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The second most important constituent of the biosphere is
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liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures, DPy"FQYZb
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since water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C. This is 9W'#4
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only a tiny range compared with the low temperatures of some 3=;iC6
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other planets and the hot interior of the earth, let the temperature __1__ d/R:-{J)c
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of the sun. by controlpanel (qB$I\
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As we know, life would only be possible on the face of a __2__ '<1T>|`/t
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planet had temperatures somewhere within this range. __3__ [!bTko>rSB
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The earth’s supply of water probably remains quite fairly constant __4__ if^\Gs$
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in quantity. A certain number of hydrogen atoms, which UN,@K9
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are one of the main constituents of water, are lost by escaping :Q&8DC#]
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from the atmosphere to out space, but they are probably just __5__ 7CwG(c/5
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about to be replaced by new water rising away from the depths of the __6__ 5^P)='0*
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earth during volcanic action. The total quantity of water is not gX6'!}G8]
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known, and it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe __7__ jQsucs5$h
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to a depth of about two and three-quarter kms. Most of it—97% 4b6$Mj
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is in the form of the salt waters of the oceans. The rest is ds7I .Q'
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fresh, but three quarter of this is in the form of ice at the Poles __8__ G9}[g)R*
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and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems when __9__ HOu<,9?>Q
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melted. Of the remaining fraction, which is somewhat fewer __10__ nm\n\j~
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than 1%of the whole, there is 10-20 times as much stored as underground t{84ioJ"$
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water as is actually on the surface. There is also a minor,