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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 Se>v|6  
#lF 2q w  
考点一 最高级的形式 IGo+O*dMw  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: _+}f@&"  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; @ X5#?  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive sU/vXweky"  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. " Rn@yZV  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. bd[iD?epD]  
例题: >]kZ2gVt  
(1) 68~5Dx  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular f/U~X;  
    A                          B "8E=*2fcw  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. dRUmC H  
 C          D $F6GCM3Cx  
答案:A ?O0,)hro  
应改为:easiest. HBA|NV3.  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 +ZkJ{r0,(  
二、没有等级的形容词 % -.V6}V  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 v)nBp\fjxp  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: &D&U!3~(  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 <3x:nH @  
例题: <ka zV<"  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. 4wx{i6  
(A) most unique i]& >+R<6  
(B) unique =FQH5iSd  
(C) least unique EmyE%$*T  
(D)very unique g FXz:!A  
答案: B ]2_=(N\Kt  
cDz^jC   
考点二 最高级前的限定词 67U6`9d  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: me90|GOx+  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant iKv"200h(  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: gCbS$Pw  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience vZPBjloT!.  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 W)L*zVj~  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. hb1eEn  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. g O/\Yi  
例题: biRkq c;  
(1) W9S6 SO^\  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. (/ -90u  
  A  B         C              D EIF  
答案: D 1JV-X G6  
应改为: form the largest |<%v`*  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the  }- wK  
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考点三 范围词 Ao\Im(?  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 *DvQnj  
例题: onm" 7JsO'  
(1) 7tne/Yz  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to a'O-0]g,  
            A            B        w8zr0z  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. TgKSE1  
         C    D a3,A_M}M'  
答案:C UK)wV  
应改为:longest. t_+owiF)M  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 7/iN`3Bz  
考点四 most的其他用法 (Dn1Eov  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: Q x&7Ceu"  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: =h.` ey  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; PJ,G_+b!  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists ux)Wh.5  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: *\*]:BIe&v  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal a%`L+b5-$  
例题: 2nCHL '8N  
(1) D`U,T& @  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. Ml/K~H tN  
   A        B   C     D C8=rsh  
答案:A l~[ K.p&  
应改为:Most tH:?aP*2  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. 5acC4v!T  
(2) O2xqNQ`d  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds (%G>TV  
   A       B              C JURg=r]LI  
 of other cereal plants. 99n; %W>  
  D g!i45]6[Nw  
答案:A IDdu2HNu  
应改为:most. O%<+&Q7  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 +e#(p<  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 h7S; 4]  
TN/&^/  
the end. -CALU X  
第三章 副词 D'Uc?2X,&  
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 Z/;hbbG  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 n.,ZgLx["  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 Psm9hP :m  
m"o=R\C  
第一节 副词修饰动词 }IQ![T5  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 r^S o qom3  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) @f -rS{  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) z; >O5 a>z  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) $>Gf;k  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 >f;oY9 {m  
例题: R G/P]  
(1) }( WUZ^L  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the o+\?E.%%g  
             A        B    C fUJe{C<H  
 1870's or thereabouts. Eb8z`@p  
      D luz,z( v  
答案:C ~\zIb/ #  
应改为:commercially oJI+c+e"  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 7f~7vydZ}  
(2) ?MiMwVR  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. -Q1~lN m:  
(A) facially vY,]f^F"  
(B) their faces prxmDI   
(C) having facial ^ .Q/iXgh  
(D) they had faces |^GN<y^cn  
答案:A /jOug>s  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 ry4: i4/[  
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第二节 程度副词much等 mPi{:  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now.  TJb&f<  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. D&8*4>  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 &MP8.( u `  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; n\YWWW[wf  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, _\FA}d@N  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; 4$v08z Z  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) VHU,G+ms  
例题: vu)V:y  
(1) nZUBblRJ)  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. i(<do "Am<  
   A    B   C    D Yc V*3`  
答案:C H3o Um1  
应改为:much faster %C*h/AW)'  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much o=do L{ #  
(2) [2ZZPY9?Q  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm $RV'DQO  
        A                 B `)eqTeW  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. qL68/7:A  
          C     D Z9 tjo1X  
答案:B _{'HY+M  
应改为:more. Nc :>]  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant V9kL\Ys  
(3) nc%ly *  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals 4 5\%2un  
         A          B      C LP:C9 Ol\  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. 4*9:   
            D c1p *}T  
考点:程度副词 20H$9M=}  
答案:D uia-w^F e  
应改为:still more n,N KJ t  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, #x|h@(y|  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 g4^df%)&  
(4) g&"__~dS-F  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a ~?n)1Vr|  
        A      B          C      D htGk:  
swan's. 9 &~Rj 9  
考点:程度副词 ,kKMUshBi  
答案:A =<,AzuV  
应改为:little SD^6ib/]b  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little ?5!>k^q  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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