西南大学博士入学考试英语试题(2012) ?uqPye1fc
Part I Vocabulary (10 points) e>$E67h<~
Directions: In this part there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there n7'X.=o7
are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the zT jk^
following sentences. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet Uj>bWa`
1. A broadcasting station will sometimes to its listeners a programme which hSSFmEpr
it has received from another station. x=VLRh%Gvl
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A. rely B. relay C. relate D. reside Z=>#|pW,)
2. The United Nations Conference on Drug Abuse, which took place earlier this year k54V
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in Vienna, was a very meeting. ^es/xt
A. productive B. overwhelming C. compulsory D. protective F]^ZdJ2
3. A person who studies ___ learns how to express numbers approximately and R]Pv=fn
how to calculate ratios and averages. %n>*jFC
A. static B. statistic C. statistics D. status ]"4\]_?r
4. If you ______ someone, you form a fixed general idea or image of them so that Y'2 |GJc2
you assume that they will behave in a particular way. 0^&-j.9
A. assimilate B. simulate C. stereotype D. subordinate aak[U;rx
5. Reading ______ the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that %P-z3 0FHp
makes what we read ours. j43-YdCJ
A. rectifies B. prolongs C. furnishes D. minimizes o"@GYc["
6. Satellite communications are so up-to-date that even when _____ in the middle uvj`r5ei
of the Pacific, businessman can contact their offices as if they were next door. cSs??i
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A. gliding B. cruising C. piloting D. patrolling @If ^5s;z
7. Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly `f+l\'.s
from _______ on earth rather than bacteria on Mars. !
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A. configuration B. constitution C. condemnation D. contamination or]kXefG3
8. Scientists, who are now aware of how nautiluses regulate their buoyancy, have <hSrx7o
been able to dispel ideas about these creatures. x6={)tj
A. erroneous B. misdemeanors C. misgivings D. misdirection t^-yK;`?q:
9. History has demonstrated that countries with different social systems and BX=YS)
ideologies can join hands in meeting the common challenges to human _____ and Erd)P
development. 2[R{IV8e
A. evolution B. survival C. rivalry D. dignity ~]&,v|g&
10. To avoid an oil shortage, we should advocate that more machines must _____ of ffqz
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life in a short time, and this made others astonished. aL%amL6CX
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A. accelerate B. operate C. generate D. utilize 98AX=%8
11. Japanese leaders aboard the U. S. battleship Missouri and signed the ____ K}p!W"!o
surrender, which ended World War Two in 1945. ;.4A,7w#
A. conditional B. infinite C. everlasting D. unconditional dJ}E,rW}
12. It is a _____ that in such a rich country there should be so many poor people who V)8d1S
could hardly keep their body and soul together. k{q4Zz[
A. hypothesis B. paradox C. conflict D. dispute WfDpeXdO
13. The _____ effects of many illnesses made him a weak man and he still didn’t {2Jn#&Z29
want to do sports every day. 9OnH3
A. cumulative B. formidable C. eternal D. prospective !$i*u-%4
14. The robbers broke into the bank, _____ the clerics with revolvers and forced them . w_oW mD
to give money just as they were about to knock off. -0/5
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A. shot B. frightened C. amused D. menaced J<4egk4
15. This pair of boots cost much less than yours for I bought them when the xF4>D!T%8
department store made a _____ of the stored goods. "
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A. clearance B. reduction C. fortune D. deal 6.!Cm$l
16. Technology has _____ the sharing information and the storage and delivery of ~;*SW[4
information, thus making more information available to more people. (!@
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A. formulated B. facilitated C. furnished D. functioned Gz9w1[t
17. Language, culture and personality may be considered _____ of each other I thought, dM
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but they are inseparable in fact. Gx]J6Z8
A. indistinctly B. separately C. irrelevantly D. independently IP]"D"
18. More than 85 percent of French Canada’s population speaks French as a mother Q8kdX6NMd&
tongue and _____ to the Roman Catholic faith. Rt[zZv
A. caters B. adheres C. ascribes D. subscribes +v`?j+6z
19. There are not many teachers who are strong _____ of traditional methods in U?}>A5H
English teaching. =&J7
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A. sponsors B. contributors C. advocates D. performers .1[[Y}
20. The ______ of the scientific attitude is that the human mind can succeed in RiY9[ec2
understanding the universe. JIl<4 %A
A. essence B. content C. texture D. threshold &{Zt(%\ '
Part II Reading Comprehension (30 points) $&@L[[xl
Directions: ~ "^]\3#
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. ){PL6|5x
There are 6 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by &3SQVOW ~T
some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices X5| <qu
marked A, B, C and D. you should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on YR2Q6}xR
the Answer Sheet. F3a
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Spread across the United States are about 500,000 doctors, cheeked by jowl, in the {g:I5
A#
big cities and thin on the ground in isolated small towns. In June 1986, the secretary 3 9|4)1e
of health and human services, Dr. Otis Bowen, passed on a view of his experts: 5%-15% "QWF&-kAI
of America’s 500,000 doctors should be candidates for disciplinary action, many of *
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them because of drug taking or alcoholism. Others give their patients poor care |hp_<F9.
because they are senile, incompetent, guilty of misconduct or out of touch with FY^[?lj
developments in medicine. (QPfrR=J4
The granting, or withdrawal, of licenses to practice is in the hands of state medical {R2gz]v4
boards, but they are overwhelmed with complaints and lack the money to handle even (~R [K,G
a fraction of them. Recently, however, things have been changing. In 1985, 406 _Ra$"j
doctors lost their licenses (compared with 255 in 1984), nearly 500 were placed on e;y\v/A
probation and nearly 1,000 received reprimands or had their right to practice curtailed. 5Iv3B|u
The federal inspector general demanded, and won the right far the states and the 7r`A6 \
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federal government, which provide health care for the elderly and for the poor under xQ[~ c1
the Medicare and Medicaid programme, to refuse payment to the doctors considered )jM'
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unsatisfactory. )T-C/ 3
Yet putting these powers into practice is proving to be far from easy. O f the 35 wUGSM"~
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doctors so far denied reimbursement from Medicare, almost all work in lightly 5BSh`r
populated rural areas. O n March 27th, their indignation and that of their patients were 3D)gy9T&l
a sympathetic hearing by the Senate Finance Committee. Rural doctors may not be as Z/#&c
up to date as those in the big towns, but they are often the only source of medical help \`H"4r[?(
for miles around and their patients are loyal to them. Members of the review boards, ~
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which are paid by the government, insist, however, that elderly and poor people SLzxF uV
should not be forced to receive (and the state to pay for) inferior care. 'W!N1W@
An innovation is on the horizon in Texas, the most under-doctored state in the E8[{U8)[;5
country (with only one doctor for every 1,100 residents). Lubbock University is :[;]6;
setting up a computer network that will enable country doctors to obtain medical IFr
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expertise and access to medical records in a hurry. The aim is to reduce the isolation ,G";ny[$
of the country doctors and thus, in the long run, to attract more young doctors to rural DB1GW,
areas. >zYO1.~
21. The main topic of the passage is . vdwh59W
A. the present situation of American doctors 2E
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B. the legislation on rural medical services E5-f{Q
c
C. the problems of country doctors and possible solutions wA@y B"
D. some factors of disqualification of country doctors (AHZmi
V
22. According to the text, disciplinary action should be taken against those who OQ[E-%v1 R
give patients poor care because of the following reasons EXCEPT . ttazY#
A. taking drugs and drinking alcohol wzLR]<6G
B. feeling remorse of their bad behavior >(v%"04|e
C. being professional unskillful (&n4^tJ+_
D. being sick and conservative Kd2?9gaw
23. Which of the following is true about the unfit doctors? YeN /J.R
A. 1,500 doctors were deprived of the right to practice medicine. "`b"PQ<x
B. The federal government has got the right to deny reimbursement to those 0((3q'[ <
unqualified doctors. =5NM
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C. Almost all the doctors who fail to get payment from Medicare work in 1J}i :i&
densely populated urban areas. RR2Q
D. Patients in the rural areas complain about the poor treatment their doctors 5gZEcJ
give them. VieX5
24. It can be inferred from the text that in the near future . B;SN}I
A. there will be more qualified doctors in rural areas v3b[08
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B. there will be an even more serious imbalance of the number of rural and E0K'|*
urban doctors zzf;3S?
C. country doctors are competitive in breaking medical records
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D. more patients will go to rural areas for medical treatment _%g}d/v}pO
25. The paragraph following the text would probably discuss .
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A. problems of urban doctors l djypEa}
B. other solutions to improve the present situation A
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C. research in medical science C4Pi6.wf
D. reduction of staff in rural hospitals aGK =VN}r
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. ^;J@]&[
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Bacteria are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in |ITSd%`3_
inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. O ne micron is a }-3|
v<d
thousandth of a millimeter: a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod-shaped g8 (zvG;Y
bacteria are usually from two to four microns long, while rounded ones are generally \3P.G S{l
one micron in diameter. Thus, if you enlarged a rounded bacterium a thousand times, V K/;ohTTP
it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same cswX?MN
amount would be over a mile (1.6 kilometers) tall. EleK*l
Even with an ordinal microscopy, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a p fj%AP:
magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or yZf+*j/a7
dots. One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can */gm! :Ym
see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy-looking “hairs” called flagella. \cq
gCab/2
Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the b6Jv|1w'
water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power, while ([loWr}QR
others can glide along over surfaces by some little-understood mechanism. 1tvgM
!.
From the bacterial point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is pg3B^
to humans. To a bacterium, water is as thick as molasses is to us. Bacteria are so small /1X0h
that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them. ]?P9M<0PM
Bacteria under the microscope, even those with no flagella, often bounce about in vkmTd4g
the water. This is because they collide with the water molecules and are pushed this H \$04vkR
way and that. Molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules ?#@JH
around a bacterium have all been replaced by new ones; even bacteria without flagella }8E//$J
are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment. u@SE)qg
26. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage? >SJ#
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A. The characteristics of bacteria jd;=5(2
B. How bacteria reproduce /p~Wk4'
C. The various functions of bacteria csTX',c
D. How bacteria contribute to disease ;^)(q<]
27. Bacteria are measured in __________. HjTK/x'_'L
A. Inches y}jX/
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B. Centimeters M 7j0&>NTG
C. Microns 4kO[|~#
D. millimeters A3%s5`vNvH
28. Which of the following is the smallest? htbN7B(
A. A p inhead )I<p<HQD
B. A rounded bacterium Ww*='lz
C. A microscope ;czMsHu0X
D. A rod-shaped bacterium 620y[iiK$
29. According to the passage, someone who examines bacteria using only a 2BOe,giy
microscope that magnifies 100 times would see ___________. Yo:l@(
A. tiny dots Xz5 aTJ&
B. small “hairs”
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C. large rods _+K[1P
D. detailed structures +~J
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30. The relationship between a bacterium and its flagella is most nearly analogous to c_xtwdkL9
which of the following? x#"|Z&Dw0
A. A rider jumping on a horse’s back E" iH$NN
B. A ball being hit by a bat "HFS5Bj'
C. A boat powered by a motor UM%[UyYQ
D. A door closed by a gust of wind. T{u!4Yu
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. LH..8nfl
Although, recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from s}A)sBsaP3
individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing. v=?U
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Consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon Ky`rf}cI>
monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical, reactions with FQ?,&s$Bmd
hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally established limits. There is a =flgKRKk.r
growing, realization that the only effective way to achieve, further reductions in MrjET!`.jC
vehicle emissions-short of a massive shift away from the private automobile-is to $DW3H1iW
replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner burning fuels such as /B"h#v-o
compressed natural gas liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol, or methanol. !o &+
All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels whose molecules are smaller and VtF^;
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simpler than those of gasoline. These molecules burn more cleanly than gasoline, in <Fb3\T L
part because they have fewer, if and, carbon-carbon bonds, and the hydrocarbons they ;nG"y:qq
do emit are less likely to generate ozone. The combustion of large molecules, which xEaRuH c
have multiple carbon-carbon bonds, involves a more complex series of reactions. G5Y5_r6Gu
These reactions increase the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likely YKLh$
to release uncombusted and photochemically active hydrocarbon compounds into the &V1N
a1`
atmosphere. O n the other hand, alternative fuels do have drawbacks. Compressed a&)0_i:r
natural gas would require that vehicles have a set of heavy fuel tanks-a serious c"t1E-Nsk
liability in terms of performance and fuel efficiency and liquefied petroleum gas faces ~\/>b}^uf'
fundamental limits on supply. @lAOi1m,,
Ethanol and methanol, on the other hand, have important advantages over other ws
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carbon-based alternative fuels; they have hither energy content per volume and would #(h~l> r
require minimal changes in the existing network for distributing motor fuel. Ethanol is
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commonly used as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about twice as expensive N+l~r]: &
as methanol, the low cost of which is one of its attractive features. Methanol’s most )7=B]{B_
attractive feature, however, is that it can reduce by about 90 percent the vehicle X`]-)(UX
emissions that form ozone, the most serious urban air pollutant. mp0p#8txi
Like any alternative fuel, methanol has its critics. Yet much of the criticism is 'Z'X`_
based on the use of “gasoline clone” vehicles that do not incorporate even the simplest V4qHaG
design improvements that are made possible with the use of methanol. It is true, for
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example, that a given volume of methanol provides only about one-half of the energy * 103
that gasoline and diesel fuel do; other things being equal, the fuel tank would have to YS,kjL/
be somewhat larger and heavier. However, since methanol-fueled vehicles could be &d`Umm]
designed to be much more efficient than “gasoline clone” vehicles fueled with xPb;_~
methanol, they would need comparatively less fuel. Vehicles incorporating only the 9:A>a3KOH
simplest of the Engine improvements that methanol makes feasible would still z=!$3E ecr
contribute to an immediate lessening of urban air pollution. rfYu8-
31. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with __________. t*<vc]D
A. countering a flawed argument that dismisses a possible solution to a problem. ]l+Bg;F#V
B. reconciling contradictory points of view about the nature of a problem. MTb}um.($
C. identifying the strengths of possible solutions to a problem. i2.y)K)
D. discussing a problem and arguing in favor of one solution to it. ogML
v}
32. According to the passage, incomplete combustion is more likely to occur with CB_(9T72H
gasoline than with an alternative fuel because: __________. VbM5]UT/
A. the combustion of gasoline releases photochemically active hydrocarbons. ]?-56c,
B. the combustion of gasoline involves an intricate series of reactions. dpZ7eJ
C. gasoline molecules have a simple molecular structure. h@Ea$1'e,
D. gasoline is composed of small molecules. b-]E-$Uz
33. The passage suggests which of the Following about air pollution? @<CJbFgJp
A. Further attempts to reduce emissions from gasoline-fueled vehicles will not 9/}i6j8Z
help lower urban air-pollution levels. j6Jz
B. Attempts to reduce the pollutions that an individual gasoline-fueled vehicle WeuV+}\b
emits have been largely unsuccessful. 3
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C. Few serious attempts have been made to reduce the amount of pollutants Ou2
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emitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles. #H
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D. Pollutants emitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles are not the most critical source M42Zpb].
of urban air pollution. dtA- 4Ndm
34. The author describes which of the following as the most appealing feature of m80+b8b
methanol? edGV[=]F
A. It is substantially less expensive than ethanol. t8i"f L
B. It could be provided to consumers through the existing motor fuel distribution l]WV?^*
system. 8o -?Y.2
C. It has a higher energy content than other alternative fuels. ]~?k%Mpw
D. Its use would substantially reduce ozone levels. &@dMk4BH<
35. It can be inferred that the author of the passage most likely regards the criticism
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8
of methanol in the last paragraph as __________. 4Xz6JJ1U[H
A. flawed because of the assumptions on which it is based. H7Y}qP5X
B. inapplicable because of an inconsistency in the critics’ arguments. {!N4|
C. misguided because of its exclusively technological focus. V]q{N-Iq
D. invalid because it reflects the personal bias of the critics. r0\bi6;s/
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage. $)n{}8^
Tests of reaction times seemed to back up the notion that the two hemispheres ~;+i[Z&e
differed in their processing styles. Researchers used to believe that an image goes to "3\RJ?eW:S
one hemisphere first, and then to the opposite side of the brain. If the nature of the EHzZ9zH\
stimulus and the preference of the hemisphere match up, then the person can respond ^iV@NVP
slightly more quickly and accurately in identifying the local or global image. N->;q^
Still more startling, researchers found that the same appeared to hold for the brains {_q2kk
of chimps and perhaps other primates. The assumption has always been that rA1
gH6D
handedness and brain asymmetry are strictly human traits---part of the great brain UD9h5PgT
reorganization that allowed our ancestor to use tools, speak and perhaps even think N.64aL|1
rationally. But handedness is now widely claimed for primates and even birds, >hQR
amphibians and whales. And in the past few years, some psychologists have tested >p<(CVX[
chimps and baboons and suggested their two hemispheres also differ in processing F)gL=6h
style. 9txZ6/
Now researchers have come to see the distinction between the two hemispheres as `Mjm/9+18
a subtle one of processing style, with every mental faculty shared across the brain, and 0I#<-9&d-
each side contributing in a complementary, not exclusive, fashion. A smart brain 8vT:icl
became one that simultaneously grasped both the foreground and the background of 'R'>`?Nh
the moment VqbiZOZ@
The next problem was to work out exactly how the brain manages to produce
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these two contrasting styles. Many researchers originally looked for the explanation in {^\-%3$
a simple wiring difference within the brain. This theory held that neurons in the left >|iy= Zn%'
cortex might make sparse, short-range connections with their neighbors, while cells #zy%B
on the other side would be more richly and widely connected The result would be that C$tSsw?A
the representation of sensations and memories would be confined lo smallish, discrete t
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areas in the left hemisphere, while exactly the same input to a corresponding area of }!d}febk_
the right side would form a sprawling even impressionistic pattern of activity.
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Supporters of this idea argued that these structural differences would explain why )T4L^^`
left brain language areas are so good at precise representation of words and word z)0VP QMT
sequences while the right brain seems to supply a wider sense of context and meaning. )a}5\V
A striking finding from some people who suffer right-brain stokes is that they can a>kDG <.A
understand the literal meaning of sentences-their l eft brain can still decode the cr/|dc'
words-- -but they can no longer get jokes or allusions. Asked to explain even a 6
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common proverb, such as “a stitch in time saves nine”, they can only say it must have =3T?U_u@
something to do with sewing. An intact right brain is needed to make the more playful QB.7n&u
connections. /Mk)H
d
36. The local or global image is more quickly and accurately identified in the brain GmHsO/
if _______. 4ku /3/6
A. tests of reaction times back up the notion of the two hemispheres =aekY;/
B. an image goes to one hemisphere first, and then to the opposite side of the v]J# SlF
brain \%C[l
C. the nature of the stimulus and the preference of the hemisphere match up 4tC_W!?$t
D. the person can match the image with an object K@
i*Nl
37. Handedness and brain asymmetry are strictly human traits, as is shown in Z\L@5.*ydE
________. %b?Pas
f.
A. the brains of chimps and perhaps other primates Y]lqtre*Y
B. the fact that the great brain reorganization allowed our ancestor to use tools O7\s1
V;
C. the fact that human beings alone can use tools, speak and think rationally f8 jaMn9o
D. the two brain hemispheres of chimps and baboons n~ql]Ln
38. According to the text, a smart brain has all the following characteristics gfYB|VyWo
EXCEPT _________. % n{W
A. with different processing style @(
t:E`8
B. with shared mental faculty e?YbG.(E9
C. each side contributing in a complementary j[fQs,efK
D. grasping the foreground and the background of the moment e!yw"Cf*
39. What is the problem of the people who suffer right-brain strokes? -1:Z^&e/
A. They can hardly understand the literal meaning of sentences. R]Oy4U,f
B. Their left brain can still decode the words. ETOc4hMO
C. They do not understand the common proverb “a stitch in time saves nine”. [FL I+;gY
D. They cannot grasp the meaning of jokes or allusions. Fjzk;o
40. The best title for the text may be __________. gp HwiFc
A. Left Brain, Right Brain Dkb&/k:)
B. The Local of Global Image Q.1ohj0)
C. Human Brain and Animal Brain wDO5Zew!
D. The Smart Brain _);Kb/
Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage. {wP|b@(1t
(此文不全) ^0Q*o1W
The Du Pont Company, the 13th largest employer in the U.S., routinely gives \zU5G#LQ
pre-employment blood tests to all blacks who apply for jobs to determine who might ]e.+u
be a carrier of the trait for sickle-cell anemia, even though the trait is regarded as G 7]wg>*
largely harmless. Although there are other genetically transmitted blood diseases and zfb _ )
metabolic disorders that predominate in racial or ethnic groups, blacks are the only 05B+WJ1
ones to be identified with a disease and examined for it at Du Pont. In a three month 3.X0!M;x
study of genetic screening in the American lace, the New York Times found no YSo7~^1W"
other instance of an ethnic or racial group singled out in or company. Ra5'x)m36)
Du Pont officials emphasize that the sickle trait tests do not represent discrimination %wW5)Y I
and are only an effort to help them avoid potentially harmful exposure to certain /zf>>O`
chemicals. Yet the officials can offer no firm evidence that the trait -- not the disease, ~C'nBV
but only a single abnormal gene -- makes blacks more vulnerable. lzG;F]
Du Pont, which employs well over 100,000 workers, is in the vanguard of American 4QAIQQS
companies doing genetic screening and thus is at the center of the debate over this [IFRwQ^%_O
area of science, debate so intense, so broad, that even medical directors from other HFuaoS+b*
companies who believe possibilities of genetic screening want no part of it. At v8bl-9DQ
least, not now but officials at Du a leader in the chemical industry with annual &hN&nH"PC
gross sales of more than $ 10 billion, feel they have the money and the scientists to ~88 Tz+
turn the distrust into achievement. If some chemicals are highly toxic and the \Z20fh2
workplace is less than pure, company officials reason, it is only logical to try to ^
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determine why some workers get sicker faster and why others seem to have more QX.6~*m1
tolerance for industrial poisons. And so the company is looking beyond the skills and noNF;zT
loyalty of its workers to ery genetic structure. NK9WrUj)
The sickle-cell trait is not the same as sickle-cell anemia. The anemia is rare but gkML .u
debilitating disorder found in fewer than 50,000 American blacks, about two-tenths of Xm:=jQn
a percent of the black population. Perhaps two million other blacks are carriers of $;uWj|
the trait -- they are heterozygous; that ing a gene for sickle-cell 2~WFLD
anemia from one parent. Virtually all the carriers can lead very active lives and show cJ##K/es
no symptoms of the disease. iW1ih QX
41. What does the author say about Du Pont? yC0f/O
A. It examined the blood of some blacks 9id~NNr7
B. It examined some blacks for their knowledge of blood. YD46Z~$
C. It discovered that some blacks have blood illness. {IPn\Bka
D. It discovered the blood of some blacks containing industrial chemicals. S2ppKlVv
42. What do Du Pont officials say? (Ef2
w['
A. They are trying to protect blacks form health threats. qIGu#zX W
B. They can prove that blacks are likely to have health problems. w
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C. They regard the skills of workers as the most important matter. -[=AlqL
D. They hope that other companies can follow their example. &@W4^-9
43. What is true about genetic screening? Jn[q<e"
A. It often aims at black employees. W?^8/1U
B. Its focus is often on sickle-cell anemia. 2JA&{ch
C. Some companies do not want to do it. (Gi+7GMV'
D. The US government strongly supports it. PUE'Rr(Q
44. The underlined word “toxic” in the third paragraph probably means _____. ST:
v3*
A. powerful. X40la_[.
B. complex. vfJ3idvo*w
C. thick. I(^jOgYU
D. poisonous. Qh|-a@
45. What can we learn about the carriers of sick-cell trait? _b!;(~@p
A. Their number is about 50,000. JA?,0S
B. They usually seem to have normal lives. }RA3$%3
C. They include over half of the black population. 9 {O2B5u1
D. They do not seem to be affected by industrial chemicals. Y8J;+h9
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. .7pGx*WH^Y
Teenagers are spending more money than ever. Just last year, 31.6 million teens wRXn9
spent 155 billion, according to the Northbrook, Illinois-based market research group
5W[3_P+
Teenage Research Unlimited. Much of that money, of course, comes from parents. (#j2P0B
Shocked at how much money kids spend? Maybe you haven’t cheeked the price P"R97#C
tags lately on some of the younger generation’s must-haves. PPwxk;
To some, such extravagant spending on the notoriously fickle young might seem C.yY8?|
outrageous. Why do some parents give in? "pSH!0Ap\
One factor is surely the sheer power of marketing through mass media. According 1z})mfsh
to the group Adbusters, teenagers are exposed to an estimated 3,000 advertisements a%7"_{s1
each day. Combine the ads with programming itself, like the fashion-, music-,and l zfD)TWb
skin-filled shows on MTV and y o u’ve got a barrage of messages telling kids what they r#_7]_3
should own if they want to fit in. My]+?.Ru
“The pressures on parents today are enormous,” says Tom Vogele, a single father O`wYMng)
of twin 18-year-old girls in Newport Beach, Calif. “I truly believe it is harder today to a.
h?4+^bN
raise children without spoiling them, not because parents are less capable or lazy, but [;(]Jy
because so many forces are working against me.” uY&=eQ_Cb
Many working parents probably compensate by spending money on their kids, ,U6*kvHS6
says Timothy Marshall, an associate professor of developmental psychology at jd ["eI
Christopher Newport University in Virginia. For some, there is probably some guilt u^`eKak"l
involved in not spending enough time at home. But, adds Marshall, spending money !Oeq
G
is also often more convenient in our fast-paced society than going to baseball games wzD\8_;6N
or other activities. 6RK ~Dl&g
“It’s easier to say let’s go out and spend some money, in terms of finding time in a 7*zB*"B'1t
busy schedule to spend with kids,55 Marshall said. jg~_'4f#
For many families, of course, keeping up with their children’s costly demands for q<-%L1kc1
designer clothing, CDs, and concert tickets is a financial impossibility. Even for those sW;7m[o
families who can afford such lavish spending, striking a compromise between spoiling @4;HC=~
the kids and denying them is tricky, but possible. $Llta,ULE
Teaching kids how to budget and save is key, Marshall says. Instead of just giving C=>B_EO
children the toys or clothing they desire, give them an allowance and show them how pU
M&"V
they can save up for whatever they want, he says. CXBzX:T?#
And don’t be afraid to just say no, Marshall adds. “We need to step up and tell /wr6\53J
kids where the boundaries are, that is parts of our responsibility as parents,” he said. ?K0U3V$s
46. In the first paragraph, “Northbrook” is most probably _______. m'd^?Qc
A. a market research company based in Illinois 2bWUa~%B
B. a spokesman for the Teenage Research Unlimited 7nm}f
T
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C. the base of the Teenage Research Unlimited 8|w-XR
D. the city where the spending survey was carried out. hQJo~'W=
47. Some people find it outrageous that . e[s5N:IUd3
A. some parents indulge their children in extravagant spending f7Yz>To
B. some younger generation’s must-haves could cost so much _Aa[?2 O
C. some parents are ignorant about their children’s spending 1:_=g #WH
D. some children disregard their notorious spending habits S0F@#mSQ?
48. What is the effect of marketing through mass media? LaDY`u0G%
A. It fills the market with ads beyond the young’s understanding. -)X{n?i
B. It directs not only the trend but also the ways of advertising. ai4PM
b$p
C. It stuffs all kinds of ads into TV shows and radio programs. =qw&dwIQ
D. It triggers young people’s desire to keep up with the trend. =:4?>2)
49. According to Marshall, parents prefer to spend money on their children mainly )i @1XH"D
because __. IK3qE!,&U
A. they can’t afford the time to stay with their children. ^+M><jE9
B. they want to make up their guilt for their children. 3x![8 x
C. they find it more convenient than going out with the children. t~ -J %$
D. they feel it is hard to raise children without indulging them 3EmcYC
50. What does Marshall think parents should do with the children’s spending @m?{80;uQ
habit? lcCJ?!lsSW
A. They should refuse to pay for their lavish spending. lj*8mS/;h
B. They should restrain the children’s spending within limits. [7RheXO<
C. They should be responsible for providing for the children. \BUqDd!
D. They should draw up a budget plan for the children. %]#VdS|N
Part III Cloze (10 points) QNb>rLj52
Directions: dnwdFsf
It is a commonplace among moralists that you cannot get happiness by pursuing it. WO@H*
This is only true if you pursue it _51_. Gamblers at Monte Carlo are pursuing money, [^M|lf
and most of them lose it instead, but there are other ways of pursuing money, which Z:|9N/>T
often _52_. So it is with happiness. If you pursue it _53_ drink, you are forgetting the SF^x=[ir
hang-over. Epicurus pursue it by living only in congenial society and eating only dry /$Z
m~Mp
bread, __54_ by a little cheese on feast days. His method proved successful in his case, -E]Sk&4Gj
but he was a valetudinarian, and most people would need something more _55_. For ~0ooRUWU7
most people, the pursuit of happiness, _56_ supplemented in various ways, is too jN6b*-2
Read the following text. Choose the best word((s) for each numbered "5}%"-#
bland and mark A, B, C, or D on Answer Sheet. /[iG5~G
abstract and theoretical to be _57_ as a personal rule of life. But I think that _58_ G'9{a'
personal rule of life you may choose it should not, except in rare and heroic cases, be +0"x|$f~
_59_ with happiness. sB6dpD
There are a great many people who have all the _60_ conditions of happiness, i.e. .LObOR5J7
health and a sufficient income, and who, _61_, are profoundly unhappy. In such cases *NlpotW,f
it would seem as if the _62_ must lie with a wrong theory as to how to live. In one (Y2mmd
sense, we may say that any theory as to how to live is wrong. We imagine ourselves ?'wsIH]m
more different from the animals than we are. Animals live on _63_, and are happy as m?;$;x~Dj
long as external conditions are _64_. If you have a cat it will enjoy life if it has food Mlj#b8
and warmth and opportunities for an _65_ night on the tiles. Your needs are more E:w:4[neh
complex than those of your cat, but they still have their basis in instinct. In civilized e:OyjG5_
societies, especially in English-speaking societies, this is too _66_ to be forgotten. Hbk&6kS
People proposed to themselves some one paramount objective and _67_ all impulses kaQ2A
that do not minister to it. A business man may be so _68_ to grow rich that to this end .45^=2NGmQ
he _69_ health and private affections. When at last he has become rich, no _70_ K%gP5>y*9>
remains to him except harrying other people by exhortations to imitate his noble FVgMmYU
example. '9J*6uXf.
51. A. eagerly B. reasonably C. reluctantly D. #) ]c0]p
unwisely 5+K;_)
52. A. s ucceed B. enrich C. win D. CCqT tp
defeat &g0g]G21*I
53. A. at the expense of B. by means of C. in need of D. for yN\e{;z`
fear of XdsJwn F
54. A. compensated B. supplemented C. accompanied D. 6peyh_
accumulated (A{
NF(
55. A. prosperous B. rigorous C. vigorous D. iF9_b
gorgeous m<: IFx#
56. A. e ven B. though C. unless D. if PZ,z15PG]
57. A. extravagant B. deficient C. excessive D. i8~r
adequate G {b:i8}l
58. A. w hatever B. whenever C. however D. 7petHi
whosever eko]H!Ov(
59. A. incomparable B. incompatible C. incapable D. U<Jt50O
incredible r,xmEj0E
60. A. spiritual B. material C. economical D. social W
x]d $_
61. A. nevertheless B. therefore C. otherwise D. hence ]V<-J
62. A. flaw B. error C. defect D. fault 'RTtE
63. A. intelligence B. imitation C. impulse D. qn"K9k
impression 6D/ '`
64. A. vulnerable B. conceivable C. endurable D. B QjGv?p0s
favorable
c Zvf"cIs
65. A. e nthusiastic B. occasional C. indifferent D. >I<PO.c!
underlying 'MQ%)hipA
66. A. abrupt B. absurd C acute D. apt s@!$='|
67. A. hinder B. restrain C. refrain D. m22wF>9
abolish }9&9G%
68. A. a nxious B. obvious C. suspicious D. 1 Z[f
{T)
cautious js <Ww$zFW
69. A. abandons B. cherishes C. sacrifices D. N
:W9},
reconciles DDw''
70. A. p leasure B. property C. wealth D. r:9gf?(&
opportunities '*
!L!VJ
Part IV English-Chinese Translation (15 points) LM.`cb;?G
Directions: Read the following passage into Chinese and write your answers on the 0=![fjm
Answer )^/0cQcJ
The railroad industry could not have grown as large as it did without steel. The `\b+[Nes
first rails were made of iron. But iron rails were not strong enough to support heavy o""~jc~
trains running at high speeds. Railroad executives wanted to replace them with steel WzlC*iv
rails because steel was ten or fifteen times stronger and lasted twenty limes longer. A6p`ma
$L
Before the 1870’s, however, steel was too expensive to be widely used. It was made +jV_Wz
by a slow and expensive process of heating, stirring, and reheating iron ore. wk[
wNIu
Sheet. b{&FuvQg