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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 HDEG/k/~m  
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考点一 最高级的形式 e ?YbG.(E9  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: j[fQs,efK  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; e !yw"Cf*  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive 6:,^CI|@ t  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. 64lEB>VNm  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. OGFKc#  
例题: =F&RQ}$   
(1) f*],j  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular kut|A  
    A                          B ]KeNC)R  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. Lm|X5RVq  
 C          D C6w{"[Wv=X  
答案:A <<6w9wNon  
应改为:easiest. +][P*/Ek  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 Z-|C{1}A  
二、没有等级的形容词 ^rwSbM$  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 Xt =bc  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: 5@$4.BGcF  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 zfb _ )  
例题: 05B+WJ1  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. 3.X0!M;x  
(A) most unique YSo7~^1W"  
(B) unique Ra5'x)m36)  
(C) least unique %wW5)Y I  
(D)very unique /zf>>O`  
答案: B J~3T8e#  
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 c)MR+'d\WO  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: _a$DY ,;  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant 2j7d$y*'  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: V2{#<d-T!  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience rJZs 5g`  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 7/_ VE  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. /}`/i(k  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. nFn F_  
例题: Sn2Ds)Pfx3  
(1) gH^$Y~Lx  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. 6BU0hV  
  A  B         C              D ](>7h _2B  
答案: D ~}-p5q2  
应改为: form the largest y F5  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the P^3m:bE]  
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考点三 范围词 h2"|tTm,a  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 GGc_9?h  
例题: s i "`  
(1) >!Ap/{2  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to ))IgB).3M  
            A            B        J`+`Kq1T  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. +# RlX3P  
         C    D O:,2OMB}B`  
答案:C Ukx/jNyYv  
应改为:longest. LPapD@Z  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 X(!AI|6Bt  
考点四 most的其他用法 *]m kyAhi  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: +(<n |~  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: +f\pk \Ith  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; TDl!qp @  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists lbKv  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: Q"OV>klk  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal | or 8d>,  
例题: ?)?IZ Qj  
(1) h \=p= M  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. hsHVX[<5`  
   A        B   C     D 2H?I'<NoC  
答案:A Q(=Vk~v  
应改为:Most B:3+',i1  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. ^_*jp[!`b$  
(2) @ate49W  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds u=@h`5-fp  
   A       B              C {t844La"  
 of other cereal plants. /<(*/P,>  
  D Gd30Be2gd  
答案:A >/TB_ykb  
应改为:most. 85r)>aCMn  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 c&7Do}  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 Y )u_nn'[  
g.[+yzuE6  
the end. -1jjB1  
第三章 副词 j+_S$T8w  
Z:# .;wA  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 *.kj]BoO  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 ,U6*kvHS6  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 Sk8%(JD7  
Z |2E b*  
第一节 副词修饰动词 0zeUP {MQ  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 (bg}an  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) g~~m' ^  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) HA$Y1}  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) mWNR(()v  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 }Q/G &F  
例题: |n+ #1_t%  
(1) $GQphXb$  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the >HE,'  
             A        B    C %/P= m-K  
 1870's or thereabouts. j. _G7z/LJ  
      D |}Q( F+cL  
答案:C s>T`l  
应改为:commercially GA.BI"l  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 ]x1p!TSU  
(2) $9G3LgcS  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. DYX-5~;!  
(A) facially iDZrK%f l  
(B) their faces 8G Y.){d!l  
(C) having facial iu +3,]7Fm  
(D) they had faces p:B ]Ft  
答案:A 6{Ks`Af  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 9J?W '8s5  
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第二节 程度副词much等 7UnzIe  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. N*f^Z#B]  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. &RWM<6JP  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 @.k5MOn  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; a RX  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, e[ }],W  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; Z9xR  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) 7gm:ZS   
例题: ' X}7]y  
(1) qp\BV#E  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. u%xDsT DP  
   A    B   C    D LP,9<&"<  
答案:C v~}5u 5 $O  
应改为:much faster '6X %=f'^b  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much Q3,=~}ZNK  
(2) Q<yAT(w  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm !y%+GwoW  
        A                 B _jmkl B  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. O~6Q;qP  
          C     D AFm,CINa  
答案:B =53b Lzr  
应改为:more. "XhOsMJ  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant U{}!y3[wK  
(3) "J !}3)n  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals GmbIFOT~  
         A          B      C ec?V[v  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. }/p/pVz  
            D %[ /<+  
考点:程度副词 zKxvN3!  
答案:D 1ef'7a7e8  
应改为:still more AW/wI6[T  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, -`Q}tg>cT  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 VgMP^&/gZ  
(4) > :Ze4}(  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a ?PH/?QP  
        A      B          C      D 5m7b\Mak  
swan's. W2eAhz&  
考点:程度副词 7~b!4x|Z  
答案:A ],[)uTZc  
应改为:little JUQg 'D  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little  s4$X  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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