医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 ~&Ne
P
一、肺 Lung ::$W
.!Uv
清晰 clear {B4qeG5
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows c
y;i1#1rO
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings z8JW iRn
钙化灶 calcified \U>&W
空洞 cavitation f(~N+2}
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) )E>yoUhN
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density jHn7H)F8
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows 83t/\x,Q
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density c$7~EP
圆形致密影 a round density W.jXO"pN
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening Z/ jmi
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle 51Y%"v t
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement R#^ku)0
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion EGQgrwY5
液气胸 hydropneumothorax $Vq5U9-
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement SM4`Hys;p
肺门模糊 hilar haze Ue
>]uZ|
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density >WDHRC
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) NGl
8*Af
阴影性状 shadow ,S=[#
淡的 haziness
v>B412l
云雾状 clouding Jl`^`Yv
线装 streaky [B)
!
絮状 patcky )c' 45bD
结节状 nodular j0; ~2W#G*
块状 massive 9>S)*lU&s
粟粒状 miliary D~ Y6%9
融合状 confluent bAZoi0LR
均匀的 homogeneous a- rR`
二、心脏 Heart pS ](Emn`.
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement b3E1S+\=~
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta Y|fD)zG_
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart y&,|+h
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment BKg8p]`+
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery 1\m,8i+gU
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow g&xj(SMj-$
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement OVi<d
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation JfN
'11,$
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart L?d?O
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta vu*e*b$}
心腰部 waist of heart ))|d~m
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart xX%ppD7
三、腹部平片 KUB film X+XDfEt:Q
结石 calculus \DQu!l@1U
钙化影 calcified shadow {wz)^A
sy
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern -a)1L'R
液气平面 gas-fluid level KSchgon0V
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air ,6;n[p"h|r
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination iN
Oj@3x
胃肠造影 gastroenterography Hh^ "c}
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography dXh[Ea^
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign B<SE|~\2
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) D;0>-
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine =;0-t\w!
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon Z8$B
gP
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time 'z"vk
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach a*5KUj6/TL
充盈缺损 filling defect )&1v[]%S
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds ruGJZAhIA^
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) Ljm`KE\Q;t
球部激惹现象 irritable cap Pb'(Y
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis)
ck{S
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis %JE>Z]
蠕动消失 aperistalsis <rE>?zvm
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation [o<hQ`&
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon @??3d9I
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold CK n2ZL
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold FB?~:7+'
五、胆道 bile tract )7
*'r@
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography B$2b=\
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography V,rc&97
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography [bHm-X]
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) U&#`
<R_0
胆总管扩张dilated common duct ikc1,o
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily ka
CN^yQ
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately YAc:QVT87
收缩功能 contractibility _+By=B.'
六、骨骼skeleton id:,\iJ
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone L-w3A:jk
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance {KHI(*r;
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction /iO"4%v
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) vm|u~Yd,s
骨化 ossification QWOPCoUet
畸形 deformity z)C}}NH*!@
缩短 shortening X6
B
IZ
移位 displacement >;4q
脱位 luxation z]N#.utQ
半脱位 subluxation Nl YFS?5
连接不正 malunion m
.(ja
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture Em&3g
多发性骨折 multiple fracture VkJ">0k
病理性骨折 pathological fracture i$] :Y`3h
关节间隙 joint space Hes!uy
椎间隙 intervertebral space i[KXkjr
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage V|
Fo@
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) 6c]4(%8
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis Dh`&B
死骨 sequestrum 7310'wc
骨质坏死 bone necrosis #|E#Rkw!
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint @2"3RmYLo
关节强直 ankyloses 7Y@]o=DIc
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation 1K3XNHF
对线良好 good alignment :? B4q#]N
对位良好 good apposition ynA_Z^j
七、泌尿系统 urological system !f(A9V
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) SlB`ktcfI
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography H'3
pHb
萎缩 atrophy Kq")
|9=d
移位 deformity o+hp#e
扭曲 distortion /b
#w.>e
充盈缺损 filling defect !y_L~81?
狭窄 stricture )*}\fmOv{
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone 9QP=
八、X线检查位置 e*'bY;8lo
前后位 anteroposterior projection (+v':KH3_
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection hub]M
侧位 lateral projection fASklcQ
立位 upright position -}TP)/!,*
斜位 oblique projection i +@avoW
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection ;s,1/ kA
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection 0>j0L8#^p
前凸位 lordotic position projection G$YF0Nc
轴位 axial position R5b,/>^'A
头位 cranial projection 'exR;q\
尾位 caudal projection )Mq4p'*A[