考博英语——VOA Special English 基础词汇手册（2）

H
• hair - n. the fine material that grows from the skin, especially from the head
• half - n. one of two equal parts of something
• halt - v. to come or cause to come to a stop; to stop
• hang - v. to place something so the highest part is supported and the lower part is not; to kill by hanging
• happen - v. to become a fact or event; to take place
• happy - ad. pleased; satisfied; feeling good; not sad
• hard - ad. not easily cut or broken; solid; difficult to do or understand; needing much effort or force
• harm - v. to injure; to damage; n. damage; hurt
• harvest - v. to gather crops; n. the crop after it is gathered
• hat - n. a head cover
• hate - v. to have strong emotions against; to consider as an enemy; opposite love
• have - v. to possess; to own; to hold
• he - pro. the boy or man who is being spoken about
• head - v. to lead; to command; n. leader; chief; the top part of something; the highest position
• headquarter - n. the center from which orders are given; the main offices of a business or organization
• heal - v. to return to good health; to cure; to become well
• health - n. the general condition of the body and mind; the condition of being free from sickness or disease
• hear - v. to receive sound through the ears; to receive news about
• heat - v. to make hot or warm; n. great warmth; that which is produced by burning fuel; energy from the sun
• heavy - ad. having much weight; not easy to lift; of great amount or force
• helicopter - n. a machine without wings that can fly up or down or remain in one place above the ground
• help - v. to give support; to assist; to make easier; n. support; aid
• here - ad. in, to or at this place
• hero - n. a person honored for being brave or wise
• hide - v. to prevent from being seen or found; to make secret
• high - ad. tall; far up; far above the ground; important; above others
• hijack - v. to seize or take control of a vehicle by force
• hill - n. a small mountain
• history - n. the written record or description of past events; the study of the past
• hit - v. to strike; to touch with force
• hold - v. to carry or support, usually in the hands or arms; to keep in one position; to keep as a prisoner; to contain; to possess; to occupy; to organize and be involved in ("The two sides hold talks this week.")
• hole - n. an opening; a torn or broken place in something
• holiday - n. a day when one does not work; a day on which no work is done to honor or remember a person or event
• holy - ad. greatly honored in religion
• home - n. the building where a person lives, especially with family; the place where one was born or comes from; the area or country where one lives
• honest - ad. truthful; able to be trusted
• honor - v. to obey; to show strong, good feelings for ("to honor one's parents"); n. an award; an act of giving special recognition ("He received many honors for his efforts to help others.")
• hope - v. to expect; to believe there is a good chance that something will happen as wanted; to want something to happen
• horrible - ad. causing great fear; terrible
• horse - n. a large animal often used for racing, riding or farm work
• hospital - n. a place where sick or injured people are given medical care
• hostage - n. a person captured and held as a guarantee that a demand or promise will be honored
• hostile - ad. ready to fight; ready for war
• hot - ad. having or feeling great heat or a high temperature
• hotel - n. a building with rooms, and often food, for travellers
• hour - n. a measure of time; sixty minutes
• house - n. a building in which people live; a country's parliament or lawmaking group ("House of Representatives")
• how - ad. in what way; to what amount
• however - conj. yet; but
• huge - ad. very big; of great size
• human - ad. of or about people
• humor - n. the ability to understand, enjoy or express what makes people laugh
• hunger - n. the need for food
• hunt - v. to search for animals to capture or kill them; to seek; to try to find
• hurry - v. to do or go fast
• hurt - v. to cause pain, injury or damage
• husband - n. a man who is married
I
• I - pro. the person speaking
• ice - n. frozen water
• idea - n. a thought or picture in the mind; a belief
• identify - v. to recognize someone or something and to say who or what they are
• if - conj. on condition; provided that ("I will go if you go.")
• illegal - ad. not legal; in violation of a law
• imagine - v. to make a picture in the mind; to form an idea
• immediate - ad. without delay; very near in time or place
• import - v. to bring from another country; n. something brought from another country, usually for sale
• important - ad. having great meaning, value or power
• improve - v. to make better; to become better
• in - prep. inside; held by; contained by; surrounded by; during
• incident - n. an event or something that happens
• incite - v. to urge or cause an action or emotion, usually something bad or violent
• include - v. to have; to make a part of
• increase - v. to make more in size or amount
• independent - ad. not influenced by or controlled by another or others; free; separate
• individual - n. one person
• industry - n. any business that produces goods or provides services; the work and related activity in factories and offices; all organizations involved in manufacturing
• infect - v. to make sick with something that causes disease
• inflation - n. a continuing rise in prices while the value of money goes down
• influence - v. to have an effect on someone or something; to cause change
• inform - v. to tell; to give knowledge to
• information - n. knowledge; facts
• inject - v. to force a fluid into, such as putting medicine or drugs into the body through the skin
• injure - v. to cause harm or damage to a person or animal
• innocent - ad. not guilty of a crime; not responsible for a bad action
• insane - ad. mentally sick
• insect - n. a very small creature, usually with many legs and sometimes with wings
• inspect - v. to look at something carefully; to examine, especially by an expert
• instead - ad. in the place of; taking the place of
• instrument - n. a tool or device designed to do something or to make something
• insult - v. to say something or to do something that makes another person angry or dishonored
• intelligence - n. the ability to think or learn; information gathered by spying
• intelligent - ad. quick to understand or learn
• intense - ad. very strong; extremely serious
• interest - n. what is important to someone ("He acted to protect his interests." "She had a great interest in painting."); a share in owning a business; money paid for the use of money borrowed
• interfere - v. to get in the way of; to work against; to take part in the activities of others, especially when not asked to do so
• international - ad. of or about more than one nation or many nations; of the whole world
• intervene - v. to come between; to come between in order to settle or solve
• invade - v. to enter an area or country by force with an army
• invent - v. to plan and make something never made before; to create a new thing or way of doing something
• invest - v. to give money to a business or organization with the hope of making more money
• investigate - v. to study or examine all information about an event, situation or charge; to search for the truth
• invite - v. to ask someone to take part in or join an event, organization or gathering
• involve - v. to take part in; to become a part of; to include
• iron - n. a strong, hard metal used to make machines and tools
• island - n. a land area with water all around it
• issue - n. an important problem or subject that people are discussing or arguing about
• it - pro. a thing, place, event or idea that is being spoken about ("The sky is blue, but it also has a few white clouds.")
J
• jail - n. a prison for those waiting to be tried for a crime or for those serving sentences for crimes that are not serious
• jewel - n. a valuable stone, such as a diamond or emerald
• job - n. the work that one does to earn money
• join - v. to put together or come together; to become part of or a member of
• joint - ad. shared by two or more
• joke - n. something done or said to cause others to laugh
• judge - v. to form an opinion about; to decide a question, especially a legal one; n. a public official who decides problems of law in a court
• jump - v. to push down on the feet and move up quickly into the air
• jury - n. a group of people chosen to decide what is true in a trial
• just - ad. only ("Help me for just a minute."); very shortly before or after the present ("He just left."); at the same time ("He left just as I came in."); what is right or fair ("The law is just, in my opinion.")
K
• keep - v. to possess; to have for oneself
• kick - v. to hit with the foot
• kidnap - v. to seize and take away by force
• kill - v. to make dead; to cause to die
• kind - n. sort ("What kind of dog is that?"); ad. gentle; caring; helpful
• kiss - v. to touch with the mouth to show love or honor
• knife - n. a tool or weapon used to cut
• know - v. to understand something as correct; to have the facts about; to recognize someone because you have met and talked together before
• knowledge - n. that which is known; learning or understanding
L
• labor - n. work; workers as a group
• laboratory - n. a room or place where experiments in science are done
• lack - v. to be without; n. the condition of needing, wanting or not having
• lake - n. a large area of fresh water surrounded by land
• land - v. to come to the earth from the air ("Airplanes land at airports."); n. the part of the earth not covered by water; the ground
• language - n. words and their use; what people speak in a country, nation or group
• large - ad. big; being of more than usual size, amount or number; opposite small
• last - v. to continue ("The talks will last three days."); ad. after all others; the only one remaining ("She is the last person in line.")
• late - ad. after the correct time; near the end; opposite early
• laugh - v. to make sounds to express pleasure or happy feelings
• launch - v. to put into operation; to begin; to send into the air or space
• law - n. all or any rules made by a government
• lead - v. to show the way; to command; to control; to go first
• leak - v. to come out of or to escape through a small opening or hole (usually a gas or liquid)
• learn - v. to get knowledge about; to come to know a fact or facts
• leave - v. to go away from; to let something stay where it is
• left - ad. on the side that is toward the west when one is facing north; opposite right
• legal - ad. of or in agreement with the law
• legislature - n. a government lawmaking group
• lend - v. to permit someone to use a thing temporarily; to make a loan of money
• less - ad. smaller in amount; not as much
• let - v. to permit to do or to be; to make possible
• letter - n. a message written on paper; a communication in writing sent to another person
• level - n. the amount or height that something reaches or rises to; the position of something or someone
• liberal - ad. one who usually supports social progress or change
• lie - v. to have one's body on the ground or other surface; to say something that one knows is not true
• life - n. the time between being born and dying; opposite death; all living things
• lift - v. to take or bring up to a higher place or level
• light - n. a form of energy that affects the eyes so that one is able to see; anything that produces light; ad. bright; clear; not heavy
• lightning - n. light produced by electricity in the air, usually during a storm
• like - v. to be pleased with; to have good feelings for someone or something; ad. in the same way as; similar to
• limit - v. to restrict to a number or amount; n. the greatest amount or number permitted
• line - n. a long, thin mark on a surface; a number of people or things organized; one after another; the edge of an area protected by military forces
• link - v. to connect; to unite one thing or event with another; n. a relation between two or more things, situations or events
• liquid - n. a substance that is not a solid or gas, and can move freely, like water
• list - v. to put in writing a number of names of people or things; n. a written series of names or things
• listen - v. to try to hear
• literature - n. all the poems, stories and writings of a period of time or of a country
• little - ad. not tall or big; a small amount
• live - v. to have life; to exist; ad. having life; alive
• load - v. to put objects on or into a vehicle or container; n. that which is carried
• loan - n. money borrowed that usually must be returned with interest payments; something borrowed
• local - ad. about or having to do with one place
• lonely - ad. feeling alone and wanting friends; visited by few or no people ("a lonely man")
• long - ad. not short; measuring from beginning to end; measuring much; for much time
• look - v. to turn the eyes toward so as to see; to search or hunt for; to seem to be
• lose - v. to have no longer; to not find; to fail to keep; to be defeated
• loud - ad. having a strong sound; full of sound or noise
• love - v. to like very much; to feel a strong, kind emotion (sometimes involving sex); n. a strong, kind emotion for someone or something; opposite hate
• low - ad. not high or tall; below the normal height; close to the ground
• loyal - ad. showing strong friendship and support for someone or something
• luck - n. something that happens by chance
M
• machine - n. a device with moving parts used to do work
• magazine - n. a publication of news, stories, pictures or other information
• mail - n. letters, papers and other things sent through an official system, such as a post office
• main - ad. the most important or largest
• major - ad. great in size, importance or amount
• majority - n. the greater number; more than half
• make - v. to produce; to create; to build; to do something or to carry out an action; to cause to be or to become
• male - n. a man or boy; the sex that is the father of children; ad. of or about men
• man - n. an adult male human
• manufacture - v. to make goods in large amounts
• many - ad. a large number or amount of
• map - n. a picture of the earth's surface or a part of it
• march - v. to walk in a group like soldiers; to walk together in a large group to protest about something
• mark - v. to make a sign or cut on something
• market - n. a place or area where goods are sold, bought or traded; an economic system in which the prices of things are decided by how many there are and how much money people are willing to pay for them
• marry - v. to join a man and woman together as husband and wife; to become husband and wife (usually in a religious or civil ceremony)
• mass - n. an amount of matter having no special form and usually of a large size
• mate - v. to bring together a male and a female to create another creature
• material - n. the substance, substances or matter of which something is made or from which something can be made, such as wood, cloth or stone; anything that can be made into something else
• mathematics - n. the science dealing with amounts, sizes and shapes, as explained by numbers and signs
• matter - n. anything that can be seen or felt; what things are made of
• may - v. a word used with an action word to mean permit or possible ("May I go?" "They may leave tomorrow.")
• mayor - n. the chief official of a city or town government
• meal - n. food eaten to satisfy hunger, such as dinner
• mean - v. to want to; to give the idea of; to have the idea of
• measure - v. to learn the amount, size or distance of something; n. an action taken; a legislative proposal
• meat - n. the part of a dead animal used for food
• media - n. all public information organizations, including newspapers, television and radio
• medicine - n. a substance or drug used to treat disease or pain; the science or study of treating and curing disease or improving health
• meet - v. to come together with someone or something at the same time and place
• melt - v. to make a solid into a liquid by heating it
• member - n. one of a group
• memorial - n. something done or made to honor the memory of a person or event
• memory - n. a picture in the mind of past events; the ability to remember; a thing remembered
• mental - ad. about or having to do with the mind
• mercy - n. kindness toward those who should be punished; the power to be kind or to pardon
• message - n. written or spoken news or information; a note from one person to another person or group
• metal - n. a hard substance such as iron, steel or gold
• method - n. the way something is done
• microscope - n. a device used to make very small things look larger so they can be studied
• middle - n. the center; a place or time of equal distance from both sides or ends; ad. in the center
• militant - n. someone active in trying to cause political change, often by the use of force or violence
• military - n. the armed forces of a nation or group; ad. of or about the armed forces
• milk - n. the white liquid produced by female animals to feed their young
• mind - n. the thinking, feeling part of a person
• mine - v. to dig useful or valuable substances out of the earth; n. a place in the earth where such substances are found; a bomb placed under the ground or under water so it cannot be seen
• mineral - n. a substance found in nature that is not an animal or a plant, such as coal or salt
• minister - n. a member of a cabinet; a high government official ("prime minister,"foreign minister")
• minor - ad. small in size; of little importance
• minority - n. the smaller number; opposite majority
• minute - n. a measure of time; one of the sixty equal parts of an hour; sixty seconds
• miss - v. to fail to hit, see, reach or meet
• missile - n. any weapon that can be thrown or fired through the air and explodes when it reaches its target
• missing - ad. lost; not found
• mistake - n. a wrong action or decision; an action done without the knowledge that it was wrong
• mix - v. to put different things together to make one thing
• mob - n. a large group of wild or angry people
• model - n. an example; something, usually small, made to show how something will look or work
• moderate - ad. not extreme
• modern - ad. of the present or very recent time; the most improved
• money - n. pieces of metal or paper used to pay for things
• month - n. one of the twelve periods of time into which a year is divided
• moon - n. the bright object often seen in the night sky that orbits the earth about every twenty-nine days
• moral - ad. concerning what is right or wrong in someone's actions
• more - ad. greater in size or amount
• morning - n. the early part of the day, from sunrise until noon
• most - ad. greatest in size or amount
• mother - n. the female parent; a woman who has a child or children
• motion - n. a movement; a continuing change of position or place
• mountain - n. a part of the earth's surface that rises high above the area around it
• mourn - v. to express or feel sadness
• move - v. to change position; to put or keep in motion; to go
• movement - n. the act of moving or a way of moving; a series of acts or efforts to reach a goal
• movie - n. a motion picture; a film
• much - ad. great in amount
• murder - v. to kill another person illegally; n. the crime of killing another person
• music - n. the making of sounds by singing or using a musical instrument
• must - v. a word used with an action word to mean necessary ("You must go to school.")
• mystery - n. something that is not or cannot be explained or understood; a secret
N
• name - v. to appoint; to nominate; to give a name to; n. a word by which a person, animal or thing is known or called
• narrow - ad. limited in size or amount; not wide; having a short distance from one side to the other
• nation - n. a country, together with its social and political systems
• native - n. someone who was born in a place, not one who moved there
• natural - ad. of or about nature; normal; common to its kind
• nature - n. all the plants, animals and other things on earth not created by humans; events or processes not caused by humans
• navy - n. the part of a country's military force trained to fight at sea
• near - ad. not far; close to
• necessary - ad. needed to get a result or effect; required
• need - v. to require; to want; to be necessary to have or to do
• negotiate - v. to talk about a problem or situation to find a common solution
• neither - ad. not one or the other of two
• neutral - ad. not supporting one side or the other in a dispute
• never - ad. at no time; not ever
• new - ad. not existing before; not known before; recently made, built, bought or grown; another; different
• news - n. information about any recent events, especially as reported by the media
• next - ad. coming immediately after; nearest
• nice - ad. pleasing; good; kind
• night - n. the time between when the sun goes down and when it rises, when there is little or no light
• no - ad. used to reject or to refuse; not any; not at all
• noise - n. sound, especially when loud
• nominate - v. to name someone as a candidate for an election; to propose a person for an office or position
• noon - n. the middle of the day; twelve o'clock in the daytime
• normal - n. the usual condition, amount or form; ad. usual; what is expected
• north - n. the direction to the left of a person facing the rising sun
• not - ad. a word showing that something is denied or untrue ("She is not going.")
• note - v. to talk about something already known; n. a word or words written to help a person remember; a short letter
• nothing - n. not anything; no thing
• now - ad. at this time; immediately
• nowhere - ad. not in, to or at any place
• nuclear - ad. of or about the energy produced by splitting atoms or bringing them together; of or about weapons that explode by using energy from atoms
• number - n. a word or sign used to show the order or amount of things

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