考博英语写作 3U?gw!M>
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考博英语写作绝招:各部分万能套用公式 |(x%J[n0+
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开头万能公式: i|H^&$|
1. 开头万能公式一:名人名言 68~]_r.a
有人问了,“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”,很好办:编! hHMp=8J7
原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? 7KC2%s#7
经典句型: HRahBTd(z
A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言) 4UL"f<7 T
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. f
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(适用于自编名言) %j2 :W\g:
更多经典句型: KxmB$x5-=8
As everyone knows, No one can deny that… "OP$n-*@%
2. 开头万能公式二:数字统计 {IB4%,qT
原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。 1(aib^!B
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型: ak}ke
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college R,!aX"]|
students wanted to further their study after their graduation. A{{rN
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看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造: *Q-uE
Honesty g$=']A?W_
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 q 3,p=ijJ
Travel by Bike :d<F7`k
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根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 7'{%djL
Youth 4GJx1
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根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。
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Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? =6'D/| 3
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 noWwX
更多句型: KmF+3g~#s
A recent statistics shows that … z\J#d 1e
结尾万能公式: [HRP&jr
1. 结尾万能公式一:如此结论 (a|Wq{`[
说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子: #=fd8}9
Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good |msQ
manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
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如果读者很难“显而见之”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了! oH
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更多过渡短语: wqn}t]
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 0j-;
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更多句型: q'[yYPDX5x
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… g5~1uU$O
2. 结尾万能公式二:如此建议 sv>c)L
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如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话,那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽! !8%{(;(
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve 1
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the problem. 0>?78QL9<
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢? 8:UV; 5@
更多句型: Vg4N7i
Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. t.oP]_mI
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be 7w{>bYP
taken. y"SVZ} ;|
写作的“七项基本原则”:一、 长 短 句原则 :X;'37o#q
工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题: _/5mgn<GK
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is 5rpTR
to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to @{!c [{x,T
satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite [MKL>\U
similar. `PR)7}/<
如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记! p M:lg
强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、 rOu7r 4
主 题 句原则 (r?41?5K
国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事! R1X{=ct
特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! v(/T<^{cuk
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully gUB%6v G\I
prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, Ul@yXtj
you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、 A~6:eappH
一 二 三原则 L}1|R*b
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 0a??8?Q1G
如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 E1'HdOh&z
1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗) V3NQij(
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗) ~4\J}Kn
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗)
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4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, p#UrZKR
lastly(不推荐,原因:俗) l#_(suo64
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) ZzNp#FrX"
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) Y9)uy 8c
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) <0r2m4z
8)most important of all, moreover, finally xG JX~)
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) J2M[aibV
10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) VL5GX(
建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、 短语优先原则 z
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写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如: XjL)WgQ{i
I cannot bear it. 0>?%{Xy
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. Wm{Lg0Nr
I want it. (*>%^ C?
可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. 2 5DXJb^:
这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。五、 多实少虚原则 zrqQcnx9(m
原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, 18ApHp
humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 3":vjDq$
之类的形象词。再比如: p.1@4kgK&r
走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room &eL02:[
但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room W_:3Sj l'
*****走出房间应该说:sail out of the room WZ\bm$
小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room ^=f
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老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room z>rl7&[@
所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!六、 多变句式原则 $l05VZ
1)加法(串联) 7>#?-, B
都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, =hZ#Z]f
但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说: tk'1o\@p9b
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. TR;" &'#k
如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: dwd5P7
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. {kCCpU
其它的短语可以用: B 2p/
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover kiYHJ\a
2)转折(拐弯抹角) ! =(OvX_<
批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 05o)Q &`
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. Rcg q7W
The coat was thin, but it was warm. =35g:fL
更多的短语: ~
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despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, 5`Q*
despite, notwithstanding cQg:yoF
3)因果(so, so, so) \9
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昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! /g/]Q^
The snow began to fall, so we went home. +2:\oy}!8
更多短语: i}u,_
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then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a l k~VvRq
result, for this reason, so that (G1KMy
4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重) bVLBqa=
有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。 F,dPmR
举例:This is what I can do. :.DZ~I
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. 0tz7^:|D
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分: rY?]p Mp
When to go, Why he goes away… /penB[1i
5)附加(多此一举) =EJ8J;y_f
如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 S_eD1iY2-
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. _cc37[
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. As{Q9o5j/
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. HNUpgNi
其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom 14~#k%zO(
or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 $)YalZ
6)排比(排山倒海句) $~3?nib"j
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! F
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Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated p=XEMVqm
or simple, there is plenty in London for you. C1`fJhy
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such 1La?x'{2MP
as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean *Uw" `l
tides. m$.7) 24
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, <`
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to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) u5.zckV
要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七、 挑战极限原则 FfRvi8
既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀! t5aX9WIW
原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如: cy64xR BB
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb *b4
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the Western Hills. 5_\1f|,
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about 5(>ux@[qI:
three times that of China. @ N@
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如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪! tjLG$M1z`
文章主体段落三大杀手锏:一、举实例 /EW=OZ/
思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子! HGao} @'
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted \IhHbcF`d
every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as !GJT-[
sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. U6F7dT
For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will _oHxpeM
ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the lMmP]{.>$
seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. rMoz+{1A
更多句型: \Ez&?yb/
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, )+Yu7=S
for example二、做比较 BZa`:ah~x
方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; z:8ieJ)C
世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点(through l>T]Y
comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语: [1l OGck[
相似的比较: QuBA'4ht
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner mLV0J '
相反的比较: 7ju^B/7
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, ck$>
nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, UJu
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…三、换言之 f.c2AY~5[
没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 6H!l>@a7v
实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! T3Sz<K$E
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. `NQ;|!
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love xJin%:O
with you. t^=S\1"R\
或者上面我们举过的例子: s)+] pxV0-
I cannot bear it. %NcBq3
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. z2jS(N?J1
因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with ex.^V sf_
it or I am fed up with it. ./<giTR:p
更多短语: FjW%M;H
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more 7HJH9@8V
simply