PART I: Cloze (20 points) 3 C E 39W
Directions: Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank. Om &{4a\
Production workers must be able to do statistical quality control. Production workers must be 'fp<FeTg
able to do just-in-time inventories. Managers are increasingly shifting from a "don't think, do what O c^6u
you are told" to a "think, I am not going to tell you what to do" style of management. t-?KKU8
This shift occurs not because today's managers are more ___(1)___ than yesterday's managers, H| eD/6K
but because the evidence is mounting that the second style of management is more ___(2)___ than .:#_5K
the first style of management. But this means that problems of training and motivating the work ifgr<QlG
force both become more central and require different models of behavior.
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To be on top of this situation, tomorrow's managers will have to have strong background in ZC9.R$}Kl
organizational psychology, human relations, and labor ___(3)___. The MIT Sloan School of quickly "4Wp>B
management attempts to ___(4)___ our understanding in these areas through research and then mE3SiR "
quickly bring the ___(5)___ of this new research to our students so that they can be leading-edge [~Z'xY
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managers when it comes to the human side of the equation. 2Be ?5+
The first three decades after World War II were ___(6)___ in ___(7)___ the United States had a i+qLc6|S=2
huge technological lead ___(8)___ all the rest in the world. In a very real sense, ___(9)___ VDb,$i.Z0
technological competitive. American firms did not have to worry about their technological #buV;!_!E?
competitiveness because they were ___(10)___. ZmYSi$B
But that world has disappeared. Today we live in a world where American firms ___(11)___ E<
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have automatic technological ___(12)___. In some areas they are still ahead, in some areas they are o\=i0HR9
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__(13)___, and in some areas they are behind, but on average, they are average. f>"!-3
___(14)___ this means is that American managers have to understand the forces of technical -KU)7V
change in ways ___(15)___ were not necessary in the past. Conversely, managers from the rest of ac+k 5K+
the world know that it is now possible for them to dominate their American competitors if they qk+{S[2j
understand the forces of technical change better than their American competitors do. Vm,f3~
In the world of tomorrow managers cannot be technologically ___(16)___ ___(17)___ their 0F0Q
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functional tasks within the firm. They don't have to be scientists or engineers inventing new HN~v&,
technologies, ___(18)___ they have to be managers who understand when to bet and when not bet DS,FVh".|
on new technologies. If they ___(19)___ what is going on and technology effectively becomes a CL@h!h554_
black box, they ___(20)___ to make the changes. They will be losers, not winners. HHu7{,
1 a. enlightened b. enlightening c. enlightenment d. enlighten y
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2 a. sterile b. producing c. productive d. extravagant mB|mt+
3 a. economics b. economic c. economy d. economies *|gs-<[#X
4 a. take b. arouse c. rise d. advance x[O#(^q
5 . a. results b. evidence c. content d. fruits ,;=( )-
6 a. usual b. flawed c. unusual d. unessential Y+_5"LV
7 . a. which b. / c. that d. those ("JV:u.L+
8 a. by b. over c. on d. upon ^Mvsq)
9 a. was the world not b. the world was not c. did the world be not d. was not the world J PzQBc5e
10 a.superior b. super c. inferior d. junior U3j~}H.D1
11 a. still b. even c. neither d. no longer
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12 a. superiority b. inferiority c. majority d. minority 4xpWO6Q
13 a. common b. average c. ignorant d. exceptional FskJyB
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14 a. How b. That c. What d. Which 1-N
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15 a. that b. they c. those d. who 1={Tcq\]
16 a. illiterate b. sophisticated c. literate d. omniscient 9M7(_E;)B
17 a. regardless b. in spite of c. despite d. regardless of +
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18 a. and b. likewise c. furthermore d. but n-b<vEZw#
19 a. didn’t understand b. don't understand c. haven’t understood d. hadn’t understood 4w
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20 a. failed b. would have failed c. would fail d. would be failed ox=7N{+`J
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PART II: Reading Comprehension (30 points) .iN*
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Directions: Choose the best answers based on the information in the passages below. ?5YmE(v7
Passage 1 lQ<n
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The leaders of the mythopoetic men's movement believe that modernization has led to the 'iISbOM
feminization of men. Mythopoets believe that the rise of the urban industrial society "trapped men Fee WZe0i
into straitjackets of rationality, thus blunting the powerful emotional communion and collective 7fTg97eF
spiritual transcendence that they believe men in tribal societies typically enjoyed". Most vwH7/+
importantly, the movement seeks to restore the "deep masculine" to men who have lost it in their $E,DxDT
more modern lifestyles. Other causes for the loss of the "deep masculine" include: Men no longer 5<?c_l9X^
being comrades who celebrated their masculinity together. Rather, they had become competitors YG1`%,OW`
within their workplaces; Men spending more time in their houses with women than they did with 1gy}E=noP
men (in non-competitive terms outside of work). Excessive interaction with women generally kept ~W *j^+T"
men from realizing their internal masculinity; Feminism is bringing attention to the “feminine p,u<gJUL
voice.” Through this, the mythopoetic men felt that their voices had been muted (though Bly and W]}V<S$
others are careful in not blaming feminism for this); The separation of men from their fathers kept :+^$?[6]
them from being truly initiated into manhood, and was a source of emotional damage. Men were 7RFkHME
suffering further emotional damage due to feminist accusations about sexism. Men should celebrate p>tdJjnt
their differences from women, rather than feeling guilty about them. Men is being discouraged from %PdYv _5
expressing their emotions. Male inexpressivity is an epidemic and does not correspond to their 8Gg/M%wq9U
"deep masculine" natures. Groups of primarily white, middle-aged, heterosexual men from the DD$Pr&~=
professional class retreated from their female loved ones in order to join in spiritual rituals that y^46z(I
emphasized homosociality, with the central goal of reclaiming the parts of their masculinity that HWfX>Vf>}k
they had lost called the "deep masculine." Because most men no longer perform masculine rituals, h5JwB<8
mythopoets assert that men have mutated into destructive, hypermasculine chauvinists, or, in the BI^]juH-c
opposite direction, have become too feminized. The mythopoetic men performed rituals at these Ry S{@=si
gatherings, which were meant to imitate those performed by tribal societies when men initiated sfPN\^k2
boys into a deeply essential natural manhood. The movement emphasized the importance of /cen#pb
including multiple generations of men in the rituals, so that the men could learn about masculinity ^QQNJ
from those who were older and wiser. Characteristic of the early mythopoetic movement was a OwIy(ukTI
tendency to retell myths, legends and folktales, and engage in their exegesis as a tool for personal M>gZVB,eP>
insight. Using frequent references to archetypes as drawn from Jungiananalytical psychology, the }Q^a.`h
movement focused on issues of gender role, gender identity and wellness for the modern man (and O:p649A
woman). Advocates would often engage in storytelling with music, these acts being seen as a A":b_!sW
modern extension to a form of "new ageshamanism" popularized by Michael Harner at j4r,_lH^r
approximately the same time. The movement sought to empower men by means of equating g
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archetypal characters with their own emotions and abilities. For instance, Michael Messner V(uRKu
x
describes the concept of "Zeus energy" as emphasizing "male authority accepted for the good of the @5G7bY7Nz
community". Beliefs about the emotional system based in archetypes of great men, mythopoets I8;[DP9
sought to channel these characters in themselves, so that they could unleash their "animal-males". K.1yncS^
This group primarily analyzed the archetypes of King, Warrior, Magician, Lover and Wildman. =T4w:
As a self-help movement the mythopoetic movement tends not to take explicit stances on X
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political issues such as feminism, gay rights or family law (such as the issues of divorce, domestic !*UdY(
violence or child custody), preferring instead to stay focused on emotional and psychological 1 ZFSz
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well-being. Because of this neutrality, the movement became a site of social criticism by feminists, BQ0\+
and was often characterized as anti-intellectual as well as apolitical. Michael Messner once gave a
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speech at a gathering, in which he addressed the dangers of celebrating the warrior, as instances of S5a<L_
rape are higher in countries that glorify war. The mythopoets responded that they were not :]QxT8B
interested in intellectual or political pursuits, but were primarily concerned with conducting P$Ru NF
spiritual and emotional work. Additional feminist critique revolved around the movement's absence S]=Vr%irX
of women's perspectives, as well as the essentialism in the movement's teachings. gSYX @'Q!
Comprehension Questions: [V0 h9!
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21. The mythopoetic men's movement can best be understood as ________________. $Xc<K_Z
a. a men’s literary movement 4:g:$s|SE[
c. a men's rights movement D +""o"%
b. a men's liberation movement <t37DnCgI
d. a second-wave feminist movement (C@@e'e
22. The mythopoetic men's movement consists of groups of men who retreated from their female xR`2+t&t
loved ones in order to strive for ________________. f"^tOgGH
a. gay rights mDfWR
b. same-sex marriage ,m]q+
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c. masculinity pk1M.+
d. myths, legends and folktales ?='9YM
23. The idea that modernization has led to the feminization of men means that [Cp{i<C
_________________. nB&