一. 不一致(disagreements) e,W,NnCICj
所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致,它还包括了数的不一致 时态不一致及代词不一 致等. AD@ {7
例1. when one have money ,he can do what he want to . a(ml#-M
(人一旦有了钱,他就能想干什么就干什么.) F!*GrQms
剖析:one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has ;同理,want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致. BL"7_phM,
改为: once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do) @X560_x[q
二. 修饰语错位(misplaced modifiers) I`i"*z
英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子的含义可能引起变化.对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视,因而造成了不必要的误解.例1. i believe i can do it well and i will better know the world outside the campus. 6E9/z
剖析:better位置不当,应置于句末. _aJKt3GQ
三. 句子不完整(sentence fragments) *JQ*$$5
在口语中,交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后,笔者又想加些补充说明时发生. ;y50t$0
例1. there are many ways to know the society. for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on . ]]3rSXs2}J
剖析:本句后半部分"for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句. >mG64N
改为:there are many ways to know society ,for example ,by tv ,radio ,and newspaper. Q;A\M
四. 悬垂修饰语(dangling modifiers) ts=:r
所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清.例如:at the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中"at the age of ten"只点出十岁时,但没有说明” 谁”十岁时.按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点,全句就不那么费解了. ~!cxRd5;F
改为: %~PT7"4
when i was ten, my grandfather died. nj0]c`6rN@
例1. to do well in college, good grades are essential. U~;tk@
剖析:句中不定式短语 “to do well in college” 的逻辑主语不清楚. %H2ios[UO
改为:来源:考试大网 VxARJ*4=Y
to do well in college, a student needs good grades. aq
l8Or1[
五. 词性误用(misuse of parts of speech) R^P>yk8
“词性误用”常表现为:介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等. B&0W P5OF
例1. none can negative the importance of money. CyW|k
Dz
剖析:negative 系形容词,误作动词。 D|Wlq~IpQ
改为: F*r)
none can deny the importance of money. v\@
RwtP
六. 指代不清(ambiguous reference of pronouns) $(]nl%<Q
指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句: 0\X<vrW
mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid. DuZ Zu
(玛丽和我姐姐很要好,因为她要她做她的伴娘。) K7K/P{@9[9
读完上面这一句话,读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确,意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为: w`V6vYd@
mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid. kc't
例1. and we can also know the society by serving it yourself. V[K N,o{6
剖析:句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为: ^2+
Vt=*
we can also know society by serving it ourselves. wWiYxBeN
七. 不间断句子(run-on sentences) <r$h =hM
什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。 #
#2'QNN
例1. there are many ways we get to know the outside world. i/1$uQ
剖析:这个句子包含了两层完整的意思:“there are many ways.” 以及“we get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。 b/]4#?g
改为: 3?I!
there are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或: E5M/XW\E6
there are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside %xOxMK@
world J ~3m7
八. 措词毛病(troubles in diction) ( I#6!Yt9J
diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题,囿于教学时间紧迫,教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限,影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲,斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲,拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。 -OlrA{=c_
例1. the increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution. QOSMV#Nw%
(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。) X )tH23
剖析:显然,考生把obstacles“障碍”,“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use (不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。 %HoD)OJe
改为: \\#D!q*
the abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution. Kq-1 b
九. 累赘(redundancy) X~0-W Bz
言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词;写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组;能用词组的不用从句或句子。如: R^o535pozc
in spite of the fact that he is lazy, i like him. ^Z?m)qxvB
本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句,我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为:in spite of his laziness, i like him. t~/:St
例1. for the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need. wTU$jd1;+
剖析:整个句子可以大大简化。 8TT#b?d
改为: ;'8P/a$
diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need. H/x0'
十. 不连贯(incoherence) v7wyQx+Q
不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语,或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。 `y.4FA4"8
例1. the fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth. XNJZ~Mowb
剖析:the fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。it 与things 在数方面不一致。 aO&{.DO2
改为:来源:考试大 bHnKtaK4c
fresh water is the most important thing in the world. jeRE(3'Q
十一. 综合性语言错误(comprehensive misusage) D5P-$1KPt
所谓“综合性语言错误”,是指除了上述十种错误以外,还有诸如时态,语态,标点符号,大小写等方面的错误。 >*ls}
q^
例1.today, money to everybody is very importance, our’s eat, cloth, live, go etc.