上海交通大学 n20H{TA
一九九九年秋季博士生入学考试试题 kmW!0hm;e
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Part One: Listening Comprehension (25 points) Section A: Spot Dictation nWZrB s
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DiruChons: In this section, you are going to hear a passage. The passage will be read only once. Fill in the blanks with the words you hear on the tape. After the passage, there will be 3-minute pause. During the pause, you must write the words on the Answer Sheet. Now, please get ready. ?NI)3-l
As we grow up and grow old, our society offers us a sequence of (1) age-related roles, such as schoolchild, apprentice, college student, graduate, spouse, (2) executive, and retiree. Various role opportunities thus open or close to us at (3) point in our passage from the cradle to the grave. In this connection it is (4) to think of society as containing two fluid structures: a structure of ages, and a structure of roles. The (5) refers to the number and proportion of people in different age (6)-, such as infants, the middleaged, or the old. The latter refers to the number and types of roles that society makes (7) wH#k~`M
such as those of warrior, airline captain, or grandparent. Both the age structure and the role structure of a society are (8) changing. &TbnZnv
Every society has to try to provide appropriate roles for its members, (9) /KKX;L[D(
the aged. In a small number of societies where (10) are very "_)
limited, there arc few roles for the old to play, and they may be (11) from raJyo>xXb5
the community to die. The Eskimo, for example, (12) left q#\eL~k
unproductive older members to perish in the snow, and (13) today the I3: F{T|lTl
of Uganda leave the old and the infum to (14) to death. In most traditional societies, however, the aged are accorded an (15) role, so much so that people may took forward to old age. The old typically live out their lives in a large (16) family containing children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren Their life-long (17) makes them the repository of wisdom in the community, on subjects ranging from folklore to religion to (18) . Old men typically wield great political power as treads of families, and the aged of both sexes are usually (19) to remain active in the community and to perform some forms of light labor until (2.0) old age. /gFyow1W
Section B: Multiple Choice udc9
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In this section, you will hear a passage. At the earl of the. passage, you R7l he& 5 gtxatiores. The passage and the qucahon wtjl be read only once. After each quesfan, thane will be a prose. Dwift the pauee, you must read the four wed moms mated A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. Then Write your choice on the AnsaW Sheet. *rEW@06^\
21. A) Doctor Kapbn. 1 *-58N*
B) A university technician. C) A lab instmtor. \iVYhl
D) A specialist in science. 22 A) At the beginning. C1G Wi4)
B) In the mid(Oe. C) Near the end D) During the find exam. DTIy/
23. A) To expisin the purpose of having lab experiences. B) To stress the brvartance of safety procedures. C) To tell them where to buy safety equipment. G>_ZUHdI
D) To help them to understand their lab results. d&'6l"${
24. A) An innovative scientist cannot take normal precautions while performing experiments. &(.ZHF
B) An irwrntor must be Billing to make some painful personal sacrifices to achieve his or her goals. 9) YG)A~<
C) Precautionary measures must be followed in all laboratory work to crnsure one's safety and health. v5$zz w
D) Chemists with personal problems should never use toxic subslanccs. 25. A) Leave the room. . E>V8|Hz;
B) Hand in their lab notebooks. (~#PzE:
C) Go to Professor Kaplan's office. D) Work on an experiment. :!A@B.E
Section C: Question and Answer =C:0='a
directions: In this section, you w-l hear a passage. The passage %vitl be read ordy anc:,. Then try to answer the follo%ing 5 questions. Remember you should write your anssvm on the Answer Sheet. 03#_ (
26. What would a man do when a woman got onto a crowded bus in the past'? 27. What does a roan do toda),? X>wQYIi
28. What, according to the author, is the cause of this change? 29. What will a girl insist on sa)ing if she is taken out for a meal? 30. What have men given up nowadays? c&_3"2:
Part II Vocabulary (20 points) G/`_$ c
Directions: In each question, decide which of the choices given will most suitably complete the sentences if inserted at the place marked. Write your choices on the Answer Sheet. k<f*ns
3I. The secretary was harshly——by her boss for misplacing some important files. ?QMs<
A) rebuked B) teased I%s/h4x^B[
C) washed D) accused (p2a{v}fEz
32.The jet airliner has ——from the Wright brothers’ small airplane. )i>KYg w
A) involved B) evolved k4l72 'P
' C) devolved D) revolved PRUGUHY
33. Chinese products enjoy high international prestige because of their , quality. P~*fZ)\}F@
A) indistinctive B) indisputable '\;tmD"N5#
C) indispensable D) indistinguishable [zfGDMG&
34. This can something that the students may not have comprehended in }$UFc1He\J
English. v C^~iz
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A) signify B) specify KG?]MVXA
C) clarify D) testify U9q*zP_jV
35.1 must you on your handling of a very difficult situation. a|>MueJ
A) meditate B) complement bd9c/>&
C) elaborate D) compliment 0'
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36. I've had my car examined three times now but no mechanic has been able to the problem. &V;a:
A) deduce B) notify Xgm7>=l
C) highlight D) pinpoint M1i|qjb:l
37. Architectural pressure groups fought unsuccessfully to save a terrace of eighteenth century houses from _ x{- caOH
A) abolition B) demolition {xr]xcM'b
C) disruption D) dismantling ~Mx
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38.Having decided to rent a flat, we____ contacting all the accommodation dt, ibq@0CR
agencies in the city. _`\INZ
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A) set out B) set to I
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C) set about D) set off QJ/SP
39. The police decided to the department store after they lmd received a bomb warning. o6r4tpiR5
A) evict B) expel )0Lq>6j9
C) abandon D) evacuate a !IH-XJ2
40. If the work-force respected you, you wouldn't need to your authority so often, j.6kjQN
A) affirm B) restrain xEBjfn
C) assert D) maintain 1gE`_%?K
41. Miss Rosemary Adang went through the composition carefully to all errors from it. 1mX*0>
A) eliminate B) terminate =6sXZ"_Tw
C) illuminate D) alleviate Y!L jy
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42. Several months previously, the workers had petitioned the company for a 25 percent wage increase and of stricter safety regulations. VC.?]'OqD
A) implement B) endowment WdT|xf.Q&
C) enforcement D) engagement )>fi={!=c
43. The rebel army __ the democratic government of the, country lawlessly. ff#-USK^R
A) overthrew B) overtook Trrh`@R
C) overturned D) overruled k mjm6
44. Judges are ____increasingly heavy fines for minor driving offences nR7\ o(!
A). i 18 B) demanding a5-\=0L~
C) imparting D) imposing ~> a%dx\&K
45. The of all kinds of necessary goods was caused by natural calamity. =CoT{LRQ_
A) variety B) scarcity z7q2+;L
C) solidarity D) commodity sYXS#;|M
46. It is essential to be on the for any signs of movement in the undergrowth CC\z_C*P-p
since there are poisonous snakes in the area. jO55<s94
A) guard B) care 0R&
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C) alert D) alarm =FmU]DV
47. She took up so many hobbies when she retired that she had hardly any time PlZiTP
A) in hand B) at hand [R4x[36Zp
C) on her hands D) at her hand kre&
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48. Working with the mentally handicapped requires considerable -`_ of patience; and understanding. ??Zmj:8E'
A) means B) stocks ?^~"x.<nr
C) provisions D) resources zc+;VtP|8
49. He still suffers from a rare t2-opical disease which he -,. while working to Africa. (x
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A) infected B) incurred |a{]P=<q
C contracted D) infested |L;psK
50. Giving up smoking is just one of the ways to heart diseases. zU~..;C
A) ward off C) push off M"^Vf{X^
B) put off D) throw off Y/H^*1
51. There is no_______for hard work and perseverance of you want to succeed. m>ycN
. A) alteration B) equivalent /w M
C) alternative D)substitute `mj
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52. What the film company needs is a actor who can take on any kinds of roles. mE`qvavP|/
A) diverse B) versatile R9h>I3F=c
C) variable D) changeable Cc)P5\jh
53. With their modern, lightweight boat, they soon the older vessels in the race. /;AZ/Ocy!
A) overran B) exceeded i ,pN1_-
C) outstripped D) caught up PgLS\_B
54. Research suggests that, heavy penalties do not act as a to potential criminals. . k%}89glm
A) deterrent B) prevention [!@oRK=~
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C) safeguard D) distraction Xexe{h4t_>
55. There has been so much media of the coming election that people have got bored with it. t*d >eK`:N
A) circulation B) concern H:-A; f!Z
C) broadcasting D) coverage xDJ+BQ<1A
56. You've done more of the work than I have recently so I'll give up my day off' in ] 5v4^mk
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A) offset B)redress R
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C)herald D) compensate c5E#QV0&v~
with the usual formalities since we all know each other ,p!B"#
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57. I think we can______with the usual formalities since we all know each other already. z5`8G =A
A) dispose B) dispatch wB>S\~i
C) dispense D) discharge pzq;vMr
58. He joined a computer dating scheme but so far it hasn't a suitable patter. LxlbD#<V
A) come by B) some across oU0
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C) come up with D) come round to tB7K&ss
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59. Have you thought what the _ might be if you didn't win your case in court? N3gNOq&
A) applications B) connotations j\'+wVyo
C) implications D) complications 1Vf78n
64. I thought 1 saw water in the distance but it must have been an optical vZE|Z[M+<
A) perception B) delusion m0j|58~
C) illusion D) deception 3G%wZ,)
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61. He was intensely_____ by the way the shop assistant spoke to him. 8j
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A) intervened C) injected wI!
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B) irritated K)/!&{7n}a
D) insulated
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62. The people who were _ hurt in the accident were taken to the only hospital in the immediate_________ [O7w =
A) vicinity B) mobility 1xO!w+J#
C) velocity D) integrity ;h9-}F
63. With all his experience abroad he was a major to the company. )C>}"#J>
A) attendant B) asset mA(nyF
C) attachment D) attribute 7-".!M
64. Don't thank me for helping in the garden. It was pleasure to be working out of doors. 'u(=eJ@1
A) mere B) sheer 7`IUMYl#~
C) plain D) simple ZT) !8
65. The peace of the public library was by the sound of a transistor radio. -(\1r2
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A) shuttered "B) shattered $A;7Em
C) smashed D) fractured -ca7x`yo
66. It is doubtless that those who wish to succeed should be EkJVFHfh
A) aggressive B) possessive |} K
C) cooperative D) conventional K,f* SXM
67. The damp and cold weather had painfully the patient's rheumatism. Z+Yeg
A) activated B)aggregated {I0w`xe
C) aggravated D) accelerated bz{^ h'
68.1 utterly your argument. In my opinion, you have distorted the facts. YBX)eWslK
A) dispute B) refute EKZA5J7kn
C) confound D) decline !1a}| !Zn
69.1 think you will find that the inconvenience of the diet is by the benefits. gtD
A) out looked B) outranked ;>NP.pnA)
C) outfought D) outweighed 7:n?PN(p6a
70. A good friend is one who will you when you arc in trouble. C,o:
A) stand for B) stand by Q |
C) stand up to D) stand over JOBz{;:R{
Part III. Reading Comprehension (30 paints) !*&4<
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Directions There are 6 passages in this pail. Each Passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. Each question or unfinished statement is given four suggested answers marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the one best answer and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. wJ6_I$>
Passage One -i#J[>=w{C
Some of the earliest diamonds known came from India. In the eighteenth century they were found in Brazil, and in 1866, huge deposits were found near Kimberley in South Africa. Though evidence of extensive diamond deposits has recently, been found in South Africa, the continent of Africa still produces nearly all the world's supply of these stones. ]>5T}h
The most valuable diamonds are large, individual crystals of pure crystal lint carbon. Less perfect forms, known as 'boars' and 'carbonado' arc clusters of tiny crystals. Until diamonds are cut and polished, they do not sparkle lice those you sec on a ring--they just look like small, blue-grey stones. p-.Ri^p
In a rather crude form the cutting and polishing of precious stones was an art known to the Ancient Egyptians, and in the Middle Ages it became 1Lidcspread iii north-west Europe. However, a revolutionary change in the methods of cutting and polishing was made in 1476 when Ludwig Van Berquen of Bruges in Belgium invented the use of a swiftly revolving wheel with its edge faced with fine diamond powder. The name 'boast' is given to this fine powder as well as the natural crystalline material already mentioned. It is also gimp to badly flawed or broken diamond crystals, useless as jewels, that are broken into powder for grinding purposes, the so-called `industrial' diamonds. 6\NvG,8
Diamond itself is the only material hard enough to cut and polish diamonds--though recently, high-intensity light beams called lasers have been developed which can bore holes in them. It may be necessary to split or cleave the large stones before they arc cut and polished. Every diamond has a natural line of cleavage, along which it may be split by a sharp blow with a cutting edge. yahAD.Xuo@
A fully cut 'brilliant' diamond has 58 facets, or faces, regularly arranged. For cutting or faceting, the stones arc fixed into copper holders and held against a wheel, edged with a mixture of Oil and fine diamond dust, which is revolved at about 2,500 revolutions a minute. Amsterdam and Antwerp, in Holland and Belgium respectively, have been the centre of the diamond cutting and polishing industry for over seven centuries. i8K_vo2Z)
The jewel value of brilliant diamonds depends greatly on their colour, or `water' as it is called. The usual colours of diamonds are white, yellow, brown, green or blue- H4t)+(:D'
Surrounding rocks and take on their color. thus black ,red and even bright pink diamonds have occasionally been found. aX|g S\zx
The trade in diamonds Is not only in the valuable gem stones but also in the industrial diamonds mentioned above. Zaire produces 70% of such stones. They are fixed into the rock drills used in mining and civil engineering, also for edging band saws for cutting stone. Diamond-faced tools are used for cutting and drilling glass and fine porcelain and for dentists' drills. They are used as bearings in watches and other finely balanced instruments. Perhaps you own some diamonds without knowing it--in your wristwatch! 5J
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71. 'Carbonado' is the name given to A) only the very best diamonds B) lumps of pure carbon W3)\co
C) Spanish diamonds /ip lU
D) diamonds made up of many small crystals !x
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72. The art of cutting and polishing precious stones remained crude until A) the fourteenth century h\(B#S
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B) the fifteenth century RT,:hH
C) the sixteenth century sm0fAL
D) the seventeenth century CphF
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73. During faceting, diamonds are held in copper holders _Bbv
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A) to facilitate accurate cutting O$^xkv5.
B) to make them shine more brilliantly 09'oz*v{#
C) so that they can revolve more easily ?-f,8Z|h
D) as a steel holder might damage the diamond Q^L)
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74. The value order of `water' in diamond, _ [
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A) is more important than their colour *7ZtNo[+
B) ranges from blue-white upwards !scD|ti
C) ranges from blue-white downwards M ,`w A
D) has never been reliably established L_~8"I_
75. Industrial diamonds are used D SvmVI
A) for a wide range of purposes Jd_;@(Eg=
B) mainly for dentists' drills <`)iA-Df;9
C) for decoration in rings and watches wPX*%0]
D) principally in mass-produced jewellery +>SRrIi
Passage Two f"dSr
Just about everyone knows the meaning of `value" though you'd never know it from the excesses of the Eighties. Clever campaigns often allowed marketers to charge more for their product and reap ever-higher profits. It worked like a dream until suddenly, facing difficult economic times, consumers work up. 22&;jpL'?
Now, to the extent that they're buying, many consumers are choosing the car that delivers the most for the money--not necessarily the one they coveted as a status symbol a few years ago, they are shifting to the toothpaste that works from the ones with it slickest promotions. Companies that understand this new consumer have come up wit something new: "value marketing". FQk!d$BG
A word of caution is necessary. In marketing, watchwords quickly metamorphos into buzzwords--and value is no exception. We're not taping about ads that merely boast of a product's value or even such legitimate sates tools as price cuts and discount: Used correctly, value marketing amounts to much more than just stashing prices distributing coupons. It means giving the customer an improved product, with adds, features and enhancing the role of marketing itself: E8ta|D
In value marketing, marketing becomes part of the system for delivering value t( the consumer. Instead of merely shaping image, such a program might offer enhance guarantees or longer warranties, ads that educate rather than hype, membership club: that build loyalty, frequent-buyer plans, improved communications with customer. through 800 numbers, or package design that makes the product easier to use or more environmentally friendly. |0g{"}%
These and other value-marketing techniques can be expensive. They can tncar added production and marketing costs added to lower unit prices, Even so, the principle involved in value marketing value for money, an improved product, enhanced =Nice, and added features--are just %fiat U_S_ business needs to enhance its competitiveness in the global marketplace. That's why it will be all to the good if the commonsensical virtues of value marketing become part of the permanent strategy of U.S. business. !X]8dyW
76. Consumers have waken up because of U<^F4*G
A) the poor products they bought X:|8vS+0gU
B) the high price they paid for what they bought C) the difficult economic times vcv CD7MD
D) a horrible dream ((bTwx
77. Many consumers are choosing the commodities rzUlO5?R=
A) that are precious Rko M~`CT
B) that are warranted r|eZv<6
C) that can show their status IeP
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D) that deliver the most for the money ;wHCj$q
78. In the 1980s, people would like to go after the products 3I $>uR
A) that were most expensive vUesV%9hq
B) that were up-to-date h&;t.Gdf
C) that could show their status D) that were in fashion kXrlSaIc
79. Communications with customers malj be improved c{Ou^.yR
A) through annual customers congress gE])!GMM3
B) through ton free 800 numbers *F`A S>
C)through membership clubs F(,UA+$A
D) through frequent education CU)|-*uiK
80. A value marketing program may not include 'hqBo|
A)daily visits to customers Wl-<HR!n
B)longer warranties /.z;\=;[n!
C)membership clubs 4 %W:
D)environmentally friendly packages E3aDDFDH
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Passage Three _O"mfXl6
Great emotional and intellectual resources are demanded in quarrels; stamina helps, as does a capacity for obsession. But no one is born a good quarreller; the craft must be learned. c>"cX&
There are two generally recognised apprenticeships. First, and universally preferred, is a long childhood spent in the company of fractious siblings. After several years of rainy afternoons, brothers and sisters develop a sure feel for the tactics of attrition and the niceties of strategy so necessary in first-rate quarrelling. }"^'%C8EX
The only child, or the child of peaceful or repressed households, is likely to grow up failing to understand that quarrels, unlike arguments, arc not about an)1hing, least of all the pursuit of truth. The apparent subject of a quarrel is a mere pretext; the real business is the quarrel itself. vVl; |
Essentially, adversaries in a quarrel are out to establish or rescue their dignity. I fence the elementary principle: anything may be said. The unschooled, probably no less quarrelsome by inclination than anyone else, may spend an hour with knocking heart, sifting the consequences of roiling this old acquaintance a lying fraud. Too late! With a cheerful wave the old acquaintance has left the room. RQB
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Those who miss their first apprenticeship may care to enrol in the second, the bad marriage. This can be perilous for the neophyte; the mutual intimacy of spouses makes them at once more vulnerable and more dangerous in attack. Once sex is involved, the stakes are higher all round. And there is an unspoken rule that those who love, or have loved, one another are granted a licence for unlimited beastliness such as is denied to mere sworn enemies. For all that, some of our most tenacious black belt quarrellers have come to it late in fife and mastered every throw, from the Crushing Silence to the Gloating Apology, in less than ten years of marriage. 2L?!tBw?1
A quarrel may last years. Among brooding types Kith time on their hands, like writers, half a lifetime is not uncommon. In its most refined form, a quarrel may consist of the participants not talking to each other. They will need to scheme laboriously to appear in public together to register their silence. Av' GB
Brief, violent quarrels are also known as rows. In all cases the essential ingredient remains the same; the original cause must be forgotten as soon as possible. From here on, dignity, pride, self-esteem, honour ate the crucial issues, which is why quarrelling„ like jealousy, is an all-consuming business, virtually a profession. For the quarreller's very self-hood is on the fine. To lose an argument is a brief disappointment, much like losing a game of tennis; but to be crushed in a quarrel ... rather bite off your tongue and spread it at your opponent's feet. A:l@_*C..
81. Unschooled quarrellers are said to be at a disadvantage because \>QF(J [8
A) their insults fail to offend their opponent U.!lTLjfLz
B) they reveal their nervousness to their opponent wV\gj~U;P
C) they suffer from remorse for what they've said <FI-zca
D) they are apprehensive about speaking their minds jz58E}
82. According to the writer, quarrels between married couples may be_-__ - A) physically violent $-}e; V Zb
B) extremely IYitter /,=@8k!t?
C) essentially trivial N-
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D) sincerely regretted =L;] ;i
83.when quarrelling, both children and married couples may, according to the writer %wcSM~w
A) be particularly brutal R218(8S
B) use politeness as a weapon &`0/CV
C) employ skillful manoeuvres &F STpBu
D) exaggerate their feelings Tou/5?#%e
84. The difference between a quarrel and an argument is said to be that Mj[f~
A) the former involves individual egos EI!6MC)
B) the former concerns strong points of view NT@;N /I
C) the latter has well-established miles {:@tQdM:i8
D) the latter concerns trivial issues ~.;<
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85. In the passage as a whole, the writer treats quarrelling as if it were m3Il3ZY.
A) a military campaign /|
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B) a social skill y6]vl=^L
C) a moral evil <! )**
D) a natural gilt }!IL]0q
Passage Four p+)Y Tzzc
`I just couldn't do it. I don't know what it is. It's not embarrassment. No that's not it. You see, you're putting your head in a noose; that's what it seems to me.' Derek am armed robber with a long record of bank jobs, was talking about hoisting (shop-lifting). `No I just couldn't do it. I mean just going in there.' He paused to try to fund a more exact way of fixing; his antipathy. `I tell you what. It's too blatant for my liking.' ME'|saP
It seemed a fanny way to put it. Pushing a couple of ties in your pocket at a shop was hardly the last word in extroversion, and even a bit on the discreet side when compared to all that firing of shotguns and vaulting over counters which made up the typical bank raid. 8 r_>t2$
But my ideas of shop-lifting were still bound up with teenage memories of nicking packets of chewing gum from the local newsagents. A lot of guilt and not much loot_ After a few conversations with professional holsters, I realised that `blatant' was just about right. -D6exTxh"
Nobody took a couple of ties- they took the whole rack. The fast member of the gang would walk in nice and purposefully. Their job was to set up the goods: perhaps put an elastic bawd round the ends of a few dozen silk scarves; move the valuable pieces of jewellery nearer the edge of the counter; slide the ties on the rack into a compact bunch. Then, wine somebody else diverts the assistant or provides some fort of masking, the third member lifts the lot (}}S9 K
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'If the walk to the door is a little long, then there mm be someone else to take over for the last stretch. No one is in possession for more than a few seconds, and there's always a couple of spare bodies to obstruct any one who seems to be getting too near the carrier. Store detectives who move forward with well-founded suspicions may still find themselves clutching empty air. E Cyyl
Store detectives watch for three main give-sways: am- sort of loitering which looks different from the usual hanging around and dithering that characterises the real customer; any covert contact between individuals %N-ho %v shown no other sign of knowing each other, any over-friendliness towards sales staff which might be acting as a distraction. 'There's one other little angle', said one detective. 'l often pop round the back stairs; that's where you'll occasionally find one of them; trying to relax and get themselves in the right mood before starting the next job.' GnvL'ESa@M
86. The bank robber wouldn't consider shop-lifting because 9k{PBAP
A) it was beneath his dignity %2v4<icvq
B) the penalties were too high y*X_T,K8
C) it wasn't challenging enough 6F e34n]m
D) the risks were too great ~6p[El#tS
87. The writer's experience led rum to think that most shop-lifters _4g.j
A) were I their teens K'GBMnjD
B) stole modest amounts %n*-VAfE\
C) used violent methods 'q`^3&E
D) stole for excitement %$b:X5$Z
88. The; role of the first member of the gang is to )==Jfn y
A) convince the staff he's a serious shopper )rC6*eR
B) remove die goods from the shelves <~WsD)=$
C) establish the easiest goods to steal d@qsdYu-*
D) smooth the. path for his accomplice . fZoHf\B]{
89. Professional shop-lifters avoid being caught in the act by :5{wf Am
A) passing goods from one to another MjU6/pO}L
B) hiding behind ordinary shoppers #)nSr
C) racing for the nearest exit sfNE68I2
D) concealing goods in ordinary bath ;XBI{CW
90. Potential shop-lifters may be identified when the: cH&J{WeZa
.A) seem unable to decide what to buy aJ>65RJ^=
B) openly signal to apparent strangers V{!J-nO
C) are unusually chatty to assistants rogT~G}q
D) set off towards emergency exits 4GX-ma
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Passage Five C)`Fv=]R
Perhaps there are far more wives than I imagine who take it for granted that housework ii neither satisfying nor even important once the basic demands of hygiene and feeding have been met. But home and family is the one realm in which it is really difficult to shale free: of one's upbringing and create new values. My parents' house was impeccably kept; cleanliness was a moral and social virtue, and personal untidiness, visibly old clothes, or long male hair provoked biting jocularity. If that had been all, maybe I could have adapted myself to housework on an easy-going, utilitarian basis, refusing the moral overtones but shill believing in it as something constructive because it is part of creating a home. But at the same time my mother used to recant doing it, called it drudgery, and convinced me that it wasn't a fit activity for an intelligent being. I was an only child, and once I was at school there was no reason why she should have continued against her will to remain housebound, unless, as I suspect, my father would not hear of her having a job of her own V)[@98T_4?
I can now begin to understand why a woman in a small suburban house, with no infants to look after, who does not enjoy reading because she has not had much of an education, and who is intelligent enough to find neighbourly chit-chat boring, should carry the pursuit of microscopic specks of dust to the point of fanaticism in an attempt to fill hours and salvage her self-respect. My parents had not even the status-seeking impetus to send me to university that Joe's had; my mother wanted me to be `a nice quiet person who wouldn't be noticed in a crowd', and it was feared that university education results in ingratitude (independence).. )84 ~ugs
It is constantly niggling not only to be doing jobs that require so little; valuable effort, but also jobs which are mainly concerned with simply keeping level with natural processes--cleaning jobs, whether of objects or people. which once done are not done for good, and will have to be done all over again, just as if I have not alreadv made the effort; the next day, or even within a few hours. There is something so negative about this role that society heaps entirely un to the shoulders of women. flat of making sure that things do not get dirty, and people do not get unhealthy. I want to believe in health as something basic, neutral, to assume that all the essentials are cared for, or at least will not magnify themselves into a full-time occupation. sG92XJ
Can you imagine what would happen to a man who was suddenly uprooted from a job in which he placed the meaning of his life, and delegated to a mindless task, in performing which he was also cut off fairly completely from the people who shared his interests'? I think more of the men I know would disintegrate completely. N(Fp0
9l . 'The writer attributes her attitude towards housework to =ACVE;L?
A) her rejection of her parents' old-fashioned standards zdYy^8V|z
B) her determination to avoid her mother's mistakes Gz,i~XX
C) her inherited feelings of duty and resentment J1C3&t}
D) her spoil upbringing as an only child Utnr5^].2O
92. The writer's parents reacted to a slovenly appearance by .._.._._. 8Djc
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A) criticising the offender bitterly
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B) stressing the social importance of cleanliness C) making sarcastic comments about the matter D) expressing a sense: of moral indignation 7$CBx/X50)
93. It scems to the wrik r that some suburban houscwivcs may A) engage in tedious gossip merely to pass file time xc=b
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B) allow routine tasks to become cut obsession <
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C) come to regret their lack of a proper education D) come to find housework a fulfilling occupation 94. Her parents didn't encourage her to go to unnrisity because they thought A) she wouldn't appreciate the sacrifice it would invohr {>hC~L?6
B) she might feel intellectually superior to them l`#4KCL(
C) higher education wasn't suitable for a housewife D) it might change her relationship with them n*[XR`r}
95. She objects to her role because it is so A) undemanding M
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13) unimportant C) unpleasant D) unproductive 3G}x;Cp\D
Passage: Six nn@-W]
How many hypochondriacs (9~ fl1=4-J1,r!. -111) are there? Can anybody- in the great social science industry tell me? Even to the nearest ten thousand? Azl&m