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主题 : 语法3(未完 )
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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 b/ h,qv  
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考点一 最高级的形式 c-!rJHL`  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: T@uY6))>F  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; Funep[rA  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive !dYkvoQNn  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. DF/p{s1Y3  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. Q i#%&Jz>f  
例题: @!&\Z[",  
(1) {n=)<w  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular qC40/1-m8K  
    A                          B I|,^a|\  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. ' D+h_*H  
 C          D  d>}pz  
答案:A IY?[0 S  
应改为:easiest. &!vJ3:  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 }kdYR#{s  
二、没有等级的形容词 qi_[@da f?  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 7-.Y VM~R  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: ngj=w;7~+  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 \1hbCv$Hf  
例题: <ZxxlJS)6  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature.  ;?1H&  
(A) most unique ',? v7&  
(B) unique ttuQ ,SD  
(C) least unique nV ko]y  
(D)very unique T>e!DOW;  
答案: B  @T  
|X k'd@<  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 ;ajCnSmR  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: vF0#]  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant jt?4raNW  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: Lz's!b  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience >{p&_u.r-  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 I3]-$  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. F0W4B  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. h`X)sC+  
例题: "i_I<?aGB  
(1) 3 HOJCgit  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. Y m=ihQ|  
  A  B         C              D 5A oKlJrY  
答案: D u9My.u@-*%  
应改为: form the largest "{1`~pDj?  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the kIhP 73M  
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考点三 范围词 S7]\tw_L)  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 L)W1bW}  
例题: g"aWt% P  
(1) ~sj'GEhEg  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to JoeU J3N  
            A            B        dCv@l7hE  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. gsFyZ  
         C    D 3<.]+ukm  
答案:C )@+lfIE(l  
应改为:longest. ATx6YP@7~  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 yN}upYxp  
考点四 most的其他用法 gq9IJ  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: !lQGoXQ'4  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: ML@-@BaN  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; !kCMw%[  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists wMFo8;L  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: 4Ufx,]  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal |m{Q_zAB  
例题: K5l#dl_T  
(1) :lf;C T6$  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. Ip c2Qsa  
   A        B   C     D $p_FrN{  
答案:A Xc)V;1  
应改为:Most WOqAVd\  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. x1H?e8  
(2) hv" 'DP  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds % 1f, 8BM  
   A       B              C iV+'p->/  
 of other cereal plants. iMgfF_r  
  D Y)D~@|D ,  
答案:A g~q+a-  
应改为:most. ;VQFz&Q$u  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 _PTo !aJL  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 #$\cRLPg  
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the end. Zmx[u_NG  
第三章 副词 7lP3\7wD@9  
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 R<r"jOd]  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 T9 @^@l$  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 >z=_V|^$  
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第一节 副词修饰动词 @G/':N   
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 ,gU%%>-_~w  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) ,+p&ZpH  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) !U02>X   
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) >$.u|a  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 Lh=~3  
例题: 47Y| 1  
(1) d6lhA7  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the qZ!1>`B  
             A        B    C {$iJYS\  
 1870's or thereabouts. %iPu51+=  
      D ?Y"bt^4j  
答案:C =goZI67  
应改为:commercially "?j|;p@!>  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 lY}mrb  
(2) H*QN/ {|RU  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. oH+UuP2a-J  
(A) facially 3 )f=Z2U>  
(B) their faces FV/xp}nz  
(C) having facial A>L(#lz#ek  
(D) they had faces z(< E %  
答案:A ;>=hQC{f>  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 +DKrX  
F~d !Ub$>  
第二节 程度副词much等 DT&[W<oN  
, IUMH]D  
程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. '4sT+q  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. |PN-,f{-  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 +!POKr  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; Y,D\_il_  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, M O5fu!  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; {CH\TmSz  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) X_ >B7(k   
例题: p)ZlQ.d#Y  
(1) *Oz5I  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. zJ9ZqC]  
   A    B   C    D :yT~.AK}>1  
答案:C v03~=(  
应改为:much faster j~DoMP5Ls  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much ! # tRl  
(2) U7crbj;c)d  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm 81W})q8  
        A                 B Q\=u2}/z0  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. >\DXA)nc  
          C     D Q X@&~  
答案:B M/V >25`  
应改为:more. =hl-c  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant c<&+[{|  
(3) 5!nZvv  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals HTqikw5X  
         A          B      C xC;$/u%'  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. )%j)*Ymz;  
            D XVv7W5/q]  
考点:程度副词 &\p :VF.  
答案:D C)C;U&Qd  
应改为:still more =m/2)R{  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, ?tA- `\E  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 q',a7Tf:  
(4) d'3'{C|kk  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a Rkm7"dO0  
        A      B          C      D gwqK`ww  
swan's. gdG: &{|x  
考点:程度副词 $!vi:+ED  
答案:A /Cg/Rwl  
应改为:little (/KF;J^M  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little 57MoO  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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