考博英语写作绝招:各部分万能套用公式 ^<:sdv>Y5
(^5 7UmFv]
cwuO[^S}
开头万能公式: JGFt0He]
uu/+.9
1. 开头万能公式一:名人名言 #!9
S}b$
有人问了,“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”,很好办:编! Bcjx>#3?L
原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? .iQT5c
经典句型: R'dSbn
A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言) Qf|U0
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. if)Y9:{r^
(适用于自编名言) tdEnk.O
更多经典句型: HeK
h>
As everyone knows, No one can deny that… QeDQo
2. 开头万能公式二:数字统计 3-%Cw2ds
原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。 QnI.zq
V
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型: \NGC$p n
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college _oB_YL;,*
students wanted to further their study after their graduation. jS!`2li?{
看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造: =X!IHd0
Honesty ZO7&vF}
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 ycJg%]F*5
Travel by Bike ;oNhE
B:F
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 BT_tOEL#
Youth PU {uE[
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 u0RS)&
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? \#rO!z
d
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 P0i V<T4^
更多句型: M|[ZpM+
A recent statistics shows that … 8CC/ BOe
}Z`(aDH
结尾万能公式: }K(o9$V ^!
46h@j>/K
1. 结尾万能公式一:如此结论 UkfB^hA
说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子:
?W0(|9
Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good FZH\Q~IUV
manners arise from politeness and respect for others. xAwf49N~
如果读者很难“显而见之”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了! a45ss7
更多过渡短语: 1#
t6`N]?V
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus CkRX>)=py
更多句型: =C
f(B<u
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… {6d b{ ay_
2. 结尾万能公式二:如此建议 \;]kYO}
如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话,那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽! m=b~i^@
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve 5M23/=
N
the problem. bQaoMZB
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢? 4Z)DDz-}V
更多句型: |z^pL1Z]5
Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. z]Acs
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be ;t]|15]u
taken. !Zbesp KZ
写作的“七项基本原则”:一、 长 短 句原则 U&y`-@A4
E/za@W
工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题: 3D)b*fPc
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is WwW^[k (X
to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to PM4>Th
Q
satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite G5{Ot>;*%
similar. dALK0U
如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记! H2E
b\v`#
强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、 @+^c"=d1S
主 题 句原则 E' %lxr
国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事! ;IC
'Gq
特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! GM}C]MVD
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully >IR$e=5$
prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, bV3lE6z
you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、 , deUsc
一 二 三原则 ">6&+^BN'
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… {
(\(m/!Z
如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 O3!d(dY=_
1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗) Bp0bY9xLg_
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗) F14(;'Az
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗) a{_ KSg
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, EDN(eh(_
lastly(不推荐,原因:俗) xeB4r/6
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) \|Qb[{<:,
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) |
mj#
0
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) pGGV\zD^
8)most important of all, moreover, finally \/,g VT
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) l^,qO3ES
10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) d~<QAh#rG
建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、 短语优先原则 H'h#wV`(
写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如: .&chdVcxyS
I cannot bear it. lf8xL9v
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. Xb+3Xn0}&8
I want it. n{{P3f
可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. o
P
aZ
这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。五、 多实少虚原则 .Qfnd#
原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, Vr\Q`H.
humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital L *{QjH
之类的形象词。再比如: (H[
走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room &9@gm--b:
但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room #7\b\~5
*****走出房间应该说:sail out of the room 2C{/`N
小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room &<=e_0zT
老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room <p)Z/
所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!六、 多变句式原则 -? Tz.y&
1)加法(串联) p6[#f96^u
都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, .d
e
但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说: 7g-$oO
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. [88{@)
如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: )"F5lOA6
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. f^u^-l
其它的短语可以用: yFi6jN#~
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover )ZN(2z
2)转折(拐弯抹角) vi<X3G6Xh
批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 OF
IMi^@
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. }ymc5-
The coat was thin, but it was warm. AX8gij
更多的短语: ^~,
ndH{
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, hc6.#~i
despite, notwithstanding l`G(O$ct
3)因果(so, so, so) "NJ,0A
昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! 6GY32\Ac
The snow began to fall, so we went home. 70duk:Ri0
更多短语: 'xQna+ %h
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a L>0!B8X2
result, for this reason, so that ;x,+*%
4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重) W0C{~|e
有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。 |OOXh[y
举例:This is what I can do. ^@ M [t<
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. ]NbX`'
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分: A S`2=w
When to go, Why he goes away… O>nK,.
5)附加(多此一举) mVa?aWpez
如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。
.V8/ELr]
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. 7WgIhQ~
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. ? 7/W>
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. G(:s-x ig6
其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom uE"5 cq'B/
or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 79TPg
6)排比(排山倒海句) P/C&R-{')
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! umZlIH[7
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated \m(ymp<c`
or simple, there is plenty in London for you. LKIW*M
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such }A^1q5
as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean f-vZ2+HP
tides. L@>^_p$
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, UedvA9$&;
to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) >]:N?[Y_~}
要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七、 挑战极限原则 cSY2#u|v
既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀! S9$o
原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如:
t9?R/:B%
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb t)\D
the Western Hills. 8T8pAs0
p
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about xIS\4]F?r
three times that of China. ]]\)=F`n77
如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪! tn"Y9
k|
文章主体段落三大杀手锏:一、举实例 Gojl0
?
(iHf9*i CV
思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子! B.]qrS|
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted >&$ $(Bp
every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as OT-n\sL$
sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. #g@
For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will hknwis%y
ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the 6Y;Y}E
seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. X)`(nj
更多句型: kV*y_5g
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, tU+@1~
~
for example二、做比较 /2g)Z!&+
L
方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; i1b4 J
世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点(through v\vE^|-\/
comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语: uznoyj6g
相似的比较: tx:rj6-z
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner "/4s8.dw+u
相反的比较: {ED(O-W
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, 6MLN>)t
nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, w\"n!^ms
…三、换言之 R$!;J?SS
没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 ^}i50SG:y
实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! :GwSs'$O
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. uPv;y!Lsa@
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love 68&6J's;
with you. :$SRG^7md
或者上面我们举过的例子: <
"L){$
I cannot bear it. IyG=
7
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. 2fj0
I
因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with >D`fp
it or I am fed up with it. v @$evmA
更多短语: Ckl7rpY+
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more l6&v}M
simply