第三节 最高级 n4Q ^
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考点一 最高级的形式 =a_ >")
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: t``q_!s}F
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; K\^S>dV
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive :z%q09.)
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. p2(Z(V7*
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. y3@5~ 4+
例题: ~>>^7oq
(1) ' )KuLVE}S
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular l
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dish with a small pocket at the bottom. AkVgFQg"
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答案:A iO{LsG*5Z
应改为:easiest. &[y+WrGG
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 j4}Q
二、没有等级的形容词 t`E e/L%
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 o'|B|oZ
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: Q4F&#^02y
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 I)q"M]~
例题: j},3@TFh
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. |?4NlB6
(A) most unique #.@- ng6C
(B) unique V3q[$~9
(C) least unique w7b\?]}@
(D)very unique yVgHu#?PM
答案: B F
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 Nf)$K'/
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: :r9<wbr)k0
the most important thing, the biggest elephant dK>sHUu
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: Q+ZZwqyxD
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience a6\`r^ @
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 1G)I|v9R
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. 40} 7O<9*
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. !TO+[g!
例题: Lwn
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Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. S
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答案: D m}6Jdt'|
应改为: form the largest U'@ ![Fp
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the B_
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考点三 范围词 izs=5
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 /[E2+g
例题: Y=t
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The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to nf1O8FwRb
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Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. i6<uj
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答案:C }
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应改为:longest. _|T{2LvwT
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 y?U@F/^}N
考点四 most的其他用法 F)4I70vG
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: f3S 8~!
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: NY|hE@{2.
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; (4?^X
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists X ]W)D
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2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: _]-8gr-T
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal uQ|LkL%<^
例题: -*Tf.c
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The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. Y% JE}
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答案:A r+h%a~A#>
应改为:Most R !yh0y}Z
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. +~
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(2) ?|WoNA~j}`
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds ||fw!8E
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of other cereal plants. -2!S>P Zs
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答案:A yf!7
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应改为:most. mZc; n.$U
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 S=lCzL;j"
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 V8nQ/9R;
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第三章 副词 ]f?r@U'AS|
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 (+;D~iN` k
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 EpKZ.lCU
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 QH4m7M@ni
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第一节 副词修饰动词 U,7
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 ("ix!\1K@
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) ezbk@no
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) R-dv$z0
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) a%BC{XX
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 b;d7mh4
例题: $xdo=4;|
(1) @%2crJnkS
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the p/Q<
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1870's or thereabouts. &Ep$<kx8
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答案:C R[6R)#o
应改为:commercially -6uLww=w4
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 M E]7e^
(2) ROfV Y:,M
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. -c1-vGW/
(A) facially i
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