中国人民大学——英语2004年博士研究生入学考试试题 H3=U|wr|
Ok-*xd
客观题部分 MIcF"fB![
`+~@VZ3m
请用铅笔将此部分试题的答案填涂在答题卡上,否则无效! WJG& `PP
II. Vocabulary (10 points) yNk9KK )
PartA (5 points) IxY%d}[uo
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices
e]\{ Ia
marked iL B, C arm 1). Choose the:one thatbest completes the I("J$
sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across mQQ5>0^m
the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1. 33O@jbs@
Example: w5I
+5/I
She prefers foreign wine to that produced__ ^O
cM)Z6h
A. previously B. vLrtually C. primarily D. domestically ,!"\L~6
The sentence should read,; "She prefers foreign wine to that produce Nl_Sgyx,\
domesticany." Therefore, you should choose D. pKrol]cth8
Sample Answer *g$egipfF
[A] [B] [C] [D] a7#J af
1. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the X@u-n_
present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages__ *$nz<?
patriotism. g;U f?
A. obsolete B. aggressive C. harmonious D. amiable z.f~wAT@<
Z One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and q9j9"M'
fleeting reactions of their eyes and __ to expressed thoughts. wL]7d3t
A. dilemmas B. countenances C. concessions D. junctions sF?N vp
3. People innately _____ for superiority over their peers although it W{\){fr6O
sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.
j|f$:
j
A. strive B. ascertain C. justify D. adhere O>^0}
4. Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife 9,|&+G$
for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set #NM.g
up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them. XDvT#(Pu
A. conservation B. maintenance C. storage D. reserve v_*E:E
5. According to the latest report, consumer confidence___ a breathtaking iY~9`Q1E
15 points .last month, to its lowest level in 9 years. {q2H_H
A. soared B. mutated C. plummeted D. fluctuated hS4Ljyeg
6. Melissa is a computer___ that destroyed files in computers and dB7E&"f
frustrated thousands of users around the world. C%<[mM
A. genius B. vires C. disease D. bacteria iG*3S)
7. The emphasis:on examinations is iby far the. worst form of KOWx P47b
competition in schools. i]Or'L0c
A. negligent B. edible C. fabulous D. disproportionate 6=]%Y
8. The boy seemed more _____ to their poverty, after seeing how his >a98H4
grandparents lived. jp2AU,Cl
A. reconciled B. consolidated ]@bo; .
C. deteriorated D. attributed =:(8F*Q
9. During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never____ a chance to '\dau>
practice his Chinese. ANh5
-8y
A. passed on B. passed up C. passed by D. passed out ,R$n I*mf_
10. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ____ can be 95giqQ(N
distributed. K"1xtpy
A. paradoxes B. legacies C. platitudes D. analogin zH8l-0I+$
Part B (5 points) : g/H N9
Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase j3F[C:-zY
underlined. Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and )K\w0sjR
D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underiined part. +O:Qw[BL/Z
Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square 0V*L",9M
bracket on ANSWER SHEET I. li\hH d5
Example: o
Wg5-pMWZ
The secretary is Very competent; she can finish all these letters within one BvpGP
.. ;.,ca, ODe 6l IFxc
bour. u D_|
/ (
A. careful B. industrious C. clever D. capable >L?)f3_a
In this sentence, "competent" is closest -;n m e:zting to "capable". Therefore HS| &["
you should choose D. ^lB'7#7
Sample Answer
(`gqLPx[
[A] [B] [C] [DD] DGdSu6s$
11. He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional >1xlP/4jx
roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby. ws4a(1
A. depict B. advocate D; criticize D. analyze YSk,kU
12,. They achieved more than they had eyer dreamed, lending a magic tO their ro7\}O:I
family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival. 6w<jg/5t
A.confirm B. achieve C.match D exaggerate E
N%cjvE
13. The most urgent thing is to find a dump. for those toxic____ industrial wastes. axnkuP(
A. imminent B. recyclable C. smelly D. poisonous @rkNx@[~
i4. British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would WcAX/<Y >
nor be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N.sanction. QNzI
A. allies B. delegates C. voters D. juries "#d}S)GlXM
15. The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our :children's college and L~SM#?z:ue
our own retirement security is ,chilling. OOs Y{8xM
A. frightening B. promising C. freezing D. revealing )#Ea~>v
16. Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British D#508{)
Crown. {,|*99V
A. secret plan B. bold attack C. clever design D. joint effort h djv/
17. Evidence, reference, and foomotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous "n:z("Q*
researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different n
!]_o
beorefical and political positions. bNp
RGhlV
A. trustworthy B. intelligent C. diligent D. meticulous aGx`ec*t
18. Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, them are no stories of women ` *x;&.&v
being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region. >%x7-->IB
A. intriguing B. exasperating: C. demonstrative D. unprovoked 8v\BW^z3
19. The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up WE 'afxgV
faces for .nocturnal raids in the forest. rq Dre`m
A. illegal B. night-time C, brutal D. abusive d%N
O_=I.
20. Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a |"?0H#
more avid fondness for the limelight, O8"kIDr-
A. mercurial B, gallant C. ardent D. frugal :w:hqe|_
III. Cloze (10 points) %fnL
Directions : Read the following passage. Choose the best word for each r ,D
T>
numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the ,]\L\ V
square bracket on Answer Sheet I. 5ycccMx0V
Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, g"c\ouSY
___ 21 ___ into a hobby and Iately has ____22 ____ into a full- time passion. The iyAeR!`
two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph. D candidates e<6fe-g9;
___ 23 _ Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started theirguide in a` A V
April 1994 as a way to keep 24 of their personal interest on the Intemet. &eKnLGKD
Before long they ___25 ___ that their home,brewed lists were becoming too kL\
FY
long and ____ 26____ Gradually they began to spend more andmore time on
O@6iG
Yahoo. |RS9N_eRt
During 1994, they ____ 27____ yahoo into a customized database designed ozwPtF5
to____28_____ the needs of the thousands of users____29____ began to use the A-Be}A
service through the closely ___ 30____ Intemet community. They developed CtJ*:wF
customized software to help them___ 31 ___ locate, identify and edit material 9`]Gosz
___32___ on the Intemet. The name Yahoo is ____ 33____ to stand for "Yet
{fFZ%$
Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle". but Filo and Yang insist they selected +XCLdf}dC
the ___34 ___ because they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo? itself first w=H
___ 35 ___ on Yang's workstation, "akebono", while the search engine was 35;|r
___ 36 ___ on Filo's computer, "Konishiki". FOVghq@
In early 1995 Marc Andreessen, co-founder of Netscape Communication z)p(
l!
in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files rT7W_[&P
___ 37___ to larger computers ___38____ at Netscape. As a result Stanford's r0t4\d
_&
computer network returned to ___ 39___ , and both parties benefiasc. Today, o~<Xc
Yahoo___ 40 ___ organized information on tens of thousands of computers @a2n{
linked to the web. Ey96XJV
1. A. became B. grew C. mm D. intend 2-=Ov@y2k!
2. A. made B. saw C. looked D. turned " O0p.o
3. A. in B. on C. about D. fer d1]CN6 7{G
4. A. touch ?. contact C. n-ack D. record 4'u +%6+__
5. A. founded E. found C. argued D. reported -i93
6. A. unwieldy B. tough C. tamable D invaluable BV)oF2b:
7. A. exchanged B. shank C. sold D. converted )+ifVv50
8. A. explain B. serve C. discover D. evaluate 4P(muOS
9. A. which B. that C. actually D. eagerly ;IyA"C(i
10. A. relative B. interactive C.bound D. contacted $O
nh2
^
11. A. fluently B. efficiently C.exactly D. actually
>s dT=6v
12. A. transmitted B. purchased C. sold D. FK;3atrz
13. A. about B. bound C. going D. supposed ~]f6@n
I4. A. fable B. model C. name D. brand .cks){\
15. A. supported B. resided C. lived D. launched #BtJo:
16. A. connected B. lodged C. introduced D. linked b5i ehoA
17. A. over B, away C. inside D. beneath ZZ'5BfI"I%
18. A. housed B. caught C. hosed D. bidden P^'TI[\L9
19. A. average B. normal C. ordinary D. equal tzIcR
#Z
20. A. attains B.detains C. maintains D. contains z|Y Ms?
IV. Reading Comprehension (20 points) m3T
=x =
Directions: Read the following passages, decideon the best one of the choices I9
(6
marked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark @T.+:U@S
the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the x-nO; L-2p
ANSWER SHEET. [&(~{#}
M:
Passage 1 .9NYa |+0
Guthrie's contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break l+nT$IPF
babies. *Jwx,wF}4
One application of the thrcshoM method involves the time young children g1kYL$ o4
spend on academic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so the gpw,bV
length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most activities rdH3!
are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start of -DuI
6K
the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often +)xjw9b
result. To apply Gutiarie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit dtj+ avG
activities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teacher could x^zw1e,y
gredually increase the time students spend working on a single activity. 8IkmFXj
The threshold methoci also can be applied to teaching printing abd $c{fPFe-
handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their movements }el7@Gv
awkward and they lack free motor coordination. The distances between lines on a[_IG-l|i4
a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space. If paper R53^3"q~
with narrow lines is initially introduced, students' letters would spill over the {E[t(Ig
borders and students might become frustrated. Once students can form letters bj6;>Ezp3(
within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them XL[Dmu&
refine their skills. t"s$YB>}
The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students xtBu]I)%
who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room. The teacher can Z;<:=#
remove the students from the classroom, We them a large stack of paper, and *
Z$W"JP
tell them to start making paper airplanes. After the students have made several |}? H$d
airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for JZdRAL2#v
not building airplanes. 7gcR/HNeF
Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their &]h`kvtBC
physical education class. To employ the fatigue method, theteacher might '&+]85_&$
decide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class has d_,Ql708f
begun. ~N%+ZXh&E
The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and mW$Oi++'d
misbehave in the media center. Reading is incompatible with talking. The 's.e"F#
media center teacher might ask the students'to find interesting books and read 0l3[?YtXc
them while in the center. Assuming that the studentS find the books enjoyable, ^TD%l8o6
the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books xG;;ykh.]
rather than for talking with other students. 2F+"v?n=\
In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacher =;4K5l{c
realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very }N}Js*
boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, Q}G2f4
such as experiments, videotapes, and debates, in an attempt to involvs students ;Xf1BG r
and raise their interest in the course. O,Tp,wT
41. The purpose of this passage is to___ ?e
m8nZ'
A. inform B. persuade C. debate D. narrate "
F}dZ
42. Guthrie identified three methods for__ q 'd]
A. educating students B. altering bad habits
MhR`
C. avoiding undesired action D. forming good hobbies < =~=IZ)
43. Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold U3C"o|
method? v)T#
iw[
A. Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food than the ]tXIe?>9
child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it. 2*<Zc|uNW
B. Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young z"T+J?V/
children and gradually increase session length but not to where students #6vf:94
become frustrated or bored. 78{9@\e"0
C. Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is PJ;WNo8
introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting. =^GPQ
_"
D. A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fan by his kc0MQ TJU
parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys. Y<|JhqOXK
44. To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands :o'|%JE
busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth. Over Yb^e7Eug
time. watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than p:TE##
snac 'king. What method is used in this example? 9DJ&J{2W
A. The threshold method. B. The fatigue method. }2@Z{5sh)
C. The incompatible response method. D. The punishment method. v
@|<.
45. We can draw the conclusion from the passage that <!g]q1
A. The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted n<bU' n
response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes >t)Pcf|s
exhausted Cyd/HTNh<
B. The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a
:`NZD
response incompatible with the undesired response so they can not be [:.wCG5
performed simultaneously Dc@ O Mr
C. The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformde <zR{'7L/
into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes >({qgzV`
a cue for not performing it A[uE#T^
D. The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child jhm/<=
make response incompatible with unwanted response WI4<2u;
Passage 2 ;.Bz'Q
The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot :-}K:ucaj
afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive. E+i*u
Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign %h@1lsm1+
countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many F<