不定式短语在句中分析与翻译的实例

动词不定式是学习英语的难点之一，也是构成长句的一个重要因素。不定式有自己的宾语、状语和补足语，组成不定式短语。在分析句子时要把不定式短语看作一个整体。不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语。 !gFUC<4bu  
  不定式短语在句中分析与翻译的实例 kS$m$ D  
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  1.You will remember that the materials which combine to make a mixture do not completely lose their individual qualities．They do not do so because their molecules are not broken up and built into new molecules with new qualities． }A'Ro/n  
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  你们要记住，组成混合物的各种物质完全没有失去它们各自的性质。它们之所以这样，是因为它们的分子并没有分解，没有形成具有新性质的新分子。(不定式短语to make a mixture是谓语combine的结果状语。) JM Ikr9/$  
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  2．The moon's pull causes water in the oceans to be a little deeper at the point closest to the moon and also at a point farthest from themoon，on the oppositeside of the earth． K^+}__;]  
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  月球的引力会引起近月点处和地球另一端的远月点处海洋的海水略深一些。(cause sth．To do sb，“引起……作……”。to be alittle deeper．．．作water宾语补足语。) Z|qUVD5Ic  
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  3． It is also a familiar fact that a force is required to slow down or stop a body which is already in motion，and that a sidewise force must be exerted on a moving body to deviate it from a straight line． h5.AM?*TNd  
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  要使一个已经运动的物体慢下来或使其停止运动就需要作用力；要使该物体偏离直线运动，就需要横向作用力，这也是大家所熟悉的事实。(it是形式主语，代替that引出的两个主语从句。不定式短语to deviate．．．1ine是目的状语，其中it代替the moving body。) y]TNjLpo$  
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  4．Though only l07 elements have been discovered，they combine in enough different ways to make the millions and millions of different things in the world． q X>\*@  
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  虽然只发现了107种元素，但是这些元素以不同的方式化合在一起就会形成世界上无数的千差万别的东西。(不定式短语to make．．．作结果状语，说明enough。) Tx\g5rk  
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  5．Since we have already associated flow of charge or current with the existence of potential difference，it becomes of interest and importance to establish a quantitative relation between these two quantities． ;l>C [6]  
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  因为我们已经把电荷的流动即电流与电位差的存在联系起来，因而在这两个量之间确立一种数量关系就成为重要而值得注意的问题了。(不定式短语to establish．一quantities是主语，it是形式主语。) XT0:$0F  
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  6．Apart from the enormous outflow of funds from the oil-consuming countries，a more basic concern is the capability of the major exporters of crude oil to achieve a continuing production target roughly doubling output every tenyears to meet the required oil demand if present trend continues． aR~Od Ys  
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  且不谈用油国的资金大量外流，更令人担心的重要问题是：如果目前的这种趋势继续发展下去，那么主要原油出口国是否有能力每10年大致将产量翻一番以满足对石油的需求。 '{(/C ?T  
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(a-partfrom，“除了，且不说”。of．．．oil作capability的定语，不定式短语to achieve．．．continue也作定语，修饰capability。这个不定式短语中包含有：现在分词短语roughly doubling．．．continue。这个短语中又包含有不定式短语作目的状语to meet．．．continue和if引导的条件状语，这两个状语都用来修饰doubling。)

7．Television makes it possible for us to see a distant scene as a transmitter at the television stadio telecasts the scene to our receiver． >7^
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  当电视台的发射机把场景播送到我们的接收机时，电视就使我们能看到远处的场景。(it，是形式宾语，真正的宾语是for us to see a distant scene。) t|Ipxk.)  
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  8．This failure of an object to regain its original size and shape as soon as the deforming force is removed is called elastic lag．   :<$IGzw}.  
  一旦形变力除去之后，物体不能恢复原来的大小和形状，这种现象称为弹性滞后。(fail-ure是名词，在句中作主语。不定式短语to regain．．．shape作failure定语。) \O7Vo<B&D  
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  9．The purpose of this book is to introduce to the students solutions of problems having close connection with application in industry． K{s%h0  
  本书的目的是向学生介绍一些习题的解法，这些习题与工业中的应用有着密切的关系。 %VCfcM}5I  
(不定式短语to introduce．．．industry是系词is的表语，用来揭示purpose的内容。) GK/Q]}Q8pZ  
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  10．It is clear that insulating materials should have such a high specific resistance as to be，to all intents and purposes，nonconductors of electricity． ]U,K]y[Bj  
  显然，绝缘材料具有很高的电阻率，因而实际上是不导电的。 (that引出主语从句，it是形式主语。such．．．as to be non-conductor．．．表示结果。to all intents and purposes，“实际上”，“事实上”。) 6!3Jr  
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  11．The most probable explanation of radioactive disintegration is to be found in terms of the modern ideas concerning the structure of matter． ,OQ!lI_`R  
  必须根据物质结构的现代观点才能更好地阐明放射性裂变现象。(is to be found是复合谓语结构，有“应该”，“必须”的含义。in terms of，“根据”。concerning．．．是介词短语，修饰ideas。) CY4_ =  
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  12．In solids the molecules are relatively close to each other and the forces of attraction are great enough to hold the molecules in a regular pattern and thus maintain a definite volume and shape. '%m0@5|hCD  
在固体中，分子彼此结合得很紧密，分子引力大得足以使分子保持在有规则的结构中，从而使固体能维持一定的体积和形状。 (to hold．．．and．．．maintain．．．是不定式短语，起结果状语作用，说明enough。) 4 P>tGO&*x  
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  13．it is impossible for a sdf-acting machine，unaided by any external agency，to convey heat from one body to another at a higher temperature． |@-%x.y  
  不借助于任何外在因素，自动机不可能把热能从一个物体传递给另一个温度较高的物体。 #dLp<l)  
(不定式短语to convey．．．temperature在句中作主语，it是形式主语，for．．．machine是不定式toconvey的逻辑主体。分词短语unaided．．．agency起状语作用，有条件的意味。) Y"uFlHN&i  
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  14．The sun can be said to be the source of nearly all energy， and in the absence of the sun’sheat and light, no life could exis to nearth． PSdH9ea  
  可以说太阳是几乎所有能量的来源，因此，如果没有太阳的光和热，地球上就不可能有生命。(tobethe．．．energy作sun的补足语。)   S%ri/}qI[{  
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15。To appreciate the capabilities and limitations of radar，and so to be able to use it to full ad—vantage，it is necessary to understand the character and behaviour of radio waves and to appreciate the principles of their generation and reception，including the presentation of echo to the observer为了正确了解雷达的能力和局限性以便能充分地利用它，就有必要了解无线电波的特性和作用，而且要了解它的产生和接收的一些原理，包括对观察者所产生的回波。 (Toappreci-ate．．．radar和so to be able．．．advantage都是目的状语。to understand．．．waves和to appreciate．．．observer都是主语，it为形式主语，代替这两个不定式短语。现在分词短语including为伴随状语，用来对上句谓语表示的行为进行补充说明。to full advantage，“充分地”。)