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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 n4Q ^   
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考点一 最高级的形式 =a_ >")  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: t``q_!s}F  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; K\^S>dV  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive :z%q09.)  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. p2(Z(V7*  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. y3@5~4+  
例题: ~>>^7oq  
(1) ')KuLVE}S  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular l !:kwF  
    A                          B Fz@9 @  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. AkVgFQg" n  
 C          D nm]m!.$d  
答案:A iO{LsG*5Z  
应改为:easiest. &[y+WrGG  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 j4}Q  
二、没有等级的形容词 t`E e/L%  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 o'|B|oZ  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: Q4F&#^02y  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 I)q"M]~  
例题: j},3@TFh  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. |?4NlB6  
(A) most unique #.@-ng6C  
(B) unique V3q [ $~9  
(C) least unique w7b\?]}@  
(D)very unique yVgHu#?PM  
答案: B F $1f8U8  
u Fn?U)  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 Nf)$K'/  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: :r9<wbr)k0  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant dK>sHUu  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: Q+ZZwqyxD  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience a6\`r^@  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 1G )I|v9R  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. 40}7O<9*  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. !TO+[g!  
例题: L wn  
(1) r0*Y~ KHw  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. S ^$!n,  
  A  B         C              D 4))N(m%3F  
答案: D m}6Jdt'|  
应改为: form the largest U'@ ![Fp  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the B_ bZa  
K%1`LT5:~  
考点三 范围词 izs=5  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 /[E2+g  
例题: Y=t ? "E  
(1) "r1 !hfIYf  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to nf1O8FwRb  
            A            B        [9G=x[  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. i6<uj  
         C    D 5= T$h;O  
答案:C } 42Hhu7j  
应改为:longest. _|T{2LvwT  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 y?U@F/^}N  
考点四 most的其他用法 F)4I70vG  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: f3S 8~!  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: NY|hE@{2.  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; (4?^X  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists X ]W)D S  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: _]-8gr-T  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal uQ|LkL%< ^  
例题: -*Tf.c  
(1) 6TTu[*0NT  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. Y% JE} )  
   A        B   C     D (:F]@vT  
答案:A r+h%a~A#>  
应改为:Most R!yh0y}Z  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. +~ Hb}0ry  
(2) ?|WoNA~j}`  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds ||fw!8E  
   A       B              C ?PqkC&o[q  
 of other cereal plants. -2!S>P Zs  
  D !Z |_3  
答案:A yf!7 Q>_G^  
应改为:most. mZc;n.$U  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 S=lCzL;j"  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 V8nQ/9R;  
< Np Mv!g  
the end. Ook\CK*nKe  
第三章 副词 ]f?r@U'AS|  
Ph%ylS/T{  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 (+;D~iN`k  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 EpKZ.lCU  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 QH4m7M@ni  
5z9hcQAS  
第一节 副词修饰动词 U, 7  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 ("ix!\1K@  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) ezbk@no  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) R-dv$z0  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) a%BC{XX  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 b;d7mh 4  
例题: $xdo=4;|  
(1) @%2crJnkS  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the p/Q< VV  
             A        B    C wBg?-ji3<  
 1870's or thereabouts. &Ep$<kx8  
      D OmZZTeGg1s  
答案:C R[6R)#o  
应改为:commercially -6uLww=w4  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 ME]7e^  
(2) ROfV Y:,M  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. -c1-vGW/  
(A) facially i <gt`UCO  
(B) their faces I urz?dt4w  
(C) having facial 42hG }Gt  
(D) they had faces !Sy9v  
答案:A CdCY#$Z  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 *c/|/  
9Z=hg[`]<  
第二节 程度副词much等 CE  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. *gGw/jA/  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. QD^=;!  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 --TH6j"  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; h82y9($cZ  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, +/n]9l]#h  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; ? N]bFW"t|  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) bT9:9LP  
例题: ^mI`P}5Y  
(1) `LIlR8&@aX  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. d3?gh[$  
   A    B   C    D /i Xl] <  
答案:C r z@%rOWV  
应改为:much faster cw~GH  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much R*LPwJuv  
(2) 9S'\&mRl  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm s%> u[-9U  
        A                 B Kb5}M/8  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. {B AZ`I  
          C     D C`3fM05g  
答案:B C;70,!3  
应改为:more. k^k1>F}yx  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant #v BSg  
(3) ,<OS: ]  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals _A]~`/0;`  
         A          B      C ;lTgihW-  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. }zeKf/?'  
            D X)[QEq^  
考点:程度副词 e<Oz%  
答案:D Uf[Gs/!NV  
应改为:still more /h&>tYVio  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, ,Qe`(vU*s  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 !:g\Fe]  
(4) .N#grk)C  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a <("P5@cExU  
        A      B          C      D ju"j?2+F  
swan's. 9'p pb  
考点:程度副词 [vCZD8"Y8  
答案:A u C`)?f*I  
应改为:little =OA7$z[  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little jin ?;v  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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