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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 )p 2kx  
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考点一 最高级的形式 *GD?d2.6j  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: jo/-'Lf{?  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; )nQA) uz  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive |h4aJv  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. X J.bK  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. ``DS?pUY  
例题: HvLvSy1U  
(1) CM|?;PBuv  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular @WED XB  
    A                          B z^'3f!:3  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. 1#/>[B  
 C          D wak_^8x  
答案:A B=8],_  
应改为:easiest. PS7ta?V QC  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 1<IF@__  
二、没有等级的形容词 R9xhO!   
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 68 vu  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: $qO%lJ:  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 {$5?[KD  
例题: cdY|z]B  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. FX}kH]  
(A) most unique rlV:% k  
(B) unique Vz[tgb]-  
(C) least unique c%tb6@C  
(D)very unique aGSix}b1P  
答案: B #k?uY g8  
Q#M@!&  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 &BxDS .  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: p^J=*jm)x  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant \7]0vG  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: zp.-=)D4e  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience :Q]P=-Y8  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 (t[sSl  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. T%q@jv{c  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. VO u/9]a  
例题: Q>d<4]`  
(1) |tn.ZEgw3~  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. 2;2FyKF(  
  A  B         C              D \%BII>VS  
答案: D ,9~=yC  
应改为: form the largest b';oFUU>Q  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the ;+;%s D  
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考点三 范围词 y) .dw(  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 H"5=z7w  
例题: -F7P$/9  
(1) ;]vJ[mi~  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to cZR9rnZT  
            A            B        ,::f? Gc7j  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. v{r,Wy3  
         C    D OrP i ("/  
答案:C jCp^CNbA  
应改为:longest. T;C0t9Yew  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 )i/x%^ca$  
考点四 most的其他用法 Bcl6n@{2f  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: SX1w5+p$C  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: as^!c!  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; ;Z6ngS  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists +wIv|zj9  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: }'u0Q6Obj  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal AGGNJ4m  
例题: B%(-UTQf  
(1) PblO?@~O  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. wA< Fw )  
   A        B   C     D |C`.m |  
答案:A s;W1YN  
应改为:Most }AG dWt@  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. Z Tzh[2u*  
(2) dV7~C@k6k8  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds  j|owU  
   A       B              C !SAR/sdXf  
 of other cereal plants. qr'P0+|~5  
  D dOFK;  
答案:A }J+ \o~  
应改为:most. oGKk2oP  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 Dssecc'  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 d9pZg=$8  
`VXC*A   
the end. ; %mYsQ  
第三章 副词 ->*'Y;t4  
9-hVlQ~|  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 0oPcZ""X]  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 ZnZ`/zNO  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 hZ~ \Z S7  
~ 9JLqN"  
第一节 副词修饰动词 859ID8F  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 A5kz(pj  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) ^k}%k#)  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) +ieRpVg  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) I3" GGp3L  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 p?Jx2(%m  
例题: j7v?NY  
(1) {N`<TH PP  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the F8O E  
             A        B    C `%Jq^uW  
 1870's or thereabouts. 0})mCVBY  
      D -eQ70BXvB  
答案:C gFAtIx4  
应改为:commercially C?fa-i0l^  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 lbnH|;`$]m  
(2) {/K_NSg+h  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. B,avI&7M;S  
(A) facially B<6Ye9zuG  
(B) their faces ylPDM7Ka  
(C) having facial !)+8:8H'  
(D) they had faces k/mO(i%qi  
答案:A s2;b-0  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 tp?< e  
:vRUb>z  
第二节 程度副词much等 RqE|h6/  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. < (<IRCR  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. tZqy \_G  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 1k?k{Ri  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; @-G^Jm9~\m  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, PA<<{\dp  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; `2.2; Vk  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) #0gwN2Nv"L  
例题: z[bS soK`  
(1) fsH =2p  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. 4Y:[YlfD.  
   A    B   C    D P8=!/L2?  
答案:C Kt\#|-{CH-  
应改为:much faster 1@vlbgLr@  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much Ed+"F{!eQ  
(2) M8}t`q[-&  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm ( S=RFd  
        A                 B eh5j  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. 41Htsj  
          C     D WZ]f \S  
答案:B qmWn$,ax  
应改为:more. U-0A}@N  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant NsY D~n  
(3) N6wCCXd  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals Gn7P` t*.  
         A          B      C oo{3-+ ?  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. TE!+G\@  
            D g7r_jj%ow  
考点:程度副词 TEYn^/n~  
答案:D r}]%(D](v  
应改为:still more Vim*4^[#L  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, y_e$W3bON,  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 %pk'YA{M)q  
(4) -=)Al^V4T  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a 5B76D12  
        A      B          C      D 7\xGMC ctM  
swan's. Nt5`F@;B  
考点:程度副词 aF (L_  
答案:A zXRq) ;s  
应改为:little FC BsC#  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little G &LOjd 2  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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