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主题 : 2021年考博英语语法讲解之连词用法
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楼主  发表于: 2021-02-22   

2021年考博英语语法讲解之连词用法

 一、概说 &f>eQ S=(  
  连词是一种虚词,用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子,在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子,如and, but, or, for等;从属连词主要引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等),引出名词性从句的连词如that, whether等,引出状语从句的连词如when, because, since, if 等。 k-E{d04-2  
  二、并列连词的用法 &m {kHM  
  1. 表示转折关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 but, yet 等。如: mv atUe  
  Someone borrowed my pen, but I don’t remember who. 有人借了我的钢笔,但我不记得是谁了。 YC=S5;  
  He said he was our friend, yet he wouldn’t help us. 他说他是我们的朋友,但却不肯帮助我们。 ~1* A  
  2. 表示因果关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 for, so 等。如: Uu"0rUzt  
  The child had a bad cough, so his mother took him to the doctor. 这孩子咳得很利害,所以他妈妈带他去看医生。 ckjrk  
  You are supposed to get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to serious errors. 你们一定要克服粗枝大叶,因为粗枝大叶常常引起严重的错误。 MlJVeod  
  注意:for表示结果通常不能放句首,也不能单独使用。 2/36dGFH  
  3. 表示并列关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 and , or , either…or , neither…nor , not only…but (also) , both…and , as well as 等。如: `p0ypi3hn  
  He didn’t go and she didn’t go either. 他没去,她也没去。 ?( =p<TUw  
  The weather is mild today; it is neither hot nor cold. 今天天气很温暖,不冷也不热。 joXfmHB}  
  Both New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。 k vGCbRC  
  It is important for you as well as for me. 这对你和对我都很重要。 v8/6wy?  
  People who are either under age or over age may not join the army. 年龄不到或者超龄的人都不得参军。 3ta$L"a  
  三、从属连词的用法 =s}Xy_+:  
  1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词 9p@C4oen  
  (1) 表示“当…时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要的 when, while, as, whenever。如: p<`+sf}A:  
  Don’t talk while you’re eating. 吃饭时不要说话。 3 +xy4 G@L  
  Vegetables are best when they are fresh. 蔬菜新鲜时最好吃。 $ P: O/O=>  
  He came just as I was leaving. 我正要走时他来了。 W3&tJ8*3  
  (2) 表示“在…之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before, after。如: sT1&e5 `W  
  Try to finish your work before you leave. 离开前设法把工作做完。 ogeL[7  
  After we have finished tea, we will sit on the grass. 喝完茶之后我们将坐在草地上。  f+Dn9t  
  (3) 表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要的有since, until, till。如: U5/qf8)yO  
  She’s been playing tennis since she was eight. 她从八岁起就打网球了。 5IqQ|/m<6  
  Hold on until I fetch help. 坚持一下,等我找人来帮忙。 O\OE0[[  
  Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. (谚)不要无事惹事。  #T~&]|{,  
  (4) 表示“一…就”的时间连词。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等。如: NvtM3  
  I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我一接她的信就通知你。 Nm ]% }  
  The moment I have finished I’ll give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话。 2L\3S ukj  
  I came immediately I heard the news. 我一听到这个消息,马上就来了。 noNm^hFL  
  Once you begin you must continue. 你一旦开始, 便不可停下来。 0y %L-:/c|  
  (5) 表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。主要的有every time(每次),each time(每次),(the) next time(下次),any time(随时),(the) last time(上次),the first time(第一次)。如: ';RI7)<  
  I’ll tell him about it (the) next time I see him. 我下一次见到他时,我就把这个情况告诉他。 TYjA:d9YH  
  We lose a few skin cells every time we wash our hands. 每当我们洗手的时候,我们都要损失一些皮肤细胞。 S7n"3.k  
  You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。 m-1?\bs  
  注意:every time, each time, any time前不用冠词,(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词可以省略,而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。 aW{L7N%  
  2. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词。这类连词主要有if, unless, as [so] long as, in case 等。如: 8&}~'4[b[$  
  Do you mind if I open the window?我开窗你不介意吧? 5)+F(  
  Don’t come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话,否则你别来。 Rt= X% [YL  
  As long as you’re happy,it doesn’t matter what you do. 只要你高兴,你做什么都没关系。 Q e1oT)  
  In case it rains they will stay at home. 万一下雨,他们就呆在家里。 B} *V%}:)  
  注意:在条件状语从句中,通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义,而不能直接使用将来时态。不过,有时表示条件的 if之后可能用 will,但那不是将来时态, 而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)。如: @R:#"  
  If you will sit down for a few moments, I’ll tell the manager you’re here. 请稍坐, 我这就通知经理说您来了。 <fM>Yi5  
  3. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词。主要的有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。如: aIvBY78o  
  He raised his voice so that everyone could hear. 他提高了嗓音,以便每个人都能听见。 17py ).\  
  Take your umbrella (just) in case it rains. 带上雨伞,以防下雨。 VEh]p5D  
  She repeated the instructions slowly in order that he should understand. 她把那些指示慢慢重复了一遍好让他听明白。 <jd/t19DB  
  4. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词。主要的有so that, so…that, such…that等。如: Sa]Ek*  
  I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. 我去听演讲去得很早, 所以找个好座位。 5RA<Z.  
  I had so many falls that I was black and blue all over. 我摔了许多跤,以致于全身都是青一块紫一块的。 G8NRj9k?  
  He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗子用力很大, 结果玻璃震破了。 Hbr^vYs5  
  5. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词。主要的有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that) 等。如: k@q Wig  
  He distrusted me because I was new. 他不信任我,因为我是新来的。 ` *9EKj  
  As you are sorry,I’ll forgive you. 既然你悔悟了,我就原谅你。 d7i#w  #  
  Since we’ve no money, we can’t buy it. 由于我们没钱,我们无法购买它。 7,_-XV2  
  Seeing that he’s ill he’s unlikely to come. 因为他病了,他大概不会来了。 MTB@CP!u  
  Now that she has apologized, I am content. 既然她已经道了歉, 我也就满意了。 GAJ~$AiwHH  
  6. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词。主要的有although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等。如: Pe,;MP\2  
  Although they are twins, they look entirely different. 他们虽是孪生, 但是相貌却完全不同。 : c;_a-69  
  I like her even though she can be annoying. 尽管她有时很恼人, 但我还是喜欢她。  Rkv  
  You won’t move that stone, however strong you are. 不管你力气多大, 也休想搬动那块石头。 }=pOiILvD  
  Whatever we have achieved, we owe to your support. 我们取得的一切成就都归功于你们的支持。 eJf>"IF-  
  Whoever you are, you can’t pass this way. 不管你是谁,你都不能从这里通过。 RdkU2Y}V  
  Whenever I see him I speak to him. 每当我见到他,我都和他讲话。 Dh8(HiXf:  
  7. 引导方式状语从句的从属连词。主要的有as, as if, as though, the way等。如: ;l`X!3  
  Why didn’t you catch the last bus as I told you to? 你怎么不听我的话赶乘末班公共汽车呢? 1E^{B8cm  
  He bent the iron bar as if it had been made of rubber. 他将铁棍折弯,仿佛那是用橡皮做成的。 LY1KQuY  
  Nobody else loves you the way(=as) I do. 没有人像我这样爱你。 )=(n/ vckM  
  8. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词。主要的有where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere等。如: ;zm ks]  
  The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple. 这座教堂盖在一座罗马寺庙的旧址。 gL,"ef+nM  
  I’ll take you anywhere you like. 你想到哪儿我就带你到哪儿。 [#zE. TW  
  Everywhere I go,I find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里,我都发现同样情况。 yr{5Rp05=  
  9. 引导比较状语从句的从属连词。主要的有than和as…as。如: 5^o3y.J?P  
  She was now happier than she had ever been. 现在她比过去任何时候都快活。  qV?sg  
  I glanced at my watch. It was earlier than I thought. 我看了看表,时间比我想像的早。 0i _  
  He doesn’t work as hard as she does. 他工作不像她那样努力。 g(aNyn  
  10. 引起名词从句的从属连词。主要有that, whether, if 等,它们用于引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。其中that 不仅没不充当句子成分,而且没有词义,在句子中只起连接作用;而 if, whether 虽不充当句子成分,但有词义,即表示“是否”。如: |3"NwM>  
  He replied that he was going by train. 他回答说他将坐火车去。 G/%Ubi6%  
  I wonder if it’s large enough. 我不知道它是否够大。 I-,X wj-  
  I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我为是否伤了她的感情而担心。 '@S,V/jy0z  
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沙发  发表于: 2021-02-22   
2021年考博英语语法讲解:那些不是连词的连词 HUD7{6}4  
EK:Y2WZ  
 So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. sio)_8tp  
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  在这个句子中every time做什么成分,起什么作用呢? $:PF9pY(  
pqkcf \  
  这是一个很有意思的问题。看到这个句子,让我们想起了学过的一篇课文,题目叫做The band that wasn’t (a band)(不是乐队的乐队)。 那么,“Every time” is a conjunction that isn’t (a conjunction)(不是连词的连词),之所以这么说,是因为every time不是真正的连词,而是一个名词(词组),但是它在句中确实起到了连词的作用。要想知道every time的作用,首先要搞清楚So many thousands of terrified people died和there was an outbreak之间是什么关系:So many thousands of terrified people died意为“成千上万的惊恐不已的人们相继死去”,there was an outbreak意为“有霍乱爆发”,every time意为“每次,每当”,从这三者之间的关系来看,every time就是一个引导时间状语的从属连词。整个句子的意思是:每当霍乱爆发时,成千上万的惊恐不已的人们相继死去。every time跟whenever所起的作用无异。 `X3Xz!  
<8g *O2  
  在现代英语中,像every time用作连词的情况,可以说俯拾皆是。又如:Every time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back. 我每次感冒背就痛。 -??!@R7V  
'MSEki67  
  除了every time外,以下名词性词组如the minute, the moment, the instant, the time, the day, the week, the year, the first time, next time, any time, each time, the last time, from the time, by the time等,都可以作连词用,引导时间状语从句。例如: 3j]UEA^  
B#| Z`mZ  
  I recognized you the minute I saw you. 我一见你就认出了你。 9*7Hoi4Ji  
**Qe`}E:  
  The machine starts the moment the button is pressed. 按钮一按,机器便开始作。 o(?VX`2"  
DxE^#=7iH;  
  He called on me the day he arrived. 他来的那一天就访问了我。 *4r s  
03P N{<  
  We were there the week it snowed so heavily. 雪下得很大的那一周我们在那里。 Q x9>,e6+  
iMP*]K-O  
  The first time I climbed onto the wall, I felt nervous.我第一次爬到墙上去时,感到胆怯。  5xG|35Pj  
g5lmUKlQ$0  
  Next time you come, you will see the scientist. 你下次来时就会见到那位科学家。 MLkL.1eGSb  
N*_/@qM> a  
  You may come back any time you want to. 你想回来随时可回来。 ORV}j, Ym  
<^H1)=tlF  
  Each time the tourist traveled by boat he got seasick. 这位旅客每次坐船行时都晕船。 H1aV}KD  
m_{%tU;N  
  The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed. 她最后一次看詹姆斯时,他躺在床上。 ak~=[7Nv  
xI/{)I1f  
  The truck will have arrived by the time you have all the things packed up. 到你把一切东西都捆好时,卡车也就来了。 lM@<_=2  
.g6PrhzFbk  
  甚至有些副词如 immediately, directly, instantly 都可以用作连词引导状语从句,相当于as soon as,意为“一……就……”。例如: c+,7Zu!  
&=+cov(3  
  You must show the gentleman in immediately he comes. 这位先生一来,你立即引他进来。 8`L#1ybMO  
C8bGae(  
  There was a dead silence directly he appeared. 他一出现,便鸦雀无声。 Q:-%3)g<<  
E<X{72fb>  
  It began to rain instantly we arrived home. 我们一到家,天就开始下起雨来。 fD 3jwPL  
t%]^5<+X58  
  上述情况多为名词(个别副词)变为“时间连词”。英语在朝着表达简洁的方向发展,只要不产生歧义,能省略的尽量省略。还有 the way 的用法更是如此,例如: FqT,4SIR  
73^ T*  
  Please do it the way I’ve told you. 请按照我告诉你的那样做。 cuV8#: i  
#Lhj0M;a  
  I'm talking to you just the way I'd talk to a boy of my own. 我和你说话就像和自己孩子说话一样。 Ef,7zKG  
&viwo}ls0  
  (以上两句中,the way 相当于 as 的意思,如果谁再说…in the way in which…,就是英语的倒退。)
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板凳  发表于: 2021-02-22   
2021年考博英语语法讲解:并列连词词组用法 5 CY_Ay\  
1. both…and…的用法 7T|J[W O  
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  其意为“…和…都”、“不但…而且…”、“既…又…”: 4mM2C`I  
d 0H  
  She both speaks and writes Japanese. 她不仅会说日语,而且还会写。  ^ :  
c`$`0}  
  He spoke with both kindness and understanding. 他说话既亲切又明事理。 fbzKO^Ub  
R+kZLOE  
  【注】作为关联并列连词,它通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分,但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。另外,若连接两个成分作主语时,谓语要用复数: ?5r2j3mqgv  
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  Both she and Sophia were pleased with the girl. 她和索菲娅都喜欢这姑娘。 FVC2XxP  
}{kTh% ^  
  2. either…or…的用法 HgS mAziv  
bWQORjnd8  
  其意为“要么…要么…”、“不是…就是…”: Rbj+P;t&  
Hh/ -^G  
  Either come in or go out. 要么进来,要么出去。 C tC` : !Q  
?D~SHcBaN  
  I want to visit either Paris or London. 我想去巴黎或伦敦游览一下。 49J+&G?)j  
+U_-Lq )  
  Either he did not speak distinctly or I did not hear well. 不是他没讲清楚,就是我没听明白。 CI~;B  
= @Nv:1:r  
  【注】通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分,但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。若连接两个成分作主语,其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致: Y="&|c=w#L  
.e _D3Xp<  
  You can either have tea or coffee. 你喝茶也行,喝咖啡也行。 ,m?UFRi  
\'LCC-  
  Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错,就是我错。 kO3k| 6f=  
);uZ4PNK/?  
  3. neither…nor…的用法 mZ5K hPvf8  
@X6#$ex  
  其意为“既不…也不…”、“…和…都不”: im? XXsH'  
hPeKQwzC0  
  I have neither time nor money. 我既无时间又无钱。 UQf>5g  
s-N?Tzi  
  I neither smoke nor drink. 我既不抽烟也不喝酒。 nog\,NT  
3JE;:2O~P  
  He neither knows nor cares what happened. 他对所发生的事不闻不问。 rLw [y$2  
qVRO"/R  
  This is neither my fault nor yours. 这既不怪我,也不怪你。 Tvx8l m '  
S7~F*CGBh  
  【注】通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分,但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。若连接两个成分作主语,其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致: g1*H|n h2  
{kRC!}  
  Mary neither likes maths nor (likes) history. 玛丽既不喜欢数学也不喜欢历史。 Z 8dN0AqZ  
] xLb )Z  
  Neither Jim and Jack was at home. 吉姆和杰克都不在家。 N evvA(M  
n#4 J]Z@  
  但在非正式文体中也可一律用复数: |p4OlUq  
E)_!Hi0<s  
  Neither Jim and Jack were at home. 吉姆和杰克都不在家。 Y&Lk4  
Jx9%8Ek  
  4. not only…but also…的用法 v|RaB  
rnhf(K.{3  
  其意为“不但…而且…”: ?.A/E?Oc  
;Kq?*H  
  Not only men but also women were chosen. 选中的不仅有男的也有女的。 BG8)bh k;/  
,0~ {nQj]  
  He not only read the book, but also remembered what he read. 他不仅读过这本书,而且还记得书中的内容。 XXwhs-:o  
R:R@sU  
  【注】该结构中的also有时可省略,或与but分开用,或用too, as well代之(位于句末): ;F(01  
FC(cXPX}  
  Not only is he funny, but he is witty too [as well]. 他不但风趣,而且也很机智。 ?~Ed n-" Y  
&q}@[ )V4  
  若连接两个成分作主语,其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致: :(p rx   
2_\|>g|  
  Not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你,他也得离开。
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