第三节 最高级 )p 2kx
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考点一 最高级的形式 *GD?d2.6j
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: jo/-'Lf{?
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; )nQA) uz
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive |h4aJv
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. X
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TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. ``DS?pUY
例题: HvLvSy1U
(1) CM|?;PBuv
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular @WED
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A B z^'3f!:3
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. 1#/>[B
C D wak_^8x
答案:A B=8],_
应改为:easiest. PS7ta?V
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解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 1<IF@__
二、没有等级的形容词 R9xhO!
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 68
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有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: $qO%lJ:
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 {$5?[KD
例题: cdY|z]B
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. FX}kH ]
(A) most unique rlV:%
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(B) unique Vz[tgb]-
(C) least unique c%tb6@C
(D)very unique aGSix}b1P
答案: B #k?uY
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 &BxDS
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(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: p^J=*jm)x
the most important thing, the biggest elephant \7]0vG
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: zp.-=)D4e
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience :Q]P=-Y8
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 (t[sSl
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. T%q@jv{c
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. VO
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例题: Q> d<4]`
(1) |tn.ZEgw3~
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. 2;2FyKF (
A B C D \%BII>VS
答案: D ,9~=yC
应改为: form the largest b';oFUU>Q
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the ;+;%s D
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考点三 范围词 y).dw(
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 H"5=z7w
例题: -F7P$/9
(1) ;]vJ[mi~
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to cZR9rnZT
A B ,::f?
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Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. v{r,Wy3
C D OrPi ("/
答案:C jCp^CNbA
应改为:longest. T;C0t9Yew
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 )i/x%^ca$
考点四 most的其他用法 Bcl6n@{2f
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: SX1w5+p$C
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: as^!c!
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; ;Z 6ngS
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists +wIv|zj9
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: }'u0Q6Obj
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal AGGNJ4m
例题: B%(-UTQf
(1) PblO?@~O
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. wA< Fw
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A B C D |C`.m|
答案:A
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应改为:Most }AGdWt@
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. ZTzh[2u*
(2) dV7~C@k6k8
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds j|owU
A B C !SAR/sdXf
of other cereal plants. qr'P0+|~5
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答案:A }J+\o~
应改为:most. oGKk2oP
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 Dssecc'
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 d9pZg=$8
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the end. ;%mYsQ
第三章 副词 ->*'Y;t4
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 0oPcZ""X]
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 ZnZ`/zNO
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 hZ~\Z
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第一节 副词修饰动词 859ID8F
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 A5kz(pj
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) ^k}%k#)
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) +ieRpVg
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) I3" GGp3L
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 p?Jx2(%m
例题: j7v?NY
(1) {N`<THPP
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the F8O
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A B C `%Jq^uW
1870's or thereabouts. 0})mCVBY
D -eQ70BXvB
答案:C gFAtIx4
应改为:commercially C?fa-i0l^
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 lbnH|;`$]m
(2) {/K_NSg+h
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. B,avI&7M;S
(A) facially B<6Ye9zuG
(B) their faces ylPDM7Ka
(C) having facial !)+8:8H'
(D) they had faces k/mO(i%qi
答案:A
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解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 tp?<
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第二节 程度副词much等 RqE|h6/
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. < (<IRCR
She's not a bit more rational than you were. t Zqy
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注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 1k?k{Ri
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; @-G^Jm9~\m
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, PA<<{\dp
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; `2.2; Vk
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) #0gwN2Nv"L
例题: z[bS
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(1) fsH=2p
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. 4Y:[YlfD.
A B C D P8=!/L2?
答案:C Kt\#|-{CH-
应改为:much faster 1@vlbgLr@
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much Ed +"F{!eQ
(2) M8}t`q[-&
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm (S=RFd
A B eh5j
regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. 41Htsj
C D WZ]f \S
答案:B qmWn$,ax
应改为:more. U-0A}@N
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant NsY D~n
(3) N6wCCXd
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals Gn7P` t*.
A B C oo{3-+ ?
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. TE!+G\@
D g7 r_jj%ow
考点:程度副词 TEY n^/n~
答案:D r}]%(D](v
应改为:still more Vim*4^[#L
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, y_e$W3bON,
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 %pk'YA{M)q
(4) -=)Al^V4T
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a 5B76D12
A B C D 7\xGMC
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swan's. Nt5`F@;B
考点:程度副词 aF
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答案:A zXRq) ;s
应改为:little FC BsC#
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little G&LOjd2
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅