过去完成时
kxJs4BY0 a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
<}RD]Sc$1 b. 状语从句
7:g _:}m 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
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When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
#do %u"q c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
sCJ|U6Q- We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
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n, 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
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{= He said that he had learned some English before.
J;<dO7 j5 By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
D 5xQ Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
02J(*_o Wgs6}1b g 典型例题
Q_p&~ PNy5 the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
/JRZ?/<1 A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
Id^q!4Th9 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
s]e `q4ip 前一句应用过去进行时。
T}z? i )?OdD7gd 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
!YpH\wUyvP had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
"*/IP9?] He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
lO|Lv Jyx 用于现在完成时的句型
b00$3,L CB-;Jqb !"<rlB,J 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
i `f!) 1 It is the first time that I have visited the city.
";`jS&"= It was the third time that the boy had been late.
!w UznyYwt .|u`s,\ 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
._>03, " This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
S Im1fC 这是我看过的最好的电影。
2gklGDJD This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
&n8Ja@Y] bBc <p{ 典型例题
8a@k6OZ (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
:sK4mR F ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
W tw,YFT A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
fB
ZLWfp9 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
ChUE,) KwMt@1Z (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
-z .
wAp ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
+1yi{!j1 A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
Kyk{ :UnI 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
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*.
/" 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
(x/:j*`K （错）I have received his letter for a month.
P-[})Z= （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
?[bE/Ya+S 3f^jy( 独立主格结构的特点：
x
~ )~v?>T 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
XP!m]\
E&I 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
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)j 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
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举例：
3^&`E} r the test finished, we began our holiday.
"XV@O jr E = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
SD*q+Si,1U 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
'l!\2Wv2 [ /*;}NUv the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
k kD# Bb = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
/>I5,D'h 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
A)!W VT&2A RuVk>(?WK% 'l\ PL1 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
:ln| n6X 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
F[O147&C This done, we went home.
,KM%/;1Dm 工作完成后，我们才回家。
r90tXx \ fC;b"j a]P%Y.? r the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
GwDOxH' 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
}yrs6pQ Ca?w"m~h ^Lfwoy7R He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
E]&N'+T
他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
r8*xp\/ paN=I=:*M He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
(Dv GA I 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
