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主题 : 写作经典错误与分析
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楼主  发表于: 2009-02-16   

写作经典错误与分析

  一. 不一致(disagreements) ran^te^Ks(  
  所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致,它还包括了数的不一致 时态不一致及代词不一 致等. .B'UQ|NR  
  例1. when one have money ,he can do what he want to . (/SGT$#8  
  (人一旦有了钱,他就能想干什么就干什么.) Lvi[*une|  
  剖析:one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has ;同理,want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致. \6lh `U  
  改为: once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do) eB= v~I3  
  二. 修饰语错位(misplaced modifiers) )_77>f%  
  英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子的含义可能引起变化.对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视,因而造成了不必要的误解.例1. i believe i can do it well and i will better know the world outside the campus. h@~:(:zU$  
  剖析:better位置不当,应置于句末. LZM,QQ  
  三. 句子不完整(sentence fragments) zb5N,!%r  
  在口语中,交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后,笔者又想加些补充说明时发生. ' :\fl.b  
  例1. there are many ways to know the society. for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on . BrJ o!@<  
  剖析:本句后半部分"for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句. L`UG=7r q  
  改为:there are many ways to know society ,for example ,by tv ,radio ,and newspaper. wfxOx$]z K  
  四. 悬垂修饰语(dangling modifiers) kDzj%sm!  
  所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清.例如:at the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中"at the age of ten"只点出十岁时,但没有说明” 谁”十岁时.按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点,全句就不那么费解了. LY-lTr@A^  
  改为: P_p6GT:5  
  when i was ten, my grandfather died. .3VK;au\\  
  例1. to do well in college, good grades are essential. {ITv&5?>  
  剖析:句中不定式短语 “to do well in college” 的逻辑主语不清楚. E@w[&#  
  改为:来源:考试大网 $ph0ag+  
  to do well in college, a student needs good grades. vd}*_ d  
  五. 词性误用(misuse of parts of speech) *Ph]F$ZP  
  “词性误用”常表现为:介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等. j$@?62)6  
  例1. none can negative the importance of money. cYGRy,'gH  
  剖析:negative 系形容词,误作动词。 I4)Nb WQ  
  改为: '_B_&is  
  none can deny the importance of money. T yU&QXb  
  六. 指代不清(ambiguous reference of pronouns) <rNtY,  
  指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句: NuU'0_")/  
  mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid. [#p&D~Du&  
  (玛丽和我姐姐很要好,因为她要她做她的伴娘。) }w G,BB%N  
  读完上面这一句话,读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确,意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为: osl=[pm  
  mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid. <  CDA"  
  例1. and we can also know the society by serving it yourself. xw?CMA  
  剖析:句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为: l '/N3&5  
  we can also know society by serving it ourselves. \M9 h&I\7  
  七. 不间断句子(run-on sentences) PdT83vOCE  
  什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。 q69H ^E=  
  例1. there are many ways we get to know the outside world. N[pZIH5ho=  
  剖析:这个句子包含了两层完整的意思:“there are many ways.” 以及“we get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。 Y)|~:& tZ  
  改为: <"?*zx&  
  there are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或: c15r':.5  
  there are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside lWbZ=x_0  
  world gQy~kctQ#  
  八. 措词毛病(troubles in diction) ]u+MTW;  
  diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题,囿于教学时间紧迫,教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限,影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲,斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲,拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。 8W;2oQN7  
  例1. the increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution. B| tzF0;c  
  (农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。) jeq:  
  剖析:显然,考生把obstacles“障碍”,“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use (不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。 pY t/378w  
  改为: \^&   
  the abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution. tjj^O%SV<  
  九. 累赘(redundancy) (= 9 wo  
  言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词;写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组;能用词组的不用从句或句子。如: H-(q#?:  
  in spite of the fact that he is lazy, i like him. ,)zt AFn=  
  本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句,我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为:in spite of his laziness, i like him. kh3<V' k]  
  例1. for the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need. $o.Kn9\  
  剖析:整个句子可以大大简化。 &Yf",KcL*I  
  改为: 7d ;pvhnH  
  diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need. \0ov[T N.>  
  十. 不连贯(incoherence) A2NF<ZsD  
  不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语,或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。 *"cD.)]#2  
  例1. the fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth. OQScW2a&  
  剖析:the fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。it 与things 在数方面不一致。 ]GX \|1L  
  改为:来源:考试大  W8]V  
  fresh water is the most important thing in the world. jJBnDxsA  
  十一. 综合性语言错误(comprehensive misusage) -W c~B3E|  
  所谓“综合性语言错误”,是指除了上述十种错误以外,还有诸如时态,语态,标点符号,大小写等方面的错误。 ]\Xc9N8w  
  例1.today, money to everybody is very importance, our’s eat, cloth, live, go etc.
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