医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 u{8:VX
一、肺 Lung 6Ij'z9nJw
清晰 clear ^^(!>n6r^
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows /zg|I?$>Z4
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings 1+v!)Y>Z&
钙化灶 calcified ]US
空洞 cavitation nA#N ,^Rr
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) &`I 7aP|
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density 6rBP,\m
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows
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边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density ,d@FO|G#pt
圆形致密影 a round density +j(7.6ia
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening pSdtAv
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle 9a$ 7$4m
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement cP^c}e*;NS
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion qQp;i{X
液气胸 hydropneumothorax bj,cU)t0
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement J936o3F_
肺门模糊 hilar haze EI8KK o *
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density a St:G*a"
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) O&evv8 6L
阴影性状 shadow X86r`}
淡的 haziness bkS-[rW
云雾状 clouding l#& \,T
线装 streaky E_-g<Cw
絮状 patcky _j2q
结节状 nodular +wGFJLHJ
块状 massive ;4k/h/o1#
粟粒状 miliary
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融合状 confluent P
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均匀的 homogeneous qo7jrY5G
二、心脏 Heart R
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左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement e4<St`K
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta F7\nG}#s
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart 9a]J Q
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment ~\u~>mtchu
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery #&snl
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow o'=i$Eb
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement glZjo
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation R'$1,ie
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart LCMn9I
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta }*c[}
VLN
心腰部 waist of heart 8gW$\
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart K~A@>~vFb
三、腹部平片 KUB film Dv}VmC""
结石 calculus E
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钙化影 calcified shadow -#
/'^O+%
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern .NM
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液气平面 gas-fluid level B3Ws)nF"
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air
QJ,~K&?
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination y6&o+;I$[
胃肠造影 gastroenterography v,c;dlg_
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography NW~`oc)NS
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign 6OZn7:)Y
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) p*|Ct
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine })C}'!+]
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon BP=<TRp.
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time \N.Bx
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach =W"9
a\m
充盈缺损 filling defect vY]7oX+
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds D:XjJMW3r
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) j=Z;M1
球部激惹现象 irritable cap nxs'qX(D
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) D YTC2
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis y)T|1)
蠕动消失 aperistalsis s$xm
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation )@6iQ
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon <h*$bx]9 +
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold gZ6tbp,X
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold tw&biLM5T
五、胆道 bile tract lGX8kAv?
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography 14yzGhA
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography dyt.(2
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography `A$zLqz)Vm
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) 34t[]v|LD
胆总管扩张dilated common duct Oox,4&
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily ~Z5Wwp]a
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately xn}HB
收缩功能 contractibility .|GnTC q
六、骨骼skeleton
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骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone ZC9S0Z
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance qKNHhXi
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction ,m;G:3}48
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) }PzHtA,V
骨化 ossification DhT8Kh{
畸形 deformity L4{+@T1A[
缩短 shortening )gNVJ
移位 displacement 2Y%E.){
脱位 luxation zJG=9C?
半脱位 subluxation La\|Bwx
连接不正 malunion yVH>Q-{
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture jWh}cM=
多发性骨折 multiple fracture cT#R B7
病理性骨折 pathological fracture Yn8aTg[J
关节间隙 joint space nh>lDfJV<
椎间隙 intervertebral space k9iB-=X?4s
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage <Y ^)/ s
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) Ui}%T]
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis gU@BEn}
死骨 sequestrum xU'% 6/G
骨质坏死 bone necrosis F"t.ND
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint 9^^:Y3j
关节强直 ankyloses S0tPnwco[~
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation A(wuRXnVWK
对线良好 good alignment M[?0 ^ FBx
对位良好 good apposition +D|E8sz8
七、泌尿系统 urological system w~WW2w
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) r*t\F&D
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography f9La79v
萎缩 atrophy IeGVLC
移位 deformity 3Hkb)Wu
扭曲 distortion e%JH q
充盈缺损 filling defect X>ck.}F
狭窄 stricture iU?xw@WR
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone 5U
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八、X线检查位置 JI|MR#_u
前后位 anteroposterior projection 2q%vd=T
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection ZGQz@H5
侧位 lateral projection vXeI)vFK
立位 upright position _#TbOfu
斜位 oblique projection ^_JByBD
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection wZKEUJpQ
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection ?eri6D,86w
前凸位 lordotic position projection bSS=<G9
轴位 axial position XJZS}Z7h
头位 cranial projection 4>t=r\"4
尾位 caudal projection Hjc *WTu