考博英语模拟

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. fJ\u8
Moreand more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financialinstitutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computermemories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposescan reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done thisand been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.
It’s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up onwhat the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal maywalk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his formeremployers.
Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it’s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about weredetected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other securityprocedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may been the victims ofuncommonly bad luck.
For example, a certain keypunch (键盘打孔) operatorcomplained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigationrevealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonesttransactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off (向…透露) the company that was being robbed.
Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go tojail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only thatthey not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhapsother benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.
Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that wouldresult if the public found out that their computer had been misused. Theyhesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled(耍弄) the most confidential records right under thenoses of the company’s executives, a accountant, andsecurity staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just therecommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.

21.It can be concluded from the passage that ________.
A) it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today
B) computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financialinstitutions
C) computer criminals can escape punishment because they can’t bedetected
D) people commit computer crimes at the request their company
22.It is implied in the third paragraph that ________.
A) many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered
B) the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem
C) most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes
D) most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their bad luck
23.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?
A) A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced.
B) Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information.
C) Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation.
D) Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes.
24.What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught? X%7l! k[
A) With a bad reputation they can hardly find another job.
B) They will be denied access to confidential records.
C) They may walk away and easily find another job.
D) They must leave the country or go to jail.
25.The passage is mainly about ________.
A) why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspections
B) why computer criminals are often able to escape punishment
C) how computer criminals manage to get good recommendation from their formeremployers
D) why computer crimes can’t be eliminated
   Questions 26 to30 are based on the following passage. )}i2x:\|_
It is often claimed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do without.We live in a consumer society where there is an enormous demand for commercialproducts of all kinds. Moreover, an increase in industrial production isconsidered to be one solution to the problem of mass unemployment. Such anincrease presumes an abundant and cheap energy supply. Many people believe thatnuclear energy provides an inexhaustible and economical source of power andthat it is therefore essential for an industrially developing society. Thereare a number of other advantages in the use of nuclear energy. Firstly, nuclearpower, except for accidents, is clean. A further advantage is that a nuclearpower station can be run and maintained by relatively few technical andadministrative staff. The nuclear reactor represents an enormous step in ourscientific evolution and, whatever the anti nuclear group says, it is wrong toexpect a return to more primitive sources of fuel. However, opponents ofnuclear energy point out that nuclear power stations bring a direct threat notonly to the environment but also to civil liberties.
Furthermore, it is questionable whether ultimately nuclear power is a cheapsource of energy. There have, for example, been very costly accidents inAmerica, in Britain and, of course, in Russia. The possibility of increases inthe cost of uranium (铀) in addition to the cost ofgreater safety provisions could price nuclear power out of the market. In thelong run, environmentalists argue, nuclear energy wastes valuable resources anddisturbs the ecology to an extent which could bring about the destruction ofthe human race. Thus, if we wish to survive, we cannot afford nuclear energy.In spite of the case against nuclear energy outlined above, nuclear energyprogrammes are expanding. Such an expansion assumes a continual growth inindustrial production and consumer demands. However, it is doubtful whetherthis growth will or can continue. Having weighed up the arguments on bothsides, it seems there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources ofenergy other than nuclear power.

26.The writer’s attitude towardnuclear energy is ________.
A) indifferent
B) favorable
C) tolerant
D) negative
27.According to the opponents of nuclear energy, which of the following is true ofnuclear energy?
A) Primitive
B) Exhaustible
C) Cheap
D) Unsafe
28.Some people claim that nuclear energy is essential because ________.
A) it provides a perfect solution to mass unemployment
B) it represents an enormous step forward in our scientific evolution
C) it can meet the growing demand of an industrially developing society
D) nuclear power stations can be run and maintained by relatively few technicaland administrative staff
29.Which of the following statements does the writer support?
A) The demand for commercial products will not necessarily keep increasing.
B) Nuclear energy is something we cannot do without.
C) Uranium is a good source of energy for economic and ecological reasons.
D) Greater safety provisions can bring about the expansion of nuclear energyprogrammes.
30.The function of the last sentence is to ________.
A) advance the final argument
B) reflect the writer’s attitude
C) reverse previously expressed thoughts
D) show the disadvantages of nuclear power
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. KfQR(e9n 
Clothesplay a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to whopeople are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us agood deal about the wearer’s background, personality, status, mood, andsocial outlook.
Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can usethem to manipulate people’s impression of us. Our appearanceassumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that islikely to occur. An elderly middle class man or woman may be alienated (疏远…) by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner,regardless of the person’s education, background, orinterests.
People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girlscan easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfits (套装), including the number of boyfriends they likely have had andwhether they smoke or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the newson TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when theyare dressed conservatively. And collage students who view themselves as takingan active role in their inter-personal relationships say they are concernedabout the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover,many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the waywe felt about ourselves and how we act ed. Perhaps you have used clothing togain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a jobinterview, or a court appearance.
In the workplace, men have long had well defined precedents and role models forachieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in thebusiness world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of “masculine” and “feminine” attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. Thevariety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably formanagerial positions when the women display less “feminine” grooming (打扮)-shorter hair, moderate use ofmake up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, “An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview,but she won’t get a job.”

31.According to the passage, the way we dress ________. isFxo,R9r
A) provides clues for people who are critical of us
B) indicates our likes and dislikes in choosing a career
C) has a direct influence on the way people regard us
D) is of particular importance when we get on in age
32.From the third paragraph of the passage, we can conclude that young adults tendto believe that certain types of clothing can ________.
A) change people’s conservative attitudes toward their lifestyle
B) help young people make friends with the opposite sex
C) make them competitive in the job market
D) help them achieve success in their interpersonal relationships
33.The word “precedent” (Line1, Para. 4) probably refers to ________.
A) early acts for men to follow as examples
B) particular places for men to occupy especially because of their importance
C) things that men should agree upon
D) men’s beliefs that everything in the world has alreadybeen decided
34.According to the passage, many career women find themselves in difficultsituations because ________.
A) the variety of professional clothing is too wide for them to choose
B) women are generally thought to be only good at being fashion models
C) men are more favorably judged for managerial positions
D) they are not sure to what extent they should display their femininequalities through clothing
35.What is the passage mainly about?
A) Dressing for effect.
B) How to dress appropriately.
C) Managerial positions and clothing.
D) Dressing for the occasion.
   Questions 36 to40 are based on the following passage. gAf4wq
The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management,the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best leftunsaid. The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in theprocess sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shapeeveryone’s experience in the organization.
Consider the novel views of Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the subject of gettingahead. Coleman is black. He spent 11 years with IBM, half of them working inmanagement development, and now serves as a consultant to the likes ofAT&T, Coca Cola, Prudential, and Merch. Coleman says that based on what he’s seen at big companies, he weighs the different elements that makefor long term career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%, image,30%; and exposure, a full 60%. Coleman concludes that excellent job performanceis so common these days that while doing your work well may win you payincreases, it won’t secure you the big promotion. Hefinds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and yourwork, and how high up they are.
Ridiculous beliefs? Not to many people, especially many women and members ofminority races who, like Coleman, feel that the scales (障眼物) have dropped from their eyes. “Women andblacks in organizations work under false beliefs,” saysKaleel Jamison, a New York based management consultant who helps corporationsdeal with these issues. “They think that if you workhard, you’ll get ahead—thatsomeone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion.” She adds, “Most women and blacks are sofrightened that people will think they’ve gotten aheadbecause of their sex or color that they play down (使不突出)their visibility.” Her advice to those folks: learn theways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into thespotlight.

36.According to the passage, “things formerly judged to be best left unsaid” (Line 2, Para. 1) probably refers to “________”.
A) criticisms that shape everyone’s experience
B) the opinions which contradict the established beliefs
C) the tendencies that help the newcomers to see office matters with a fresheye
D) the ideas which usually come up with usually come up with new ways ofmanagement in the organization
37.To achieve success in your career, the most important factor, according to thepassage, is to ________.
A) let your superiors know how good you are
B) project a favorable image to the people around you
C) work as a consultant to your superiors
D) perform well your tasks given by your superiors
38.The reason why women and blacks play down their visibility is that they________.
A) know that someone in authority will reach down and give them a promotion
B) want to give people the impression that they work under false beliefs
C) don’t want people to think that their promotionswere due to sex or color
D) believe they can get promoted by reason of their sex or color
39.The author is of the opinion that Coleman’s beliefs are ________.
A) biased
B) popular
C) insightful
D) superficial
40.The best title for this passage would be ________.
A) Role of Women and Minorities in Management
B) The Importance of Being Visible
C) Job Performance and Advancement
D) Sex and Career Success
    21.  C
      22.  A
      23.  D
      24.  C
      25.  C
       26.  D
      27.  D
      28.  C
      29.  A
      30.  B
       31.  C
      32.  D
      33.  A
      34.  D
      35.  A
       36.  B
      37.  A
      38.  C
      39.  B
      40.  B

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