2018考博英语阅读很大的难点在于生词无法知其意,这对解题时造成很大的障碍,freekaobo整理了考博英语阅读:根据五种构词法猜测词义的方法,希望对考博生们有所帮助。 hzT{3YtY2
英语构词法主要有以下五种: Pl rkgS0J
派生法 Derivation
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转化法 Conversion oUJj5iu}
合成法 Compounding h4hN1<ky\
拼缀法 Blending =jg#fdM
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首字母缩略法 Acronymizing ,op]-CY5
1. 派生法 Derivation GVmC }>z
派生法: 由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新词。 ?S (im
例如: uncontroversial, oversimplification, disqualify, reclaim, irrelevant K0w<[CO
前缀: dis- , in- , im- , il- , ir- , re- , un- , non-, over-, etc. )E'Fke
后缀: -able , -al , -an , -ful , -ive , -er , -ese , -ist , -ment , -ness , -tion , -fy , -ian , -ing , is(z)e , -ly , -teen , -ty , -th , -y , etc. $> "J"IX
由前缀e- , cyber- , hyper-等构成的网络新词汇也层出不穷。如: T
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E-currency电子货币 a}:A, t<6
E-paper 电子报 Z[",$Lt
cyberculture 网络文化 x(L(l=^"
hyperterminal 超级终端的 WtEI] WO
2. 转化法 Conversion nz4<pv
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转化法:由某一词性转化成另一词性,其意义也会发生一定的变化。 s}6+8 fE"
例如: +7,8w
Democratic delegates restored to their party platform Wednesday the position that Jerusalem is the capital of Israel, reversing a controversial omission that had angered some Jewish organizations and drew criticism from Republicans that President Obama was distancing the United States from its closest ally in the Middle East. b2N6L2~V
例文中的 “distance”用作动词,意为 “疏远,与……保持距离”。 ev9;Ld
3. 合成法 Compounding HF"Eys
合成法:由两个或两个以上的单词组成一个新的单词。例如: 6+.>5e
blackboard, man-made, overthrow, spacecraft, output, time-out, borderline, underwrite, stock-market, debt-reduction , grassroots, get-tough-on-the-press strategy(对媒体采取强硬策略), get-rich-quick business model(快钱商业模式), government shutdown (政府停摆) G6ayMw]OF
如今,英语中出现了web, net和virtual 构成的大量网络复合词。如: {Fbg]'FQ
webTV 网络电视, netfiles 网络文件,virtualbox,etc. kw*)/$5]
4. 拼綴法 Blending R (G2qi
拼缀法:由两个词剪裁复合而成,既可使文字活泼,又可节省用词,在新闻英语里十分常见。 ebqg"tPN{
例如: l^\(ss0~
robodocs = robot + doctor 机器医生(指远程用电脑行医) bmu6@jT
holidazed = holiday + dazed 节日忙得头脑发昏 /
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autocide = automobile + suicide 撞车自杀 B`fH^N
chunnel = channel+ tunnel 水底隧道 x?#I4RJH;
smog = smoke+ fog 雾霾 t8QRi!\=
medicaid = medical+ aid 医疗救助 nZfs=@w:y
workfare = work+ welfare 劳动福利 .20V
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netizen = net+citizen 网民 zJ+3g!
psywar = psychological + warfare 心理战 l
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telex = teleprinter + exchanger 电传 XVt/qb%)r
stagflation = stagnation + inflation 经济滞涨 ldGojnS
5. 首字母缩略法 Acronymizing ^"9*
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ISBN: International Standard Book Number 国际标准图书编号 re^Hc(8M
VIP: very important person 贵宾,大人物 {CtR+4KD
A&E: accident and emergency 急诊科 !SO8O
ATM: automated teller machine 自动提款机 !nd*W"_gQ/
BBC: British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司 @5.e@]>ZM
CEO: chief executive officer 总裁, 首席执行官 ZtK\HDdp
GDP: gross domestic product 国内生产总值 n2{SV
GNP: gross national product 国民生产总值 [84F09HU
GP: general practitioner 全科医生 glE^t6)
GRE: Graduate Record Examination 研究生入学资格考试 =bLY
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GPA: grade point average 各科成绩的平均积点分 Z
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HKSAR: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 香港特别行政区 6?qDdVR~]
ICU: intensive care unit 重症监护室 s
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WHO: World Health Organization 世界卫生组织 =Q<L
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