第三节 最高级 zHX7%x,Cq
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考点一 最高级的形式 <{cf'"O7 )
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: l+#uQo6cqQ
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; !BjJ5m
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive u#+Is4Vh
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. -KL5sK
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. q\G7T{t$.
例题: Tl
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(1) XD%GNZ
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular ^@
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A B ew&"n2r
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. MmQk@~
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答案:A zwJ\F '
应改为:easiest. Hyb_>n
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 !>:]k?$b
二、没有等级的形容词 bAEwjZ
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 bh+m_$X~
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: hm0MO,i"
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 ~Kt2g\BSok
例题: ,7)zavA
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. m$VCCDv
(A) most unique @CS%=tE}U
(B) unique ?>NX}~2cf
(C) least unique U
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(D)very unique p@eW*tE
答案: B ),lE8A{ H
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 $mxl&Qr>Q;
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: v,Z?pYYo
the most important thing, the biggest elephant WO*dO9O
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: >]x%+@{|
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience ,4r 4 <
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 y>c Yw!
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. "}b/[U@>
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. h7PIF*7m
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例题: w&
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(1) L0
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Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. tlgg~MViS
A B C D 1aezlDc*
答案: D SP4(yJy&
应改为: form the largest YoSBS
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the <m*j1|^{t
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考点三 范围词 :Aj[#4-=
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 G@U}4'V9
例题: gRwRhA/
(1) ,7;euV5X
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to vofBS
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Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. I.p"8I;
C D T+>W(w
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答案:C JykN EMB#
应改为:longest. )Ut9k
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 Ci?RuZ"
考点四 most的其他用法 1~S''[
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: 54Vb[;`Kkb
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: 1%7zCM0s
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; ]:Pkh./
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists c@$W]o"A
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: G5UNW<P2C
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal R.rE+gxO1
例题: Q7_#k66gb7
(1) C^!~WFy
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. BLb'7`t
A B C D *enT2Q
答案:A "F?p Y@4
应改为:Most E#\'$@8j
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. &7KX`%K"D
(2) ZSn6JV'g
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds X`7O%HiX/`
A B C M aP -
of other cereal plants. <H|]^An!H
D T
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答案:A 2 '8I/>-
应改为:most. V# JuNJ
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 (n2=.9k!
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 ,1i l&
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the end. C{YTHNn
第三章 副词 _:G>bU/^
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 2l +t-
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 G4"[ynlWV
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 ^Fwdi#g
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第一节 副词修饰动词 3MoVIf1
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 |w.5*]?H
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) Bacmrf
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) HG)h,&nc-
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) k'K 1zUBj
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 ,sn
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例题: I_na^sh*
(1) 'l._00yu
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the ?YnB:z*eV
A B C DC
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1870's or thereabouts. vVH*\&H\T
D Oy yE0
答案:C BtKbX)R$J
应改为:commercially <is%lx(GDX
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 :JzJ(q/
(2) A@n//AZM
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. d0-T\\U
(A) facially f/g-b]0
(B) their faces mA6Nmq%{ F
(C) having facial ASaNac-3
(D) they had faces ]ru
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答案:A ~tqDh(
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 t+n+_X
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第二节 程度副词much等 CI@qT}Y_
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. ;r3|EA35
She's not a bit more rational than you were. (J`E
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注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级
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比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; ~9dAoILrl
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, Eb9{
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; 9d&}CZr
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) rfhvd wwD
例题: %ysfFE
(1) TS;?>J-
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. z
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A B C D nWv6I&
答案:C B e2yS]U
应改为:much faster Qb&gKQtt@
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much )`
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(2) %B-m- =gz
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm
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A B HDT-f9%}<4
regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. %Dm:|><V$b
C D S#^-VZ~U4x
答案:B
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应改为:more. dE|luN~
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant -
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(3) @2)ImgK[
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals q.NvwJ
A B C M[,G#GO
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. vP{;'R
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考点:程度副词 gVI2{\a
答案:D L64cCP*
应改为:still more V-TWC@Y"
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, B5fF\N^
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 y]TNjLpo$
(4)
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A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a m kHcGB!~
A B C D It3.
swan's. q X>\*@
考点:程度副词 [p[C45d=<
答案:A Qv>rww]
应改为:little Vm
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解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little 5D%gDw+"
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅