过去完成时
TD-d5P^Kek a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
:rb<mg[ b. 状语从句
/ '=C<HSO 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
]do0{I%\eq When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
MjG=6.J|` c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
LS ?hb)7 We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
w?.0r6j ;0} $zy1EZ 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
:>'^l?b'WX He said that he had learned some English before.
'= x By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
FpfOxF6A3 Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
l_u1 ~ K
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典型例题
Q Q97BP7W the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
_U$d.B'*)z A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
qSMST mnQ 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
:SSe0ZZ_6b 前一句应用过去进行时。
1b d(JL ^MUtmzh 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
g`gH]W
FcG had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
Bfaj4i ;_ He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
-sGfpL y<6 用于现在完成时的句型
6ndt1W
z c^UG}:Y hp,bfcM 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
zXvA W7 It is the first time that I have visited the city.
lW?}jzuo It was the third time that the boy had been late.
{ Rjj J^ryUO o}b 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
#=5/ D@ This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
U9IN# ;W 这是我看过的最好的电影。
}Hrm/Ni This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
_*9eAeJ `K~300-hOb 典型例题
lycY 1 lK (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
yiSv#wD9 ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
eL #pS= A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
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_ 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
7<mY{!2iF? 6^s=25>p (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
n87 B[R ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
O2us+DhQ A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
tVvRT*>Wb 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
>jME
== U0 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
p./zW
)7+ （错）I have received his letter for a month.
/d&zE |! （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
,H2[["1DH {PnvQ?|Z 独立主格结构的特点：
xJa 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
(g`G(K_ 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
SHOg,#m V 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
>_jT.d 举例：
C,P>7 the test finished, we began our holiday.
3E$M{l = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
9i*t3W71] 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
%YlL-*7 L <k N4@bd; the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
szu!*w c9 = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
7+0Kg'^+n 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
0/S|h"-L /bv1 R5 z
Rd^Uks Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
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^c?M[ j 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
P$ZIKkf This done, we went home.
"j;"\i0 工作完成后，我们才回家。
"SJp9s 3 sG[v vm E #q
gt9 the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
>?aPX C 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
YRa{6*M F7P?*!dx ~~>`WA\G5, He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
XHs> Q>` 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
Yef=HS zo U l8G R He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
FcVQ_6 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
