医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 3
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一、肺 Lung IrC=9%pd$R
清晰 clear #w6CL
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows |&vuK9q
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings ;wrgpP3
钙化灶 calcified T(F8z5s5
空洞 cavitation ak[)+_k_
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) 4uA^/]ygo
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density c2/HY8ttRD
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows FO$Tn+\ 6
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density wP*Z/}Uum+
圆形致密影 a round density 3LREue7Gr
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening g_U69
z
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle Lw`\J|%p
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement Z
D(gYNi
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion `>Cx!sYhV
液气胸 hydropneumothorax @AOiZOH
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement L_,U*Jyo
肺门模糊 hilar haze at!?"u
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density xTT>3Fj
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) s? Kn,6Y
阴影性状 shadow ZtVa*xl
淡的 haziness
gZ3!2T>
云雾状 clouding V_!i KEU
线装 streaky $]FWpr%)
絮状 patcky 32yNEP{
结节状 nodular _q 8m$4
块状 massive H;2pk
粟粒状 miliary (agdgy:#
融合状 confluent 3>+;G4
均匀的 homogeneous #82B`y<<y/
二、心脏 Heart 9\F^\h{
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement {/ta1&xyG
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta 4rm/+Zes
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart k
bY@Y,:w
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment }1V&(#H2
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery uT1x\Rt|e
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow (
rJvE*
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement ^|Y!NHYH$Z
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation ze-iDd_y
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart bm;4NA?Gg
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta i+;EuHf
心腰部 waist of heart 6XP>
p$-
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart b}fH$.V@
三、腹部平片 KUB film \4ZQop
结石 calculus ?CIa)dhu
钙化影 calcified shadow 4t":WutC
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern Sz
=z
TPnO
液气平面 gas-fluid level %X3T<3<
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air \21!NPXH2
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination 2h=RNU|
胃肠造影 gastroenterography V|7 cdX#H
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography C
RNO4
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign S7bSR?~L[
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression)
W+QI
D/
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine {0?76|
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon 8g3 6-8
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time )lZb=t
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach YJ6Xq||_
充盈缺损 filling defect d/MMPge3
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds sS._N@f
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) >">-4L17m
球部激惹现象 irritable cap Y9ru~&/o$
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) ~sOAm
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis *p"%cas
蠕动消失 aperistalsis .A E(D7d6
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation =dPrG=A
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon ZPXxrmq%
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold hUqIjc uL4
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold GE|V^_|i
五、胆道 bile tract KyjN' F$
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography /0A}N$?>:
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography )gZ yW
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography &T{+B:*v
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) ~x2azY2DP
胆总管扩张dilated common duct d%iMjY`~[g
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily Ay[6rUO
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately LqNsQu";
收缩功能 contractibility @,$>H7o
六、骨骼skeleton )KG.:BO<
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone s$A|>TOY
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance *~cq
(PFQ
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction o^mW`g8[
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) t~3!| @3i
骨化 ossification d-y
8c
畸形 deformity W;Ct[Y
8m
缩短 shortening 09/Mg
移位 displacement tmKHT
脱位 luxation p[>!;qI
半脱位 subluxation _->d41
连接不正 malunion ';Y0qitGB
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture !Wgi[VB
多发性骨折 multiple fracture f["c,,[
病理性骨折 pathological fracture A{MMY{K3
关节间隙 joint space wt]onve}%
椎间隙 intervertebral space 3s;^p,9
Y
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage vhvFBx0
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) Y'*oW+K
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis f}=>c|Do
死骨 sequestrum sFt"2TVr3
骨质坏死 bone necrosis %vUY|3G
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint FF #T"y0Y
关节强直 ankyloses LGB}:;$AL
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation wDR/Vr"f
对线良好 good alignment cDS\=Bf
对位良好 good apposition 0Xb,ne
7
七、泌尿系统 urological system gWQ(B
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) T[Lz4;TRk5
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography f YSH]!
萎缩 atrophy agt/;>q\~
移位 deformity nr&bpA/
扭曲 distortion .J<t]
充盈缺损 filling defect 9HB+4q[
狭窄 stricture {8>g?
4Q#
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone Me79:+d
八、X线检查位置 +-C.E
前后位 anteroposterior projection @Bds0t
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection X$
e*s\4
侧位 lateral projection }{y)a<`
立位 upright position ^"<x4e9+j
斜位 oblique projection yIhPB8QL
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection 9 ,:#Q<UM
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection @^T~W^+
前凸位 lordotic position projection yts@cd`$
轴位 axial position !(
>U3N
头位 cranial projection @Ddz|4 vEi
尾位 caudal projection EB|
iW2'