第三节 最高级 b/ h,qv
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考点一 最高级的形式 c-!rJHL`
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: T@uY6))>F
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; Funep[rA
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive !dYkvoQNn
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. DF/p{s1Y3
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. Qi#%&Jz>f
例题: @!&\Z[",
(1) {n=)<w
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular qC40/1-m8K
A B I|,^a|\
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. ' D+h_*H
C D d>}pz
答案:A IY?[ 0
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应改为:easiest. &!vJ3:
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 }kdYR#{s
二、没有等级的形容词 qi_[@da f?
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 7-.YVM~R
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: ngj=w;7~+
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 \1hbCv$Hf
例题: <ZxxlJS)6
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature.
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(A) most unique ',?
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(B) unique ttuQ,SD
(C) least unique nVko]y
(D)very unique T>e!DOW;
答案: B
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 ;ajCnSmR
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: vF0#]
the most important thing, the biggest elephant jt?4raNW
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: Lz's!b
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience >{p&_u.r-
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 I3]-$
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. F0W4B
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. h`X)sC+
例题: "i_I<?aGB
(1) 3
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Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. Y
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A B C D 5A
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答案: D u9My.u@-*%
应改为: form the largest "{1`~pDj?
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the kIhP 73M
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考点三 范围词 S7]\tw_L)
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 L)W1bW}
例题: g"aWt%
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(1) ~sj'GEhEg
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to JoeU J3N
A B dCv@l7hE
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. gsFyZ
C D 3<.]+ukm
答案:C )@+lfIE(l
应改为:longest. ATx6YP@7~
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 yN}upYxp
考点四 most的其他用法 gq9IJ
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: !lQGoXQ'4
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: ML@-@BaN
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; !kCMw%[
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists wMFo8;L
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: 4Ufx,]
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal |m{Q_zAB
例题: K5l#dl_T
(1) :lf;CT6$
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. Ip c2Qsa
A B C D $p_FrN{
答案:A Xc)V;1
应改为:Most WOqAVd\
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. x1H?e8
(2) hv "
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The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds %1f, 8BM
A B C iV+'p->/
of other cereal plants. iMgfF_r
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答案:A g~q+a-
应改为:most. ;VQFz&Q$u
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 _PTo!aJL
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 #$\cRLPg
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the end. Zmx[u_NG
第三章 副词 7lP3\7wD@9
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 R<r"jOd]
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 T9
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副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 >z=_V|^$
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第一节 副词修饰动词 @G/':N
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 ,gU%%>-_~w
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) ,+p&ZpH
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) !U02>X
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) >$.u|a
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 Lh=~3
例题: 47Y|1
(1) d6lhA 7
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the qZ!1>`B
A B C {$iJYS\
1870's or thereabouts. %iPu51+=
D ?Y"bt^4j
答案:C =goZI6 7
应改为:commercially "?j|;p@!>
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 lY}mrb
(2) H*QN/
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According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. oH+UuP2a-J
(A) facially 3)f=Z2U>
(B) their faces FV/xp}nz
(C) having facial A>L(#lz#ek
(D) they had faces z(<
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答案:A ;>=hQC{f>
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 +DKrX
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第二节 程度副词much等 DT&[W<oN
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. '4sT+q
She's not a bit more rational than you were. |PN-,f{ -
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 +!POKr
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; Y,D\_il_
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, M
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比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; {CH\TmSz
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) X_
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例题: p)ZlQ.d#Y
(1) *Oz5I
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. zJ9ZqC]
A B C D :yT~.AK}>1
答案:C v03~=(
应改为:much faster j~DoMP5Ls
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much ! #
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(2) U7crbj;c)d
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm 81W})q8
A B Q\=u2}/z0
regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. >\DXA)nc
C D Q
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答案:B M/V
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应改为:more.
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解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant c<&+[{|
(3) 5!nZvv
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals HTqik w5X
A B C xC;$/u%'
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. )%j)*Ymz;
D XVv7W5/q]
考点:程度副词 &\p:VF.
答案:D C)C;U&Qd
应改为:still more =m/2)R{
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, ?tA-`\E
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 q',a7Tf:
(4) d'3'{C|kk
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a Rkm7"dO0
A B C D gwqK`ww
swan's. gdG:
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考点:程度副词 $!vi:+ED
答案:A /Cg/Rwl
应改为:little (/KF;J^M
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little 57MoO
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅