考博英语写作 1fR P1
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考博英语写作绝招:各部分万能套用公式 _JA:.V^3gm
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开头万能公式: %I0}4$
1. 开头万能公式一:名人名言 x)5LT}p
有人问了,“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”,很好办:编! MyFC
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原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? XL~>rw<
经典句型: x0ne8NDP
A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言) ^cn@?k((A
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. sG1BNb_
(适用于自编名言) NNp}|a9
更多经典句型: $
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As everyone knows, No one can deny that… |6*Va%LYO-
2. 开头万能公式二:数字统计 O2lIlCL
原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。 K~3Ebr
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型: =f `=@]
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college $Elkhe]O %
students wanted to further their study after their graduation. URQ@=W7
看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造: C=[Ae,
Honesty t)'dF*L
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 sUV>@UMnu
Travel by Bike Ro~fvL~Ps
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 }Aw47;5q;
Youth }<&d]N
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 ofK='G.
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? j/'
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根据最近的一项统计调查显示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 QoWR@u6a
更多句型: 4|=vxJ
A recent statistics shows that … Z/c_kf[
结尾万能公式: J^h'9iQpi
1. 结尾万能公式一:如此结论 dE GX3 -
说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子: &+]x;K
Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good 0O[l?e4,8{
manners arise from politeness and respect for others. YuA7r"c
如果读者很难“显而见之”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了! U3+A MVnB
更多过渡短语: b|6 !EGh
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 5;(0 $4I
更多句型: gwJ}]Tf
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… K-6p'|
2. 结尾万能公式二:如此建议 aP_3C_
如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话,那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽! >Zo-wYG
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve {KsVK4\r
the problem. <"A#Eok|4
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢? #w;;D7{@m
更多句型: "vsjen.K>
Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. *#6|!%?g
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be 7N6zqjIB
taken. 8:<1
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写作的“七项基本原则”:一、 长 短 句原则 wR(ttwxK3
工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题: w a2~C [
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is _Qg{ ;
to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to Txu>/1N,
satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite RW)k_#%=
similar. dX0x
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如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记! PK8V2Ttv
强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、 ah>Dqb*
主 题 句原则 GV=V^Fl .
国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事! j ~.u>4
特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! 0$!.c~
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully [|jIC
prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, kr6:{\DU:B
you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、 x7Eeb!s0f,
一 二 三原则 P^ by'b+zI
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… %$^$'6\77
如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 D8W(CE^}
1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗) rtoSCj:
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗) %N!h38N2
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗) U24V55ZnI
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, \A~4\um
lastly(不推荐,原因:俗) uLF\K+cz
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) ?! !;XW
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) =xl7vHn7
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) 6CCZda@
8)most important of all, moreover, finally ">03~:oA
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) zR_9D}
10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) m21QN9(i%
建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、 短语优先原则 @:I\\S@bN
写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如: }6F_2S3c
I cannot bear it. }kpfJLjY
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. X+fuhcn
I want it. T
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可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. # r2$ZCo3o
这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。五、 多实少虚原则 f'8B[&@L
原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, "0p +SZ~D
humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital iG?w;
之类的形象词。再比如: BHIZHp
走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room 2y&_Z^kI?
但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room }?\#_BCjx(
*****走出房间应该说:sail out of the room o;
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小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room OLhWkN,qA
老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room /TR"\xQF
所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!六、 多变句式原则 e)fJd*P
1)加法(串联) T +|J19
都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, S}XB
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但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说: r? 6Z1
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. *+4>iL*:
如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: 4DG 9`5.
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. bqf]$}/8k
其它的短语可以用: dK-
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besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover ?(|TP^
2)转折(拐弯抹角) |TNi
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批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 Gx~"iM
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. S|z(
The coat was thin, but it was warm. ~ ]m@k'n
更多的短语: MfZ}xu
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, N`L'
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despite, notwithstanding
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3)因果(so, so, so) |{}d5Z"5;}
昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! (<AM+|
The snow began to fall, so we went home. 5
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更多短语: S|=rF<]my
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a gzJ{Gau{)
result, for this reason, so that 2=Vkjh-
4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重) cE_Xo.:Y,
有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。 2C
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举例:This is what I can do. <whPM
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. Hi4@
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同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分: p1`'1`.3
When to go, Why he goes away… 7p"~:1hU
5)附加(多此一举) R;Ix<y{U
如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 S|u1QGB
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. 6lH>600]u
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. EssUyF-jwU
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. 7=M'n;!Mh
其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom O<H@:W#k
or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 q5K/+N^2?
6)排比(排山倒海句) ;wYwiSVd
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! 3!L<=X
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated nH3b<k;S
or simple, there is plenty in London for you. uzn))/"
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such >=q!!'$:
as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean %_X[{(
tides. G4`sRaT.
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, iRr&'k
to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) P A+e= %
要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七、 挑战极限原则 TYLl_nGr
既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀!
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原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如: Zo638*32
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb
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the Western Hills. @BQBNGR 1
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about <?va)
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three times that of China. EA{*%9 A
如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪! q-)_Qco
文章主体段落三大杀手锏:一、举实例 YNQ6(HA
思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子! LkbvA
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted kAF}*&Kzd~
every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as J,M5<s[Xqt
sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. N %/DN
For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ,ce^"yG
ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the `j"G=%e3.
seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. umn~hb5O
更多句型: ML"P"&~u6
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, .t%Vx
for example二、做比较 {EHG |
方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; w3cK:
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世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点(through eu|q
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comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语: Q3{&'|}^2
相似的比较: Qi]Z)v{^
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner +rO<'H:umJ
相反的比较: H 1X]tw.
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, X',0MBQ0
nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, v23Uh2[@Yy
…三、换言之 7Cp_41._
没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 s3!LR2qiF
实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! \k-juF80
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. z(68^-V=:
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love 5&Kn #
with you. (uc)^l
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或者上面我们举过的例子: ;@s~t:u
I cannot bear it. TN_$E&69I
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. eE_X
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因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with
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it or I am fed up with it. Y.
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更多短语: ,WK$jHG]
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more .g?,:$`0D?
simply