填空题常考结构 tgK$}#.*
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一、主句单一原则 /1
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任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句。 ln%xp)t
做题时考生需要首先判断原题中已经给出的句子结构,如果已经有一个主句,那么就绝对不能够再出现另一个主句,除非中间有连接词进行联系。 <
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例1:--, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form. yPrp:%PS
(A) They occur where they are ?;@xAj
(B) Occuring where Z_Jprp{3h
(C) Where they occur JF!?i6V
(D) Where do they occur `RDlk
分析:空格后面是一个主句,(A)为带有从句的主句,空格后又是主句,有两个主句一定错。 |P7c {
C为地点状语从句,正确(劳动歌曲发生的地方)。 w='1uV<6
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例2: --Indiana, is in a rich farming and dairy area, it is primarily a diversified industrial center @Aa$k:_
(A) Fort Wayne (,1}P
(B) Although Fort Wayne +g,:!5pg
(C) For wayne is in ^]c
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(D) Fort Wayne, in #k2&2W=x
分析:空格后有两个谓语动词但中间没有连接词,由此可知,最后一句话是一个主句,空格处应该有从句引导词,四个选项中只有(B)中although能引导从句,故选(B)。 s\QhCS
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二、谓语动词专一原则 jqxeON
任何一个句子只可能存在一个谓语动词。 amq]&.M
句子中不可能没有谓语动词,也不能多于一个谓语动词(除非中间存在连接词)。 Y: &?xR
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例1:William Walker's mural, “Wall of Respect,” la#f,C3_
-----an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals with *Wk y#
social issues. *KNj5>6=
(A) covers 0VC8'6S_k
(B) covers it T|^rFaA
(C) which covers cPA-EH
(D) which it covers z`UL)W
分析:空格后的deals with 是谓语动词,A, B是谓语形式, 和deals with 之间没有连接词,可先排除; D 中的it多余,因为在定语从句中which已经作了主语;C构成正确的定语从句 $z,lq#zzl
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例2:In copper engravings and etchings, -----caused N*z_rZE
by the edges of the plate is clearly visible on O{Bll;C
the paper. `tA~"J$32l
(A) the impression is &!>
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(B) if the impression is
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(C) impressions u&Q2/Y
(D) the impression rT$J0"*=
分析:题目中的is是谓语,A,B中是谓语重复。C为复数名词,与后面的谓语动词is的数不一致,故也排除。因此选择D,caused.... 修饰impression gi!{y
三、平行结构 55xaZ#|
技巧:如果填空题中空格的后面有and, 或者and后面有空格,那么这道题目一定是考察平行结构。 *olV Y/'O
填空题中平行结构出现的形式是: ;=\vm"I?
A and B, <)n8lIK
A , B, and C E>|[@Z
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例1:The technique of recording, classifying, and-- `s
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is known as accounting. 2{^k*Cfd
(A) an enterprise's transactions summary 4oW6&1
(B) the summarizing of an enterprise's ?EP>yCR9
transactions Lc,`
(C) transactions of an enterprise are qOaI4JP@
summarized 4+&4
(D) summarizing the transactions of an V,t&jgG*
enterprise Jlgo@?Lc
分析:空格的后面是and, 一般考平行结构,空格处缺与前面recording、classifying并列的动名词。 #wz1uw[pI!
四个选项中只有(D)符合条件,故选(D)。 y9W6e"
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例2:Louis T. Wright, a surgeon, developed CZ2&9Vb9I
ingenious orthopedic braces, --, and .xJW=G{/
supervised the first use of Aureomycin on x3ds{Z$,>(
human patients. bvHF;Qywg
(A) treating skull fractures that he pioneered in <>3}<i<[&
(B) pioneered in treating skull fractures 4wp5ghe
(C) which pioneered in treating skull fractures bvyX(^I[q
(D) he was a pioneer in the treatment of skull EC[2rROn\
fractures
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分析:空格后面是and, 空格处缺少和developed、supervised平行的谓语动词,因此选择(B)。 JP$@*F@t
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四、宾语从句结构 9qyA{
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宾语从句的引导词在前面的主从复合句中已经提到。 7R9S%
这里指出的是填空题中关于宾语从句考的最多的两个结构: "#7~}ZB
state(陈述,表明)+that ?UD2}D[M
indicate(指明,表明)+that 0*?/s\>PS;
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例1:The quantum theory states --, such as light, 1J8okBhZ
is given off and absorbed in tiny definite C@!C='b,
units called quanta or photons. ,E&PIbDL1
(A) energy that 8m? 9?OV5
(B) that it is energy y+3<
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(C) it is energy ]Z/<HP$#
(D) that energy rn1^6qy)
分析:空格前的谓语动词states一般接关系连词that引导的宾语从句,故首先排除C。空格后已有谓语动词,空格不应再出现谓语动词,因此D正确。 1pe eecE
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例2:Studies of the gravity field of the Earth <]f
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indicate--yield when unusual weight is jJ^p
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placed on them. y*ae 5=6(
(A) although its crust and mantle pk&kJ307
(B) its crust and mantle to _D%aT6,G+(
(C) that its crust and mantle L_f u<W
(D) for its crust and mantle to b21c} rI3
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词indicate的宾语。(A)和(D)不能作宾语,可首先排除。(B)使句子结构混乱、语义不清,因此选择(D),构成宾语从句。 :f^
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五、介词+ which结构 2=H3yEJq
许多同学在选择which还是介词+which上总是不太明白,这里有一个技巧可以告诉大家。 5GD6%{\O
“which”后面一定加一个缺主语或者宾语的句子, F+.:Ry FS
因为“which”在这个句子中作了宾语或者主语成分。 SrMg=a
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“介词+ which”后面则跟一个完整的句子, l{U-$}
因为”介词+which”整个结构在定语从句中作状语。 9}e`_z
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例1:In the United States, a primary election is sQt]Y&_/@
a method ---- voters select the nominees o&2(xI2
for public office. F?b5 !<5
(A) that fVCpG~&t
(B)by which Ktrqrl^IJ
(C)is that I;dc[m
(D)by those H]@M00C
分析:空格前后都是句子,因此缺从句引导词或连接词,首先排除C和D。 Xy{\>}i]N
A能够引导从句,但是根据题意,修饰method是不通的。 #7S[Ch}O
B是介词+which, 引导定语从句,(大选是一种方法,根据这个方法,选民怎么….);正确 0pP;[7k\
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例2: Croquet is a popular lawn game ------ players Y\!* c=@k
hit wooden balls through wire arches called gC-3ghmgS
wickers. h+o-h4X
(A) when DyiyH%SSD
(B) which Ps3wg=ni[
(C) is when [d="94Ab
(D) in which Z1j3 F
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处缺定语从句引导词,由此首先排除(A)和(C)。但是到底是选择B还是D,则看从句,从句是完整的句子,那么一定选择D, 关系代词which 前应该有介词。 w}="}Cb
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六、in that结构 $5XE'm
在表示“原因”概念的引导词中, 2y6 e]D
because of +名词, 0Da9,&D
consequently是副词 W0GDn
而“in that”是原因状语的引导词。 {j%'EJ5
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例1:Mercury differs from other industrial metals zTODV<-`
---- it is a liquid. }G,PUjg_^3
(A) whereas w'NL\>
(B) in that F91'5D,u0
(C) because of ttlFb]zZh
(D) consequently %3B0s?,I
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处显然缺从句引导词。C、D不能引导从句,可以首先排除。 IbFS8 *a\
根据题意,两个句子之间是因果关系而不是对比关系,故选(B)。in that为复合连词,用来引导原因状语从句。 WEgJ_dB
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例2:Hovercraft, or air-cushion vehicles, are unusual ,,_$r7H`
-- travel over land and water on a layer of air. eEvE3=,hg
(A)they F Xbf7G)H
(B)in they AN-qcp6=o
(C)that they
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(D)in that they JDi\?m d.
分析:空格处缺从句引导词和从句主语。A和B缺从句引导词,首先被排除。C一般作宾语从句或定语从句,而句中需要的是状语从句,故也排除。D中in that为连词,引导表原因的状语从句,符合题意(气垫船之所以不同,是因为……),故选D。 [I*zZ`
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这里我们再重申一下,如果选项中出现“介词+which”或者“in that”,那么首先考虑这个选项,如果后面使用的是完整的句子结构,那么这个选项就一定是答案。这种题目平时出现的不多,但是要考的话一定就是重点。 y7a84)j3
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例3:Emily Dickinson's garden was a place ------ 565UxG
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great inspiration for her poems. vumA W*
(A) that she drew ;Mzy>*#$Q
(B) by drawing her zQpF,N<b
(C) from which she drew *^|.bBG
(D) drawn from which 9fLxp$`(T
分析:首先看选项C, “介词+which”, 而后面是she drew great inspiration for her poems.是一个完整句子,那么选项C就是答案。 &-l(nr]h]
七、what结构 oT=XCa5
what结构在95.8以后的新题中考的非常多,记住一点: ;;r}=0V*=
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例1:The chief foods eaten in any country depend ^5{M@o
largely on ----- best in its climate and soil. ~yrEB:w`_
(A) it grows IYZ$a/{P
(B) what grows CFo>D\*J
(C) does it grow Vifh`BSP
(D) what does it grow 0+H4sz%.
分析:空格前有depend on这个短语,四个选项都是句子,故可判断出空格处为宾语从句。A和C没有从句引导词,故排除,(D)的语序有问题,从句不能用特殊疑问句的倒装形式,故(B)正确。 Wzm!:U2R*
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例2:During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle w-2?|XvDmf
was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory \xtY\q,[
became----is now Indiana and Ohio. h_xHQf
(A) there AEUXdMo
(B) where c5vi Y|C^
(C) that
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(D) what JZc"4qf@OT
分析:空格处缺的词既要引导从句又要作从句主语。四个选项中只有D符合条件。 f_{OU
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八、同位语结构 b ~5Q|3P 9
同位语考试形式一:名词作主语,主语同位语 N\f={O8E
___, __ _, ___ (注意是两个逗号) N51g<K
例1:The tongue , -----, is an important aid in chewing |mHxkd
and swallowing . i,3[0*ge
(A) is the chief organ of taste 8M5a&