一. 不一致(disagreements) ran^te^Ks(
所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致,它还包括了数的不一致 时态不一致及代词不一 致等. .B'UQ|NR
例1. when one have money ,he can do what he want to . (/SGT$#8
(人一旦有了钱,他就能想干什么就干什么.) Lvi[*une|
剖析:one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has ;同理,want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致. \6lh `U
改为: once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do) eB=v~I3
二. 修饰语错位(misplaced modifiers) )_77>f%
英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子的含义可能引起变化.对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视,因而造成了不必要的误解.例1. i believe i can do it well and i will better know the world outside the campus. h@~:(:zU$
剖析:better位置不当,应置于句末. LZM,QQ
三. 句子不完整(sentence fragments) zb5N,!%r
在口语中,交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后,笔者又想加些补充说明时发生. ':\fl.b
例1. there are many ways to know the society. for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on . BrJ
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剖析:本句后半部分"for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句. L`UG=7r q
改为:there are many ways to know society ,for example ,by tv ,radio ,and newspaper. wfxOx$]zK
四. 悬垂修饰语(dangling modifiers) kDzj%sm!
所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清.例如:at the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中"at the age of ten"只点出十岁时,但没有说明” 谁”十岁时.按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点,全句就不那么费解了. LY-lTr@A^
改为: P_p6GT:5
when i was ten, my grandfather died. .3VK;au\\
例1. to do well in college, good grades are essential. {ITv&5?>
剖析:句中不定式短语 “to do well in college” 的逻辑主语不清楚. E@w[
改为:来源:考试大网 $ph0ag+
to do well in college, a student needs good grades. vd}*_
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五. 词性误用(misuse of parts of speech) *Ph]F$ZP
“词性误用”常表现为:介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等. j$@?62)6
例1. none can negative the importance of money. cYGRy,'gH
剖析:negative 系形容词,误作动词。 I4)Nb WQ
改为: ' _B_&is
none can deny the importance of money. T yU&QXb
六. 指代不清(ambiguous reference of pronouns) <rNtY ,
指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句: NuU'0_")/
mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid. [#p&D~Du&
(玛丽和我姐姐很要好,因为她要她做她的伴娘。) }w
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读完上面这一句话,读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确,意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为: osl=[pm
mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid. <
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例1. and we can also know the society by serving it yourself. xw ?CMA
剖析:句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为: l '/N3&5
we can also know society by serving it ourselves. \M9h&I\7
七. 不间断句子(run-on sentences) PdT83vOCE
什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。 q69H^E=
例1. there are many ways we get to know the outside world. N[pZIH5ho=
剖析:这个句子包含了两层完整的意思:“there are many ways.” 以及“we get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。 Y)|~:& tZ
改为: <"?*zx&