w46X
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography .^6yCs5~`
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography ;Z9(ll:<$
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) L_tjclk0J
胆总管扩张dilated common duct YkbuyUui
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily h'+F'1=
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately ME66BWg{
收缩功能 contractibility (((|vI3 <
六、骨骼skeleton e{H(
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone B1A:}#
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance `2/V.REX$h
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction
dZo x;_b
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) lD{*Z spz
骨化 ossification phQ{<wzwp
畸形 deformity FKPR;H8>
缩短 shortening &;sW4j
nt
移位 displacement l&*=
.Zc7!
脱位 luxation Sx8C<S5r<
半脱位 subluxation 7X)4ec9H\
连接不正 malunion RL)~J4Y
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture
?\kuP ?\
多发性骨折 multiple fracture Cg|\UKfy$
病理性骨折 pathological fracture %E"v@
关节间隙 joint space ~ToU._
椎间隙 intervertebral space (AX$Svw
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage ` Z/ MQ
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) Qm=iCZ|E^!
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis ~4|Tr z2T
死骨 sequestrum d"n"A?nXh
骨质坏死 bone necrosis $$uMu{?0i
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint C#4_`4{
关节强直 ankyloses 0m=57c$O
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation "$aoI Xv
对线良好 good alignment y=.bn!u}z
对位良好 good apposition +KD7Di91<K
七、泌尿系统 urological system bdY:-8!3
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) ~A1!!rJX
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography NuOxEyC
萎缩 atrophy $PI9vyS
移位 deformity 0\vG
<
扭曲 distortion qE|syA9
充盈缺损 filling defect [3I|
MZ
狭窄 stricture .c:h!-D;
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone 15q^&l[Q
八、X线检查位置 {ya.
前后位 anteroposterior projection +iF
t)
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection y4LUC;[n
侧位 lateral projection oP9 y@U
立位 upright position
lixM0
斜位 oblique projection {=?(v`88
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection $B_%MfI
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection <nN.$4~X
前凸位 lordotic position projection Rw%?@X3m]
轴位 axial position ;>f\fhi'
头位 cranial projection =>B"j`oR
尾位 caudal projection 1:<(Q2X%