2018考博英语阅读很大的难点在于生词无法知其意,这对解题时造成很大的障碍,freekaobo整理了考博英语阅读:根据五种构词法猜测词义的方法,希望对考博生们有所帮助。 .5AyB9a%&
英语构词法主要有以下五种: Z]^Ooy[pb
派生法 Derivation 'n$TJp|s
转化法 Conversion 5J vrQGvL
合成法 Compounding #)7THx/=
拼缀法 Blending &)Z!A*w]
首字母缩略法 Acronymizing 552yzn1
1. 派生法 Derivation MpCK/eiC
派生法: 由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新词。 %Bf;F;xuB
例如: uncontroversial, oversimplification, disqualify, reclaim, irrelevant <n|ayxA)
前缀: dis- , in- , im- , il- , ir- , re- , un- , non-, over-, etc. }j\_XaB
后缀: -able , -al , -an , -ful , -ive , -er , -ese , -ist , -ment , -ness , -tion , -fy , -ian , -ing , is(z)e , -ly , -teen , -ty , -th , -y , etc. ;jZfVRl
由前缀e- , cyber- , hyper-等构成的网络新词汇也层出不穷。如: sk>E(Myo
E-currency电子货币 &CcUr#|
E-paper 电子报 1RM@~I$0
cyberculture 网络文化 ?P>3~3 B
hyperterminal 超级终端的 W[4 V#&Z
2. 转化法 Conversion 8}_M1w6v
转化法:由某一词性转化成另一词性,其意义也会发生一定的变化。 P;7
Y9}
例如: <>?7veN92
Democratic delegates restored to their party platform Wednesday the position that Jerusalem is the capital of Israel, reversing a controversial omission that had angered some Jewish organizations and drew criticism from Republicans that President Obama was distancing the United States from its closest ally in the Middle East. 1Ax{Y#<
例文中的 “distance”用作动词,意为 “疏远,与……保持距离”。 24b?6^8~k
3. 合成法 Compounding p?idl`?^3
合成法:由两个或两个以上的单词组成一个新的单词。例如: {I^@BW-
blackboard, man-made, overthrow, spacecraft, output, time-out, borderline, underwrite, stock-market, debt-reduction , grassroots, get-tough-on-the-press strategy(对媒体采取强硬策略), get-rich-quick business model(快钱商业模式), government shutdown (政府停摆) }Y`D^z~
如今,英语中出现了web, net和virtual 构成的大量网络复合词。如: FA7q
pc
webTV 网络电视, netfiles 网络文件,virtualbox,etc.
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4. 拼綴法 Blending Fof
eQ
拼缀法:由两个词剪裁复合而成,既可使文字活泼,又可节省用词,在新闻英语里十分常见。 Q xm:5P
例如: #Et%s8{
robodocs = robot + doctor 机器医生(指远程用电脑行医) J]4pPDm
holidazed = holiday + dazed 节日忙得头脑发昏 f2.|[
autocide = automobile + suicide 撞车自杀 t;/s^-}
chunnel = channel+ tunnel 水底隧道 /]>8V'e\
smog = smoke+ fog 雾霾 5!jU i9
medicaid = medical+ aid 医疗救助 !HCuae3_
workfare = work+ welfare 劳动福利 ({!S!k
netizen = net+citizen 网民 `x:8m?q05
psywar = psychological + warfare 心理战 MfG8=H2#|
telex = teleprinter + exchanger 电传 kR/Etm5_
stagflation = stagnation + inflation 经济滞涨 reI4!,x
5. 首字母缩略法 Acronymizing F9Co m}
ISBN: International Standard Book Number 国际标准图书编号 'izv[{!n{
VIP: very important person 贵宾,大人物 :D:Y-cG*n<
A&E: accident and emergency 急诊科 %}[/lIxaE
ATM: automated teller machine 自动提款机 v7b+
BBC: British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司 0@>
CEO: chief executive officer 总裁, 首席执行官 ,"U|gJn|^
GDP: gross domestic product 国内生产总值 vB Vg/
GNP: gross national product 国民生产总值 iT=h}>
GP: general practitioner 全科医生 $Y?[[>u
GRE: Graduate Record Examination 研究生入学资格考试 K_GqM9
GPA: grade point average 各科成绩的平均积点分 3DOc,}nI~@
HKSAR: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 香港特别行政区 4Hq6nT/
ICU: intensive care unit 重症监护室 (nAg
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WHO: World Health Organization 世界卫生组织 [B@R(z=H