过去完成时
U5j0i] a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
:;o?d&C b. 状语从句
0Pg @%>yb~ 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
!jN$U%/,%. When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
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"g62R c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
ypY7uYO^" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
w6'8L s kk/vgte-)e 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
z9^_5la# He said that he had learned some English before.
~# iAW@ By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
&0J/V>k Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
A|P
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C< 典型例题
. n) 0@X! the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
@#| R{5=+ A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
L&~>(/*7U 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
g ?!;04 前一句应用过去进行时。
bl;v^
HR0) O}"fhM k 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
`jCq`- . had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
s&qr2'F+z He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
v:@ud,d < 用于现在完成时的句型
tD}HL_ .@]M'S^1 }#U3vMx( 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
Dv+:d 4|" It is the first time that I have visited the city.
j~rarR@NB) It was the third time that the boy had been late.
WnC0T5S?U +l_$}UN 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
@?"t &h This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
WWY G>C[ 这是我看过的最好的电影。
Z'z~40Bda This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
Mt` XHXTp H[8P]"*z*i 典型例题
^7~w yAr (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
prg8Iq'w ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
!#8=tO A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
A'X, zw^} 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
}D eW2Jp /I&b5Vp (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
iP~dH/B|v ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
7' xds A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
>xE{&
): 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
mD p|EXN 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
9#@CmiIhy （错）I have received his letter for a month.
7eg//mL"6 （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
>, }m=X8 @*c )
s_ 独立主格结构的特点：
kY6))9 O 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
e?D,=A4mV" 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
lEC5 8`Ws 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
$0zH2W 举例：
(7rG~d1iS the test finished, we began our holiday.
1xo<V5 = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
]X)EO49 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
VmB/X)) ? I}T[j the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
a;
Y9 wn = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
cZ7b$MZ%9 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Q' ^]lVY WiL~b
=fT mYk5f _} Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
QE5
85s
5
如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
$sO}l This done, we went home.
qD4 e] 5 工作完成后，我们才回家。
I=^%l7 GKPqBi[rO Bd"7F{H the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
-zz9k= q 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
Y^S0K'N wy_TFV m= fmf( He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
ld[] f*RuW 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
p9_45u`u2 \{+7`4g He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
n]co qJ 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
