这个对博士考试有帮助。 gkL{]*9&%
考博英语写作绝招:各部分万能套用公式 R/?ZbMn]!
M*7:-Tb]C
Ff{dOV.i
一、开头万能公式:
TI}Y U
8N9X1Mb|
1. 开头万能公式一:名人名言 FgTWym_
有人问了,“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”,很好办:编! !nt[J$.z^
原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定 i4H,Ggb
要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? .+$ox-EK8
经典句型: 'O[0oi&
A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言) l-<EG9m@
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. @tg4rl
(适用于自编名言) ?yy,3:
更多经典句型: p^*A&7d:P
As everyone knows, No one can deny that… yrQfPR
2. 开头万能公式二:数字统计 eH^~r{{R
原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。 %hCd*[Z}j
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无 ,f^ICM
妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型: osZ]R
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college l'
2C/#8F
students wanted to further their study after their graduation. +~f=L- >
看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造: W$Sc@!M3{
Honesty ,v_NrX=f?
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 W.Z`kH *B
Travel by Bike O#?@'1
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 VCQo3k5
{
Youth v:?l C<,
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 2(H-q(
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? 6os{q`/Q])
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 .X34[AXd
更多句型: -rlCE-S
A recent statistics shows that … 'wni.E&
fs0Eb
VDF
结尾万能公式: ZaF9Q%
Bu
"5NB
1. 结尾万能公式一:如此结论 wEC,Mbn
说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而 uYC1}Y5N
言之”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有 ;b!qt-;.<
一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子: sW@_' Lw
Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good bX>R9i$
manners arise from politeness and respect for others. ?z&5g-/b
如果读者很难“显而见之”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了! *USG
p<iH
更多过渡短语: 0+F
--E4
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus %Ni"*\
更多句型: xJ9aFpTC
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… ><I{R|bC
%~L"TK`?
2. 结尾万能公式二:如此建议
u9fJ
:a
如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话,那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这 )+|Y;zC9
里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽! J4u>77I
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve IKV!0-={!z
the problem. L~AU4Q0o
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官 (eSsx/
会怎么想呢? 54=*vokX_
更多句型:
\440gH`
Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. >wb Uxl%{5
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be S%aup(wu6
taken. -iKoQkHt
写作的“七项基本原则”:一、 长 短 句原则 sNM ]bei
-V-I&sO<
工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画
<Zvvx
龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题: `]^W#6l
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is .f"1(J8
to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to %uCsCl
satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite
sC0u4w>Y
similar. k||dX(gl
4XAs^>N+
如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记! <ZheWl
强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句 Lq;T\m_de
解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生 e9HL)=YP
辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。 Q6D>(H#"0
)[oP`Z
二、 主题句原则 OF03]2j7<|
国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些 E- [Eg
破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定 0N~kq-6.\
要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事! H6{Bx2J1*
特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! FvY=!U06
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully } C:i0Q
prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, `+rwx
you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly. 0KTO)K
ar#73f
三、 一 二 三原则 QkC*om'/!
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… : NA(nA
3
如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的 }X?#"JFX?
文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要 g'b|[ q
点前就清楚了。 ('7$K
1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗) w%s];EE
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗) dW%t ph
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗) }8"
|q3k
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, pZ}B/j
lastly(不推荐,原因:俗) B{R [z%Y
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) Sc/l.]k+
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) /'aqQ
K<
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) ;Mo_B9
8)most important of all, moreover, finally JRw,${W
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) U 7.k Yu
10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) "gJ.mhHX
建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、 短语优先原则 ~abyjM
写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果 Vj 9X6u}{
老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发 N|$9v{ j_
现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎 8T9s:/%
么办?用短语是一个办法!比如: iuGwc086
I cannot bear it. wpuK?fP
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. OcO/wA(&{
I want it. /0H}-i
可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. 4r7F8*z
这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。五、 多实少虚原则 u+r!;-0i
原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少 Mq)]2>"v
用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说 I51]+gEN
nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, XDJE]2^52?
humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital }LS8q
之类的形象词。再比如: ];hqI O#nM
走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room t&?{+?p:
9
但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room q+\<%$:u
*****走出房间应该说:sail out of the room 3?a`@C&x
小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room dhob]8b
老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room 88v8lt;R
所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩! .)b<cH~%
5m0\ls\
六、 多变句式原则 H?];8wq$G
1)加法(串联) 'w
k,t^)
都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这 ih".y3
些,可以在任何句子之间加and, "ktuq\a@
但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说: K 77iv
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. W+!UVUpW
如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: isL
zgN%
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. bPxL+
+
其它的短语可以用: PiKP.
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover
Fn@`Bi?#q
" _2k3
2)转折(拐弯抹角) '_G\_h}5
批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方 Dhn7N8(LF!
式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来 d=xjLbsZ
点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 /%& d:
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. kP%hgZ
The coat was thin, but it was warm. 3@I0j/1#k1
更多的短语: - j3Lgm
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, gQ{ #C'
despite, notwithstanding v;<gCzqQh
}CBQdH&g;
3)因果(so, so, so) G(a5@9F
昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我 =8T!ldVxES
们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词 le'RU1k
就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! M4C8K{}
The snow began to fall, so we went home. 754MQK|g
更多短语: M(I%y
0
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a O% T?+1E
result, for this reason, so that M_ukG~/
{1Ra|,;
4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重) 5I2,za&e
有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真 jU&m*0nL
的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你 z^QrIl/<c2
的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。 c#N4XsG,
举例:This is what I can do. f(|k0$EIu
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. :VT%d{Vp_
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分: !XtG6ON=
When to go, Why he goes away… eyMn! a
0~ho/ _
5)附加(多此一举) MR1I"gqE}I
如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他; %P0
或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者 rexf#W)
是插入语。 \}jA1oy
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. ^N/d`IAjv
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. K+}0:W=P
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. [q?RJmB]
其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键 XjN4EDi+E
词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom |HmY`w6*z
or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 t%Jk3W/f
Yg8*)u0
6)排比(排山倒海句) #sw4)*v
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一 ef`_
n+`
个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会 l5T[6C
使文章有排山倒海之势! P2'N4?2
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated BY~Tc5
or simple, there is plenty in London for you.
Ey:68yU
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such }b\hRy~=r
as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean MZV$YD^S
tides. \U$:/#1Oe
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, O >h`
to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) H{Ewj_L
要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七、 挑战极限原则 @-sWXz*W
既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀! K83
'`W^
原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看 aZb\uMePK
看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如: 9vV==A#
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb E]'
f&0s
the Western Hills. Or? )Nlg6x
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about <L]Gk]k_R
three times that of China. TaRPMKk
如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪! tczJk1g}
文章主体段落三大杀手锏: _Ay^v#a
:(A&8<}-6
一、举实例 /0/ouA>+
思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个 h[>pC"s?K
观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子! 5?^#v
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted V[(fE=cIN~
every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as 8m{e,o2.
sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. un 5r9
For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will [h'u@%N|/
ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the F%6wdM W
seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. F-s{#V1=
更多句型: 2p&$bft
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, .aT@'a{F
for example ;<M}ZL@m
DO(};R%=
二、做比较 oMEW5.VX
方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; `0qjaC
世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点 `$/a-K}
(through Br!;Ac&N
comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语: r,JQR)l0@V
相似的比较: x[58C +
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner 4NID:<
相反的比较: `-{l$Hn9|~
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, 1L*[
!QT4
nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, … )YAa7\Od
)Dz]Pv]H'
三、换言之 L?/AKg
没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理 Z4
i))%or
解你的观点。 HXU#Ux
实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! i6WPf:#wr
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. svmb~n &x6
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love W^8
with you. X|a{Z*y;r*
或者上面我们举过的例子: Tv"T+!Z
I cannot bear it. (B4)L%
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. b,+Sa\j)(
因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with K@7%i|H
it or I am fed up with it. B2kZ_4rB
更多短语: QQW}.>N
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more )G)6D"5,+G
simply