英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下: gRqz8UI
倍数增加 =:0(&NCRq
(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①). vCmh3TQ
A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②). "Q
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A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③). G
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以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. w6yeX<!ll
Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,threetimes the length of )that one. ``z="oD
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 Q?;ntzi
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 0ND
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(二)increase to n times(④). He*L"VpWv
increase n times/n-fold(⑤). a$|u!_)!h
increase by n times(⑥). 52 A=c1kb
increase by a factor of n(⑦). ZT8j9zs
以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 X5yh S
Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three timesas compared with last year. >k jJq]A2
集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。 ;lEiOF+d
Eg. The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as againstl986. [eN{Ft0x
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。
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Eg. That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. h
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那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 e_;6UZ+
Eg. The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. .KS
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漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 M:$nL
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 ]z%9Q8q'
(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧)应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式: }>:X|4]
Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. F{+`F<r
据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。 /km3L7L%R
(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨). sJlKN
Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. lTP02|eK
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 ATHz~a
(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: }{y$$X<:
A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as . ?rDwYG(u]@
B.(⑩) >KFJ1}b|3
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。 Uy:.m
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B. UXJl;Mb
「= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.」(11). CQ[-Cp7
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 WGx>{'LJ