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主题 : 语法3(未完 )
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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 zHX7%x,Cq  
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考点一 最高级的形式 <{cf'"O7)  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: l+#uQo6cqQ  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; !BjJ5m  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive u#+Is4Vh  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. -KL5sK  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. q\G7T{t$.  
例题: Tl L,dPM  
(1) XD%GNZ  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular ^@ Xzh:  
    A                          B ew&"n2r  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. MmQk@~  
 C          D Sg< B+u\\  
答案:A zwJ\F '  
应改为:easiest. Hy b_> n  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 !>:]k?$b  
二、没有等级的形容词 bAEwjZ  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 bh+m_$X~  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: hm0MO,i"  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 ~Kt2g\BSok  
例题: ,7)z avA  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. m$VCCDv  
(A) most unique @CS%=tE}U  
(B) unique ?>NX}~2cf  
(C) least unique U U3o (Yq  
(D)very unique p@eW*tE  
答案: B ),lE8A{ H  
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 $mxl&Qr>Q;  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: v,Z?pYYo  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant WO*dO9O  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: >]x%+@{|  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience ,4r 4 <  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 y>c Yw!  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. "}b/[U@>  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. h7PIF*7m e  
例题: w& )ApfL  
(1) L0 *f( H  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. tlgg~MViS  
  A  B         C              D 1aezlDc*  
答案: D SP4(yJy&  
应改为: form the largest YoSBS   
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the <m*j1|^{t  
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考点三 范围词 :Aj[#4-=   
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 G@U}4' V9  
例题: gR wRhA/  
(1) ,7;euV5X  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to vofBS   
            A            B        UPkc-^BN  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. I.p"8I;  
         C    D T+>W(w i  
答案:C JykNEMB#  
应改为:longest. )Ut9k  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 Ci?RuZ"  
考点四 most的其他用法 1~S'' [  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: 54Vb[;`Kkb  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: 1%7zCM0s  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; ]:Pkh./  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists c@$W]o"A  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: G5UNW<P2C  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal R.rE+gxO1  
例题: Q7_#k66gb7  
(1) C^!~WFy  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. BLb'7`t  
   A        B   C     D *enT2Q  
答案:A "F?p Y@4  
应改为:Most E#\'$@8j  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. &7KX`%K"D  
(2) ZSn6JV'g  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds X`7O%HiX/`  
   A       B              C MaP-   
 of other cereal plants. <H|]^An!H  
  D T 8Ye+eP}  
答案:A 2 '8I/>-  
应改为:most. V# JuNJ  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 (n2=.9k!  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 , 1il&  
A{gniYqvB`  
the end. C{YTHN n  
第三章 副词 _:G>bU/^  
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 2l+t-  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 G4"[ynlWV  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 ^Fwdi#g  
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第一节 副词修饰动词 3MoVIf1  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 |w.5*]?H  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) Bacmrf  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) HG)h,&nc-  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) k'K 1zUBj  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 ,sn 9&E  
例题: I_ na^s h*  
(1) 'l._00yu  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the ?YnB:z*eV  
             A        B    C DC =XPn/V  
 1870's or thereabouts. vVH*\&H\T  
      D Oyy E0  
答案:C BtKbX)R$J  
应改为:commercially <is%lx(GDX  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 :JzJ(q/  
(2) A@n//AZM  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. d0-T\\U  
(A) facially f/g-b]0  
(B) their faces mA6Nmq%{ F  
(C) having facial ASaNac-3  
(D) they had faces ]ru U X  
答案:A ~ tqDh(  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 t+n+_X  
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第二节 程度副词much等 CI@qT}Y_  
w(nQ:;oC  
程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. ;r3|EA35  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. (J`E C  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级  Ml9  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; ~9dAoILrl  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, Eb9{  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; 9d&}CZr  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) rfhvdwwD  
例题: %ysf FE  
(1) TS;?>J-  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. z |i2M8  
   A    B   C    D nWv6I&  
答案:C Be2yS]U  
应改为:much faster Qb&gKQtt@  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much )` 90*  
(2) %B-m- =gz  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm bGa "r  
        A                 B HDT-f9%}<4  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. %Dm:|><V$b  
          C     D S#^-VZ~U4x  
答案:B BH`GUIk  
应改为:more. dE|luN~  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant - XARew  
(3) @2)ImgK[  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals q. NvwJ  
         A          B      C M[,G#GO  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. vP{;'R  
            D 9EKc{1 z  
考点:程度副词 gVI2{\a  
答案:D L64cCP*  
应改为:still more V-TWC@Y"  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, B5fF\N^  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 y]TNjLpo$  
(4) e&J_uG  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a m kHcGB!~  
        A      B          C      D It3.  
swan's. q X>\*@  
考点:程度副词 [p[C45d=<  
答案:A Qv>rww]  
应改为:little Vm <9/UG<  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little 5D%gDw+"  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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