医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 'K01"`#
一、肺 Lung ?*ZQ:jH
清晰 clear <N>7.G
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows DLD9
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings >[:qJ|i%
钙化灶 calcified k'+y
空洞 cavitation ;=k{[g 'gv
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) kD7'BP/#
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density g"kET]KP"
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows rBi6AM/
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density }E[vW
圆形致密影 a round density RLzqpE<rJ
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening 0)7v_|z
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle :Nwv&+
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement OW@"j;6
3`
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion Zsmv{p
液气胸 hydropneumothorax qk>SM|{
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement ma!C:C9#J
肺门模糊 hilar haze !ZvVj\{
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density />pAZa
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) QDVSFGwr
阴影性状 shadow y7+n*|H
淡的 haziness 9a_UxF+6/
云雾状 clouding B&<5VjZ\
线装 streaky *5?Qam3
絮状 patcky 7/_|/4&
结节状 nodular bv7xh*
/
块状 massive a/H5Y,b>
粟粒状 miliary aY;34SF
融合状 confluent vu}U2 0@
均匀的 homogeneous 3Zs0W{OxU
二、心脏 Heart @g]+$Yj
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement /~7M
@`1
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta RlU ?F
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart u,}>I%21
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment z4` :n.
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery SG&H^V8
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow k6GQH@y!
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement Ux{QYjFE
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation fA0wQz]u
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart d{) =E8wE
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta 'J!Gip ,
心腰部 waist of heart zlTLp-^Y
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart yd'cLZd<}
三、腹部平片 KUB film RdL5VAD
结石 calculus VkJTcC:1
钙化影 calcified shadow Z![#Uz.z
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern ]W%rhppC
液气平面 gas-fluid level 7lJ8<EP9
u
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air uC#]F@
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination i.[
k"(
胃肠造影 gastroenterography YnDaBpx
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography 9ao?\]&t
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign ~7Nqwwx
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) {l_D+B;
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine LW("/
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon ;i+(Q%LO
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time wLt0Fq6QG
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach KVViTpZ
充盈缺损 filling defect 1hV&/Qr
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds L ]BTX]
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) d)XT> &
球部激惹现象 irritable cap 6Q+VW_~
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) FgPmQ
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis Yx ;j
蠕动消失 aperistalsis \S~<C[P
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation *0'{n*>
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon v{\~>1J{
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold g K dNgU
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold m^)\P?M5|
五、胆道 bile tract I4c%>R
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography D6e<1W
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography R9+f^o`W
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography aIWpgUd`
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) u9+)jN<Yh
胆总管扩张dilated common duct )MX%DQw
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily Vr&v:8:wb
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately xrJ0
收缩功能 contractibility ]7
h;MR
六、骨骼skeleton SC2g5i`
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone HI)U6.'
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance ,l\D@<F
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction ^$lsmF]^
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) 6|%HCxWO
骨化 ossification {Z[kvXf"mZ
畸形 deformity s: MJ{r(s
缩短 shortening jqoU;u`
移位 displacement #m
O.[IuD
脱位 luxation c;R.rV<
半脱位 subluxation `
"bp-/
连接不正 malunion #8bI4J{dE
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture .q$/#hN:e
多发性骨折 multiple fracture jH4Wu`r;m
病理性骨折 pathological fracture 'wTJX>
关节间隙 joint space sF#t{x/sW
椎间隙 intervertebral space z7lbb*Xe
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage W@FGU
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) 6IM:Xj
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis 0 f"M-x
死骨 sequestrum &44?k:
骨质坏死 bone necrosis TC'^O0aZ_
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint )i>T\B
关节强直 ankyloses
-QP1Se*#
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation UIw6~a3E
对线良好 good alignment Z?'){\
$*
对位良好 good apposition :y[tZ&*<_?
七、泌尿系统 urological system \R<OT%8
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) -3:x(^|:K
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography fBt7#Tc=U
萎缩 atrophy n
6|
\
移位 deformity n?A;'\cK
扭曲 distortion R0mWVg
oz
充盈缺损 filling defect uM~j
狭窄 stricture D$c4's`5
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone ]7{-HuQ8>}
八、X线检查位置 U
z6XQskX
前后位 anteroposterior projection Ok~\
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection c^8y/wfok
侧位 lateral projection ^KMZB
立位 upright position v4Q8RE?
斜位 oblique projection Au/n|15->C
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection x_5H_! \#
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection AHR[i%3W
前凸位 lordotic position projection ",T-'>h$2R
轴位 axial position p( Q5!3C0q
头位 cranial projection )/9/p17:xu
尾位 caudal projection AHhck?M^