1、abide, adhere, conform, comply m(>_C~r
GN
这四个研究生入学考试中的高频考词都有“遵守”的意思,但是它们的搭配不同。 mA}-hR%
abide v.后接by表示“遵守,同意”。 eZWN9#p2
I will abide by the director' decision.我将遵从主任的决定。 +5H9mk
adhere v.后接to表示“遵守”。(当然adhere一词的其它意思如“坚持;粘附”也经常被考到。) _+g5;S5
Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。 n)uvN
conform v.后接to表示“遵守,符合”。 ztf
VXmi'
All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。 Bzn{~&i?W:
comply v.后接with表示“遵守,服从”,用于正式的场合。 5%"${ywI
Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying 9 P_`IsVK
taxes.我们公司遵守政府有关纳税的规定。 0h-holUf}~
2、abnormal, uncommon, disordered %^[45e
这三个单词都有“反常的”之意,在考博当中经常让考生们辨析它们的细微差别。
,X(P/x{B
abnormal a.不正常的,反常的(但并非罕见),指行为或现象(如气候)的异常。 hm3,?FMbq
His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree 3":ef|w]
centigrade.他的体温三天来一直都不正常,最高的时候达到40.5摄氏度。(尽管身体发烧不正常,但生活中也时有发生。) vzK*1R5
uncommon a.罕见的,不平常的,指很少经历或很少见到的状况;特别的,出色的。 #&0)kr66
Hurricanes are uncommon in England.飓风在英国非常罕见。 *vv<@+gA
That is uncommon instant coffee; it tastes great!那速溶咖啡质量上乘,味道好极了! }[}u5T`w>
disordered a.混乱的,杂乱的;(精神或身体)有病的。 2K<rK(
We couldn't understand her disordered presentation.我们听不明白她条理不清的陈述。 _a@&$NEox
3、abolish, cancel, eliminate, dispose, erase, exclude, extinguish ~t[ #p:
这一组动词都有“取消,除掉”的意思。 vpXC5|9U
abolish v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除;完全破坏。 Jfa=#`
The government abolished the tax on alcohol.政府取消了酒税。 fpf1^TZ
cancel v.对预先安排的某种活动(如旅行、计划、会议等)的取消;删去(字、句)。 {PgB~|W
The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.会议由于流感而取消了。 k%E9r'Ac
eliminate v.指消除、淘汰已经存在但是现在不需要的东西。 6~zR(HzV{
The losing team was eliminated from further ~fw 6sY#
competition.失利的那个队被淘汰了,不能参加下一阶段的比赛。 wVkms
The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the L,!?'.*/]
intestine.医生帮助他排出肠中毒素。 ! utgo/n
dispose v.处理,处置;表示“除掉、扔掉”时常与of连用。(这一点需要注意。) 9\i;zpN\
2A|^6#XN'
11、accomplishment, attainment, achievement 0/hX3h
这三个名词都有“成就”的意思。 !t "uNlN
accomplishment n.成功,成就;才艺,修养。 ~K% ]9
Climbing that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.对于登山运动员来说,爬上了那座山就是成功。 9+@"DuYc6
Being able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments.画画得好只是她的许多才能之一。 DR3M|4[
attainment n.指学识和造诣(常用作复数);达到,到达。 hnZI{2XzBE
a scholar of the highest attainments造诣极高的学者 sj a;NL
achievement n.可指抽象的“成就”,或具体的“成绩”,与accomplishment是同义词。 Ag}V>i'
12、accuse, charge vLn<=.
两个动词都有“控诉,指控”之意,但它们后面所搭配的介词不同。 58zs%+F
accuse v.指控,控诉,与介词of连用。 8+Al+6d|!
The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盗窃罪。 2+"=i/8
charge v.可以指因为小错而受的责备,也指因违法而受到控告,与介词with连用。 UXD?gK1
The police charged him with murder.警察指控他犯了谋杀罪。 84L!r
13、acquire, attain, obtain, gain, earn, achieve, secure YS=|y}Q|7d
这一组动词都有"获得,取得"的意思,在考研和CET-6当中屡次出现它们之间的辨析。 !+& NG&1
acquire v.多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等,也可用于对财物等的获得,该词强调"一经获得就会长期持有"的含义。 o_/C9[:
It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations.正是通过学习,个人才得以获得应付各种情况的习惯做法。 o O%!P<