第三节 最高级 HDEG/k/~m
IBqY$K+l
考点一 最高级的形式 e?YbG.(E9
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: j[fQs,efK
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; e!yw"Cf*
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive 6:,^CI|@t
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. 64lEB>VNm
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. OGFKc#
例题: =F&RQ}$
(1) f*],j
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular kut|A
A B ]KeNC)R
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. Lm|X5RVq
C D C6w{"[Wv=X
答案:A <<6w9wNon
应改为:easiest. +][P*/ Ek
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 Z-|C{1}A
二、没有等级的形容词 ^rwSbM$
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 X t =bc
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: 5@$4.BGcF
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 zfb _ )
例题: 05B+WJ1
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. 3.X0!M;x
(A) most unique YSo7~^1W"
(B) unique Ra5'x)m36)
(C) least unique %wW5)Y I
(D)very unique /zf>>O`
答案: B J~3T8e#
lzG;F]
考点二 最高级前的限定词 c)MR+'d\WO
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: _a$DY,;
the most important thing, the biggest elephant
2j7d$y*'
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: V2{#<d-T!
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience rJZs
5g`
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 7/_ VE
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. /}`/i(k
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. nFn
F_
例题: Sn2Ds)Pfx3
(1) gH^$Y~Lx
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. 6BU0hV
A B C D ](>7h_2B
答案: D ~}-p5 q2
应改为: form the largest y
F5
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the P^3m:bE]
0t
COb9
考点三 范围词 h2"|tTm,a
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 GGc_9?h
例题: s i"`
(1) >!Ap/{2
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to ))IgB).3M
A B J`+`Kq1T
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. +# RlX3P
C D O:,2OMB}B`
答案:C Ukx/jNyYv
应改为:longest. LPapD@Z
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 X(!AI|6Bt
考点四 most的其他用法 *]m kyAhi
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: +(<n |~
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: +f\pk \Ith
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; TDl!qp @
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists lbKv
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: Q"OV>kl k
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal |
or 8d>,
例题: ?)?IZ Qj
(1) h
\=p=
M
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. hsHVX[<5`
A B C D 2H?I'<NoC
答案:A Q(=Vk~v
应改为:Most B:3+',i1
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. ^_*jp[!`b$
(2) @ate49W
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds u=@h`5-fp
A B C
{t844La"
of other cereal plants. /<(*/P,>
D Gd30Be2gd
答案:A >/TB_ykb
应改为:most. 85r)>aCMn
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 c&7Do}
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 Y )u_nn'[
g.[+yzuE6
the end. -1jjB1
第三章 副词 j+_S$T8w
Z:#.;wA
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 *.kj]BoO
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 ,U6*kvHS6
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 Sk8%(JD7
Z|2Eb*
第一节 副词修饰动词 0zeUP{MQ
IXGW2z;
修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 (bg}an
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) g~~m'^
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) HA$Y1}
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) mWNR( ()v
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 }Q/G
&F
例题: |n+#1_t%
(1) $GQphXb$
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the >HE,'
A B C %/P=
m-K
1870's or thereabouts. j.
_G7z/LJ
D |}Q( F+cL
答案:C s>T`l
应改为:commercially GA.BI"l
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 ]x1p!TSU
(2) $9G3LgcS
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. DYX-5~;!
(A) facially iDZrK%fl
(B) their faces 8G
Y.){d!l
(C) having facial iu+3,]7Fm
(D) they had faces p:B
]Ft
答案:A 6{Ks`Af
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 9J?W '8s5
w5,6$#
第二节 程度副词much等 7UnzIe
V7P6zAJy
程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. N*f^Z#B]
She's not a bit more rational than you were. &RWM<6JP
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 @.k5MOn
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; a
RX
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, e[
}],W
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; Z9xR
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) 7gm:ZS
例题: ' X}7]y
(1) qp\BV #E
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. u%xDsTDP
A B C D LP ,9<&"<
答案:C v~}5u
5$O
应改为:much faster '6X
%=f'^b
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much Q3,=~}ZNK
(2) Q<yAT(w
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm !y%+GwoW
A B _jmkl
B
regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. O~6Q;q P
C D AFm,CINa
答案:B =53bLzr
应改为:more. "XhOsMJ
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant U{}!y3[wK
(3) "J!}3)n
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals GmbIFOT~
A B C ec?V[v
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. }/p/pVz
D %[ /<+
考点:程度副词 zKxvN3!
答案:D 1ef'7a7e8
应改为:still more AW/wI6[T
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, -`Q}tg>cT
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 VgMP^&/gZ
(4) > :Ze4}(
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a ?PH/?QP
A B C D 5m7b\Mak
swan's. W2eAhz&
考点:程度副词 7~b!4x|Z
答案:A ],[)uTZc
应改为:little JUQg 'D
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little s4$X
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅