2015吉林大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练 :/|"db&`
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the p@G7}'|eyA
United States by applying new social research findings on the %BGg?&
experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration |2q3spd
becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of mcez3gH
preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate 2DCQ5XewYe
propositions. +\Vm t[v
The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England vt#;j;liG
moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World *vaYI3{qN
was simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the colonies 3^y(@XFt
held little positive attraction for the English — they would rather )SmnLvL
have stayed home — by the eighteenth century people increasingly cFL~<
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migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of yc](
opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that f,HUr% @
used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a '}_r/l]K
typical New World community. For example, the economic and 92DM1~
*
demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably. "Q.*
Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns _nbr%PD,
prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as /d3Jd.l!
indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, lxL5Rit@Px
Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the .Fn|Okn^gr
driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial =5+*TL`
entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who WkTJ M
came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled L|'^P3#7`
P3_.U8g$r
laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers j!u)V1,
demanded skilled artisans. KrE'M
Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized I_J&>}V'
hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct EA& 3rI>U)
to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. i5 rkP`)j
But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, c$g@3gL
as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is LIZB!S@V \
true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never [oLV,O|s|j
matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, w_(3{P[Iz
where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished o<`hj&s
university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New ?
5C'9 V
England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions bNea5u##
developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North ~e{ @ 5.g
American culture. ,;)ZF
Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands :?t~|7O:
of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he !/zRw-q3B
fails to link their experience with the political development of the g*Y,.
United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might 6Z2 ,:j;
make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as qkb'@f=
slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American gYKz,$
employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time OK[J
h
they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their r"7n2
personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that f9D e!"*&
a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who AYts
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.JhQxXj
were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic. rpR${%jc
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iu jiu qi ba QQ: si jiu san san qi yi liu er liu ) TktH28tK
1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial North 1\.$=N
America is supported by information in the text? =CX1jrLZ
[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came %Tm*^
as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring ?e7]U*jEU
land. V2MOD{Maat
[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were xs$$fPAQ
more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans. [M?2axOC
[C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at {1W:@6tl
acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during YGp+[|'
the seventeenth century. +X}i%F'
[D] By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in
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more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers. i|YS>Pw~j
2. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to JxAQ,oOO
[A] give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political Cs'LrUB?=U
interdependence of the colonies and England. wp[Ug2;G
[B] describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic 7N.b-}$(
backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States. IK~&`n](>
[C] take advantage of social research on the experiences of -N *L1Zj
colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to JKfG/z|
acquire land. 6
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[D] relate the experience of the migrants to the political values x&}]8S)
that eventually shaped the character of the United States. ~E<2gMKjO
3. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s YO6BzS/~
evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition? 4zug9kFK
[A] It is totally implausible. R%E7 |NAG
[B] It is partially acceptable. 6%D9;-N)
[C] It is highly admirable. 5E:$\z;
[D] It is controversial though persuasive. eRauyL"Q+
4. According to the text, Bailyn and the author agree on which yU$MB,1
of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England? +/:tap|V
[A] High culture in New England never equaled the high culture 7ubz7
*
of England ~6vz2DuB=
[B] The cultural achievements of colonial New England have *Ak .KBg
generally been unrecognized by historians. ao(T81
[C] The colonists imitated the high culture of England, and did D$>_W ,*V
not develop a culture that was uniquely their own. {4"V)9o-1>
[D] The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high S63Zk0(25
culture of New England. ?b7\m":'
5. The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which
B.z$0=b
of the following statements about Bailyn’s work? 4<s.|W`
[A] Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North c:R?da
American culture. DwD$T%kF
[B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies ${Z0@G+
on Great Britain. 3v* ~CQy9
[C] Bailyn’s description of the colonies as part of an 0=d2_YzSf
h}b:-a
Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect. :<%bAn
[D] Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group V\~.
of migrants to colonial North America. `:/'")+@v
答案:DDBAA