考博英语写作
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考博英语写作绝招:各部分万能套用公式 @A|#/]S1
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开头万能公式: eQwvp`@"
1. 开头万能公式一:名人名言 )b1X6w[
有人问了,“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”,很好办:编! @)C.IQ~
原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? *c>B-Fo/D
经典句型: 8#w%qij
A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言) 6!se,SCvw
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. a 2[
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(适用于自编名言) uu.}<VM.1
更多经典句型: s!S_Bt):3
As everyone knows, No one can deny that…
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2. 开头万能公式二:数字统计 tAPf#7{|
原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。 <I#M^}`
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型: H>Ucmd;ay
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college G)q;)n;*=
students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 3~{0X-
看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造: /|lAxAm?
Honesty ]57yorc`
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 U~d%5?q
Travel by Bike
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根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 lwz\"8
Youth F+ 7*SImv6
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 \._|_+HiW
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? CYlS8j
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 |?]doBm|
更多句型: M[+#*f.T}
A recent statistics shows that … 4*D"*kR;
结尾万能公式: BOh^oQh
1. 结尾万能公式一:如此结论 xQ2:tY#?
说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子: 1Vx5tOq
Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good 0OQ*V~>f
manners arise from politeness and respect for others. C,A/29R,s
如果读者很难“显而见之”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了! Ni%@bU $
更多过渡短语: 7xQ:[P!G+
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus Pjn{3/*wi
更多句型: L|}s Z\2!
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… 3<xDxj0<
2. 结尾万能公式二:如此建议 @OGG]0
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如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话,那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽! + ~5P7dh6
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve U$<"
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the problem. [3I|
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这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢? @g4o8nH}
更多句型: jd,i
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Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. t=xEUOQAn
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be W&:0J
taken. k& +gkJm
写作的“七项基本原则”:一、 长 短 句原则 ? dHl'
工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题: la)^`STh
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is d6ef)mw
to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to UAT\ .
satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite biU_ImJ>0
similar. g2m*Q%
如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记!
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强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、 VgODv
主 题 句原则 DyCzRkH
国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事! jx}'M$TA
特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! 7=9>yba)^
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully TH'8^w f
prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, VOZxLyj^9
you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、 %),u0:go
一 二 三原则 ]W14'Z
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… .pQ5lK(R
如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 +:-xV
1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗) c6#E gN,X
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗) _<FUS'"
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗) G^#>HE|
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, NRJp8G Z%U
lastly(不推荐,原因:俗) sdg2^] |
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) B K+P
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) *
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7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) XLCqB|8`V
8)most important of all, moreover, finally un_NBv}
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) <tFq^qB
10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) [)s4:V
建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、 短语优先原则 8IRKCuV
写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如: #eOHe4Vt
I cannot bear it. `1(ED= |
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. 8`urkEI^r
I want it. )MF@'zRK
可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. qX5>[qf-
这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。五、 多实少虚原则 bRy(`
原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, x>Q% hl
humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 4tLdqs
之类的形象词。再比如: te-xhJ&K
走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room [BD`h
但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room S,6/X.QBv
*****走出房间应该说:sail out of the room SR?mSpq5
小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room <ytzGDx
老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room n({%|O<|
所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!六、 多变句式原则 _MTZuhY
1)加法(串联) *{#C;"
都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, lr~
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但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说: g{6jN
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. ~:7y!=8#
如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: 06^/zr
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. fm-m?=
其它的短语可以用: CYy=f-
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover 8bdO-LJ9
2)转折(拐弯抹角) TS|Bz2(
批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 {Z8GG
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. ljZRz$y
The coat was thin, but it was warm. =hvPq@C%
更多的短语: S!u8JG1
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, #;ObugY,
despite, notwithstanding mW'3yM
3)因果(so, so, so) AE~a=e\x
昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! OJa(Gds
The snow began to fall, so we went home. *w4#D:g
更多短语: "JSIn"/
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a o0`']-)*2
result, for this reason, so that IxuK<Oe:O
4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重) p=nbsS~":
有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。 <{k{Coy
举例:This is what I can do. o=7,U/{D!
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. a_P|KRl
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分: &j1-Ouy
When to go, Why he goes away… zJy=1r
5)附加(多此一举) tE=09J%z
如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 !
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The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. `OMX 9i
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. 7!c
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Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. r c[~S
其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom RN-gZ{AW
or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 7\%JJw6h
6)排比(排山倒海句) wO%lM
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! ~
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Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated Wr b[\
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or simple, there is plenty in London for you. B;N<{Gb
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such %k4Qx5`?d
as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean @;OsHudd
tides. Z qn$ >mG-
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, +_fFRyu>
to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) }~zDcj_
要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七、 挑战极限原则 +^(_S9CO
既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀! &J2U
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原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如: })^eaLBR4
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb &zy%
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the Western Hills. G?$o+Y'F
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about VnW6$W?g
three times that of China. BH {z]a
如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪! ;]1t|td8
文章主体段落三大杀手锏:一、举实例 2fr%_GNu
思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子! ,e'm@d$Q*
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted !Q|a R
every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as 9k71h`5
sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. u=InE|SH
For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will HI|egf
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ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the :Y /aT[
seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. L @T/4e./
更多句型: ]2f-oz*hU
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, B(Yg1jAe
for example二、做比较 DlCN
方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; LAk
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世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点(through Uzvd*>mv
comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语: V.`hk^V,
相似的比较: aMe&4Q
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner aB~k8]q.
相反的比较: f91]0B`C
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, A<c<!N
nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, Awfd0L;9
…三、换言之 DDmC3
没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 =:g\I6'a
实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! Zex~ $r
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. [p'2#Et
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love e:-pqZT`
with you. (^B1Kt!<
或者上面我们举过的例子: AoGpM,W]5
I cannot bear it. /[Fk>Vhp
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. qdk!.A{
因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with |g{50r'=
it or I am fed up with it. 5w>TCx
更多短语: xp:I(
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more uHquJQ4
simply