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主题 : 2017考博英语翻译模拟试题及答案
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10楼  发表于: 2016-08-08   
Theories of the value of art are of two kinds, which we may call extrinsic and intrinsic. The first regards art and the appreciation of art as means to some recognized moral good, while the second regards them as valuable not instrumentally but as objects unto themselves. It is characteristic of extrinsic theories to locate the value of art in its effects on the person who appreciates it. Art is held to be a form of education, perhaps an education of the emotions. In this case, it becomes an open question whether there might not be some more effective means to the same result. (46) Alternatively, one may attribute a negative value to art, as Plato did in his Republic, arguing that art has a corrupting or diseducative effect on those exposed to it. _s5FYb#  
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  The extrinsic approach, adopted in modern times by Leo Tolstoy in What Is Art in 1896, has seldom seemed wholly satisfactory. (47)Philosophers have constantly sought for a value in aesthetic experience that is unique to it and that, therefore, could not be obtained from any other source. The extreme version of this intrinsic approach is that associated with Walter Pater, Oscar Wilde, and the French Symbolists, and summarized in the slogan “art for art’s sake”. Such thinkers and writers believe that art is not only an end in itself but also a sufficient justification of itself. (48)They also hold that in order to understand art as it should be understood, it is necessary to put aside all interests other than an interest in the work itself. 4b`Fi@J\  
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  Between those two extreme views there lies, once again, a host of intermediate positions. (49)We believe, for example, that works of art must be appreciated for their own sake, but that, in the act of appreciation, we gain from them something that is of independent value.(50)Thus a joke is laughed at for its own sake, even though there is an independent value in laughter, which lightens our lives by taking us momentarily outside ourselves. Why should not something similar be said of works of art, many of which aspire to be amusing in just the way that good jokes are? JdUdl_D z  
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  46.或者,人们可能会认为艺术具有负面的影响,像柏拉图在《理想国》一书中所认为的那样,艺术会影响那些接触它的人,使其堕落,或起不到教化作用。 #2:?N8vz*  
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  47.哲学家们一直在不懈地探索审美体验中的价值。这种价值是独一无二的,因此不能从别处获得。 v,ni9DIu  
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  48.他们还相信,为了以理解艺术的方式去理解艺术,必须放弃对其他方面的关注而只关注艺术作品本身。 be]/ROP>H  
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  49.比如,我们认为艺术作品必须作为艺术品被人们欣赏,但是我们在欣赏艺术作品时也能从中获得一些具有独立价值的东西。 \T<F#a  
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  50.因此,笑话是因为其本身而可笑,尽管笑声中有一种独立的价值,这一价值通过使我们在片刻中脱离自己而燃亮了我们的生命。 ][V`ym-e  
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  总体分析 ,D(Bg9C  
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  本文是一篇关于艺术的价值的文章。其中主要论述的是唯美主义的“为艺术而艺术”的观点。 kjdIk9 Y  
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  第一段:提出了艺术价值的两种理论,即内在理论和外在理论。对这两种理论做了具体阐释,并引出了对艺术效果的疑问。 ya^8mp-  
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  第二段:指出列夫·托尔斯泰的外在理论不能令人满意,哲学家们一直关注探索的是艺术自身的价值体验。在该段中,作者引用了奥斯卡·瓦尔德以及法国象征主义的观点。 c~OPH 0,  
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  第三段:在两种极端的观点之间,有一种居中的观点,即艺术作品必须作为他们本身而被体验,但是在体验的过程中,我们又确实得到了一些东西。该段作者用了例证法,以“玩笑”的价值为例来证明自己的观点。 C0Fd<|[  
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  文章学术性较强,属于正式文体,因此长句、复合句颇多,其中引入了一些学术界人士的观点,所以有很大难度。通过该文章的阅读,考生应懂得拓宽知识面的重要性。 i`];xNR'  
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  文章考查的知识点主要有:(一)被动语态。(二)状语,包括现在分词做状语、方式状语从句、目的状语从句和让步状语从句。(三)定语从句。(四)it做形式主语。 Ik5V?  
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  试题精解 .v'`TD).6  
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  46.[精解] 本题考核知识点:现在分词做状语、as引导的方式状语从句、定语从句的翻译。 cT/mi": 8{  
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  该句的主干成分是one may attribute a negative value to art,主语是泛指代词one,可译为“人们”。As引导的从句做方式状语,可译为“如同……,像……”。Arguing部分是现在分词做伴随状语,可以把它译成与主句并列的结构。句中的those 指代的是人,紧跟其后的exposed做后置定语修饰those,翻译时,按照汉语习惯,应该将定语提前。 k2,`W2] ^E  
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  词汇:Alternatively表示二者择一,可以译成“或者,要不”。Attribute ..to“认为……属于”,在这里可以转译为“认为……具有”。Diseducative是educative的反义词,dis-是否定前缀,因此可以译为“起不到教化作用的”。Exposed本意是“暴露的”,在这里引申译成“接触”。 Ki Kw,@  
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  47.[精解] 本题考核知识点:并列定语从句的翻译 e00 }YWf%  
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  句子主干是Philosophers have constantly sought for a value in aesthetic experience,其后是两个由that引导的并列的定语从句。需注意的是:这两个定语从句修饰的先行词是value而非aesthetic experience。在英语语言中,为了避免头重脚轻常将较长的定语后置;在译成汉语时,要么遵从汉语习惯还原到名词之前,要么为了避免冗长的定语影响阅读,可以采用拆译法,将它们译成独立的两个并列分句。这里采用第二种方法。 fB,eeT1v?h  
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  词汇:constantly“不变的,经常的”,在这里用来修饰“哲学家们的探索和寻找”,应该译成“一直或坚持不懈地”。aesthetic experience“审美体验”,unique“独一无二的”。Other source可直译为“其他来源”,也可意译为“别处”。 t# y,9>6  
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  48.[精解] 本题考核知识点:目的状语从句、方式状语从句、it作形式主语的翻译。 Y{#*;p*I  
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  该句的主干成分是they hold that…,that引导的宾语从句的主干是it is necessary to…。其中,it 做形式主语,真正的主语是to put aside…,翻译时应该直接译出真实主语的内容。在这里,将necessary一词的翻译提前更能突出“放弃”这一词的重要性。此外,宾语从句前面部分是一个目的状语从句in order to…,可以译成“为了……”。该目的状语中又包含了一个方式状语as it should be understood,as应译成“以……的方式”。 (aSuxl.Dq  
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  词汇:hold根据上下文译为“认为,坚信”。put aside原意是“忘记,不考虑,抛弃”,在文中和interests搭配应译为“放弃”。interest原意为“无趣,爱好”,根据上下文译为“关注”。 ;PU'"MeB "  
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  49.[精解] 本题考核知识点:并列宾语从句、定语从句、重点词组的翻译。 `{ HWk^  
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  该句主干是we believe that…, but that…。其中but 连接两个并列分句,二者之间为转折关系,在后一分句中包含了一个定语从句,即that is of independent value修饰不定代词something。 L+ XAbL)  
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  词汇:For one’s own sake为了某人自己的利益,这里应根据上下文活译成“作为艺术”。of independent value在这里是介词短语做定语,直译为“具有独立价值的(东西)”。 J=: \b  
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  50.[精解] 本题考核知识点:被动语态、让步状语从句、定语从句的翻译 &=n/h5e0t&  
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  该句的主干是a joke is laughed at for its own sake,even though 引导的是让步状语从句,译为“尽管……”,翻译时,为了突出强调状语部分,可根据汉语习惯将其前置至句首。Which引导定语从句修饰laughter,因为定语部分较长,所以应该将其拆译成独立的一部分。 dPf7o   
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  词汇:lighten燃亮,照亮,该动词由形容词light转化而来。词性发生变化,词义有所保留。Momentarily片刻的。 tu* uQ:Ipk  
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  全文翻译 rKFnivGT  
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  艺术价值理论有两种,我们称之为外在理论和内在理论。前者将艺术和对艺术的欣赏看作是达到某种公认的道德利益的手段;而后者看到的不是它们工具性的价值而是投向自身物体的价值。将艺术价值定位于其对艺术欣赏者的影响上是外在理论的特点。艺术被认为是一种教育形式,也许是一种情感教育。在这种情况下,是否有一些达到同样效果的更有效的方法还没有定论。或者,人们也许认为艺术有负面价值,正如柏拉图在他的《理想国》一书里所认为的那样,艺术会影响那些接触它的人,使其堕落,或起不到教化作用。 _`^AgRE  
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  现代社会中被列夫托尔斯泰吸收进1896年出版的《艺术论》一书中的外在理论,很少看起来完全令人满意。哲学家们一直在不懈地探索唯美体验中的价值。这种价值是独一无二的,因此不能从别处获得。这种内在理论的极端版本与华特·佩特、奥斯卡·王尔德及法国印象主义者联系在一起,并将这一理论概括成这样的口号:“为艺术而艺术”。这些思想家和作家相信:艺术不仅仅是它自身的终结也是对其自身的充分证明。他们还相信,为了以理解艺术的方式去相信理解艺术,必须放弃对其他方面的关注而只关注艺术作品本身。 *l"CIG'  
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  在这两种极端的观点之间,有一些折中的观点。比如,我们认为艺术作品必须作为艺术而被人们欣赏,但是我们在欣赏艺术作品时也能从中获得一些独立的价值。因此,笑话是因为其本身而可笑,尽管笑声中有独立的价值,这一价值又通过使我们在片刻中脱离自己而燃亮了我们的生命。为什么不可以用相似的事情来说明艺术作品呢,许多艺术作品渴望着与好的笑话一样具有娱乐性。 (EosLn h0  
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11楼  发表于: 2016-08-08   
The value which society places on work has traditionally been closely associated with the value of individualism and as a result it has had negative effects on the development of social security. (46)It has meant that in the first place the amount of benefits must be small lest people’s willingness to work and support themselves suffers. Even today with flat rate and earnings-related benefits, the total amount of the benefit must always be smaller than the person’s wages for fear of malingering. “The purpose of social security,” said Huntford referring to Sweden’s comparatively generous benefits, “is to dispel need without crossing the threshold of prosperity.” Second, social security benefits are granted under conditions designed to reduce the likelihood of even the boldest of spirits attempting to live on the State rather than work. Many of the rules surrounding the payment of unemployment or supplementary benefit are for this purpose. Third, the value placed on work is manifested in a more positive way as in the case of disability. (47) People suffering from accidents incurred at work or from occupational diseases receive preferential treatment by the social security service compared with those suffering from civil accidents and ordinary illnesses. _xm<zy{`S  
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  Yet, the stranglehold which work has had on the social security service has been increasingly loosened over the years. The provision of family allowances, family income supplements, the slight liberalization of the wages stop are some of the manifestations of this trend. (48)Similarly, the preferential treatment given to occupational disability by the social security service has been increasingly questioned with the demands for the upgrading of benefits for the other types of disability.It is felt that in contemporary industrial societies the distinction between occupational and non-occupational disability is artificial for many non-occupational forms of disability have an industrial origin even if they do not occur directly in the workplace. (49) There is also the additional reason which we mentioned in the argument for one benefit for all one-parent families, that a modern social security service must concentrate on meeting needs irrespective of the cause behind such needs. dhnX\/  
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  The relationship between social security and work is not all a one-way affair. (50) It is true that until very recently the general view was that social security “represented a type of luxury and was essentially anti-economic.” It was seen as merely government expenditure for the needy. As we saw, however, redundancy payments and earnings-related unemployment benefits have been used with some success by employers and the government to reduce workers’ opposition towards loss of their jobs. esBv,b?*  
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  总体分析 ob2_=hQnC  
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  这是一篇关于社会保障的文章,主要论述社会赋予工作的价值这种观点所带来的后果,并指出虽然社会保障存在一些问题,但是仍有成效可见。 U5~aG!E  
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  第一段:先提出社会赋予工作的价值在传统上一直与个人主义紧密联系在一起,因此对社会保障的发展产生了负面的影响。接着具体论述了三点影响。 ^p 9V5o  
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  第二段:转折指出,近年来工作对社会保障的束缚日益松解。接着作者又提到现代工业社会中工伤和非工伤的区别是虚假的,最后提到单亲家庭的救济理由,即一个现代的社会保障体系必须专注于满足需求,不管这些需求的背后有何原因。 !z4I-a  
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  第三段:综述社会保障和工作之间的关系。并指出看待社会保障的几种观点。 ~1}fL 1~5  
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  文章是有关社会生活的评论性文章,所用词汇绝大多数为书面用语,句子结构也比较复杂,长句较多。此外,这篇文章的主题“社会保障”是社会生活中比较常见的话题,所以考生可以结合常识理解。由此可见,考生平时应该注意一些有关社会文化生活的中英文报道,一方面熟悉常用词汇,一方面积累常识性知识。 7 L ,`7k|  
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  文章考核的知识点:(一)状语,包括目的状语从句,分词作状语,介词短语作状语。(二)定语,包括定语从句,过去分词作定语等。(三)it为形式主语的主语从句。(四)同位语。 S hy.:XI  
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  46.[精解] 本题考核知识点:目的状语从句的翻译 H!X*29nX  
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  该句是一个含有lest引导的目的状语从句的复合句。主句部分又包含了一个that引导的宾语从句。主句的主语为代词it,考生翻译时应联系上下文找出它所指代的对象,避免产生歧义。在此句中,it指代的是前文整个句子,可以译为“这种观念”。Mean字面含义是“表示...的意思”,在这里因为主语译成观念,所以可将mean活译成“认为”与之相搭配。连词lest引导目的状语从句,按字面意思直译是“以免人们的积极性受到损害”,但是考虑到要突出主语以及具体动作,可依照汉语习惯译成主动句。 O|=?!|`o  
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  词汇:benefit常见含义是“好处,利益”,因为整个文章谈论的是社会保障问题,所以应译成“救济金,保障金”。in the first place字面意思是“在第一的位置上”,一般译为“首先”。Willingness原意为“甘愿,自愿”,Suffer意为“受损害,受痛苦”,两个词搭配在一起,译为“积极性受到损害”或“损害积极性”。 VBDb K|  
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  47.[精解] 本题考核知识点:现在分词作定语、过去分词作定语、过去分词作状语的译法 \#w8~+`Gq  
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  该句的主干是people … receive preferential treatment。其中suffering from accidents …or from occupational diseases是现在分词作定语修饰主语people,考生在翻译时可以按照汉语的习惯,将定语放到名词前面。incurred at work是过去分词作定语,修饰这一词组前的accidents,可意译为“因工受伤”。compared with those suffering … 是过去分词结构作状语,翻译时,状语部分可放在句首,译为“与...相比”。此外,考生应将该部分中those一词所指代的对象译出,以免产生歧义。联系上下文可得,它是泛指代词,可译为“人们”。Those 后面的现在分词词组仍然充当定语。 }wv Rs5;o  
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  词汇:Occupational diseases“职业病”;preferential treatment“优待”;incur“招致”;social security service社会保障服务;civil“市民的,公民的”,这里与work 相对,译为“个人的”。  ?f'`b<o  
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  48.[精解] 本题考核知识点:被动语态、过去分词作定语、介词短语作状语的译法 MMET^SO  
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  该句子的主句是被动语态结构the preferential treatment has been questioned。对被动语态的翻译,可以将其译为“遭受,受到”等。文章中given to occupational disability by the social security service部分是过去分词短语作定语的结构,修饰主语the treatment。With引导的介词短语作状语,翻译时既可以按照汉语习惯放到句首,也可以独立译成一个分句,突出强调这一事件。 1EQ:@1  
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  词汇:increasingly字面意思是“渐渐地,逐渐地”,在文中译为“越来越多地”;question作动词时译为“质疑”。Upgrade“上升,上涨,提高”。 6 ]<yR> '  
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  49.[精解] 本题考核知识点:同位语、定语从句的翻译 #Y-_kQV*  
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  该句子的主干成分是there be 结构there is also the reason,可直接译为“还有一个理由”。that引导的句子为reason的同位语,翻译时可以直接用一个“即”字引导,紧跟在reason后面。which 引导定语从句,修饰reason一词,翻译时按照汉语习惯置于名词的前面。 aCQ[Uc<B :  
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  词汇:additional“额外的,附加的”,one-parent family“单亲家庭”,concentrate on“集中于,专注于”,irrespective of“不顾……的;不考虑……的;不论……的”。 'w72i/  
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  50.[精解] 本题考核知识点:主语从句的翻译 z~p!7q&g  
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  第一个句子的主干成分是it is true,其中it为形式主语,that引导的从句为真正的主语。由于主语太长,可以将谓语部分提前译为“诚然”。主语从句的主干是the general view was that…,until very recently突出强调了所述现象存在的时间,在翻译时,可以单独译成“直到最近”。主语从句中又包含了that引导的表语从句。后一句是一个简单的被动语态结构It was seen as …,考生注意翻译时应将主语代词it 指代的对象译出,在句中它指代的是“社会保障”。 9 lG a*f)  
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  词汇:represented“代表”;luxury“奢侈,享受”。Essentially“基本的,本质的”。Expenditure“开支,费用”。Needy“贫困的”,在句中与定冠词the搭配,特指一类人,可以译为“贫困群体”。 KOXG=P0  
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  全文翻译 _G<Wq`0w)  
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  社会赋予工作的价值在传统上一直与个人主义价值紧密联系在一起,因此对社会保障的发展产生了负面的影响。首先,这种观念认为,救济金的数额必须小,以免损害人们主动工作,自食其力的积极性。尽管目前的救济金一直保持固定的比率,而且与收入挂钩,但是为了防止有人装病以逃避职责,救济金的总数额总是必须小于人们的周薪。在谈到瑞典相对较多的救济金时,亨特·福德说:“社会保障的目的是摆脱没有跨越富裕界限的需要。”第二,社会保障金的发放是有条件的,设计这些条件的目的是为了减少那些胆大妄为者企图依靠国家而不是依靠工作而生活的可能性。许多围绕失业付给或补充救济金的规则都是为了这一目的而设置的。第三,在伤残情况下,赋予工作的价值以更明确的方式体现出来。与那些遭受个人意外和普通疾病的人相比,因公受伤或者患有职业病的人在社会保障服务方面享有优待。” T9r6,yY  
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  然而,近年来工作对社会保障的束缚日益松解。在家庭补贴、家庭收入增补、对停薪限制宽松化等方面的规定都能体现出这种趋势。同样,社会保障服务给予职业伤残的优惠待遇越来越多地受到了质疑,人们要求提高对其他类型伤残的救济。可以感觉到的是,在当代工业社会中,职业伤残和非职业伤残的不同是虚假的,因为许多非职业伤残尽管不是直接发生在工作场所,仍然有着工业根源。此外,还有一个我们在讨论单亲家庭救济问题时所提及的理由,即一个现代的社会保障服务必须专注于满足需求,不管这些需求的背后有何原因。 ?^7X2 u$nm  
DyZ6&*s$  
  社会保障和工作之间的关系,并不都是单方面的事情。直到最近,普遍的观点依然认为社会保障“体现的是一种享受,从本质上讲是反经济的”。它仅仅被看作是政府用于贫困群体的开支,但是雇主和政府仍然较为成功地运用了裁员支出和与收入相关的失业福利减少了工人对于失业的反对。 a #CjGj)  
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12楼  发表于: 2016-08-10   
 Relativity theory has had a profound influence on our picture of matter by forcing us to modify our concept of a particle in an essential way. (47)In classical physics, the mass of an object had always been associated with an indestructible material substance, with some “stuff” of which all things were thought to be made.Relativity theory showed that mass has nothing to do with any substance, but is a form energy. Energy, however, is a dynamic quantity associated with activity, or with processes.(48)The fact that the mass of a particle is equivalent to a certain of energy means that the particle can no longer be seen as a static object, but has to be conceived as a dynamic pattern, a process involving the energy which manifest itself as the particle’s mass. N,VI55J:y>  
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  (49)This new view of particles was initiated by Dirac when he formulated a relativistic equation describing the behavior of electrons. Dirac’s theory was not only extremely successful in accounting for the fine details of atomic structure, but also revealed a fundamental symmetry between matter and anti-matter. It predicted the existence of an anti-matter with the same mass as the electron but with an opposite charge. This positively charged particle, now called the positron, was indeed discovered two years after Dirac had predicted it. The symmetry between matter and anti-matter implies that for every particle there exists an antiparticles with equal mass and opposite charge. Pairs of particles and antiparticles can be created if enough energy is available and can be made to turn into pure energy in the reverse process of destruction.(50)These processes of particle creation and destruction had been predicted from Dirac’s theory before they were actually discovered in nature, and since then they have been observed millions of times. wzoT!-_X  
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  The creation of material particles from pure energy is certainly the most spectacular effect of relativity theory, and it can only be understood in terms of the view of particles outlined above.(51)Before relativistic particle physics, the constituents of matter had always been considered as being either elementary units which were indestructible and unchangeable, or as composite objects which could be broken up into their constituent parts; and the basic question was whether one could divide matter again and again, or whether one would finally arrive at some smallest indivisible units. r_tt~|s,>  
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  答案 .Xe_Gp"x  
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  47.在古典物理中,某一物体的质量总是与一种不可毁灭的物质相关联。这是一种构成一切物质的“东西”。 >X"\+7bw  
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  48.某一粒子的质量相当于一定的能量,这一事实意味着该粒子不再被看作是一个静态的物体,而应该被看成是一种动态的形式,一种与能量表现为粒子质量相关的过程。 e6{E(=R[M  
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  49.这一新的粒子观是由迪拉克首创的,他列出了描述电子运动行为的相对论方程。 Y;g\ @j  
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  50.粒子生成和毁灭的过程在真正被发现之前,迪拉克的理论已经对它们作出了预测,从那时起人们对此做过数百万次的观测。 psz0q |  
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  51.在相对论粒子物理学诞生之前,人们一直以为物质的构成成分要么是不可毁灭和不可改变的基本单位,要么是可以分解为其构成部分的合成物。 (q}Li rR  
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  总体分析 ^1_[UG  
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  本文是一篇关于粒子物理理论的文章。 "i*gJFW|  
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  第一段:指出相对论改变了我们的粒子概念,从而影响了我们对物质的理解。 0&2`)W?9  
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  第二段:指出这一粒子观点是由迪拉克首创的,他的理论揭示了物质和反物质的基本对称。该理论已经得到了证实。 e VQ-?DK  
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  第三段:纯能量创造物质粒子是相对论最惊人的影响。相对论观点的粒子物理学改变了人们对于物质的看法和理解。 pW>{7pXn  
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  本文是一篇科普性说明文,属于正式文体。考生首要的任务是清楚地分析句子结构,并结合自己的物理常识准确把握生疏词汇,在此基础上完成翻译。本题考核的知识点:(一)被动语态。(二)定语,包括定语从句,分词作定语。(三)状语从句。  tL<.B  
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13楼  发表于: 2016-08-10   
Wisdom born of experience should tell us that war is obsolete.(46)There may have been a time when war served as a negative good by preventing the spread and growth of an evil force, but the destructive power of modern weapons eliminates even the possibility that war may serve any good at all. In a day when vehicles hurtle through outer space and guided ballistic missiles carve highways of death through the stratosphere, no nation can claim victory in war. A so-called limited war will leave little more than a calamitous legacy of human suffering, political and spiritual disillusionment. A world war will leave only smoldering ashes as mute testimony of a human race whose folly led inexorably to ultimate death. (47)If modern man continues to toy unhesitatingly with war, he will transform his earthly habitat into a hell such as even the mind of Dante (但丁) could not imagine. HXZ,"S  
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  (48)Therefore I suggest that the philosophy and strategy of nonviolence becomes immediately a subject for study and for serious experimentation in every field of human conflict, by no means excluding the relations between nations. It is, after all, nation states, which make war, which have produced the weapons that threaten the survival of mankind and which are both genocidal and suicidal in character. Y#=MN~##t  
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  We have ancient habits to deal with, vast structures of power, indescribably complicated problems to solve.(49)But unless we resign our humanity altogether and yield to fear and impotence in the presence of the weapons we have ourselves created, it is as possible and as urgent to put an end to war and violence between nations as it is to put an end to poverty and racial injustice. &%t&[Se _~  
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  I do not minimize the complexity of the problems that need to be faced. (50)But I am convinced that we shall not have the will, the courage and the insight to deal with such matters unless in this field we are prepared to undergo a mental and spiritual re-evaluation, a change of focus which will enable us to see that the things that seem most real and powerful are indeed now unreal and have come under sentence of death. We need to make a supreme effort to generate the readiness, indeed the eagerness, to enter into the new world, which is now possible, “the city which hath foundation, whose Building and Maker is God”. . sFN[>)  
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  答案 zZ<*  
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  46.也许曾经有一段时间,战争通过阻止邪恶势力的扩张和发展而成为负面的善举,但现代武器的巨大破坏力消除了战争成为善举的任何可能性。 2' ^7G@%  
MOnTp8   
  47如果现代人继续毫无顾忌地玩弄战争,他将使现世的生存环境变成但丁的心灵都无法想像的地狱。 wEJzLFCn  
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  48.因此,我建议将非暴力的哲学和策略立即定为一个研究课题,并在人类冲突的各个领域,不排除在国与国的关系中,进行认真的实验。 dh&> E  
HiH<'m"\.  
  49.但是除非我们完全丧失人性,并在自己制造的武器面前完全陷入恐惧和无能,那么结束国家之间的战争和暴力与结束贫穷和种族歧视同样具有可能性和紧迫性。 V{A`?Jl6{  
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  50.但是我坚信,除非我们在这方面准备进行一次精神和灵魂的重新评估,改变关注点,以使我们看到,表面上最现实、最强大的东西其实是最不现实、已经被宣判死刑的东西,我们将不会有意志、勇气和远见来处理这些事情。 P+OS  
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  总体分析 gw[Eu>I  
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  这是一篇关于战争的文章。文中谈到了战争的危害性,以及如何防御战争的问题。 x-%RRm<V  
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  第一段:首先指出战争是过时的,接着讲述随着现代科学技术的进步,战争的危害更大了,甚至会导致整个人类的死亡。 '\xE56v)F  
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  第二段:作者提出了建议性的解决办法,即将非暴力的哲学和策略定为研究课题。 Z*UV byC  
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  第三段:指出终止国家之间的战争与暴力具有可能性和紧迫性。 18Z1F  
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  第四段:重申了制止战争的可能性,即战争是最不现时、已经被宣判死刑的东西。 >8=lX`9f{  
试题精解  6pbCQ q  
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  46.[精解] 本题考核知识点:状语从句和定语从句、根据上下文确定词汇的译法 >][D"  
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  此句是but连接的并列句,前一分句的主干是there may have been a time,time后是when引导的时间状语从句。后一分句的主干是the destructive power ... eliminates the possibility,possibility后是that引导的定语从句,可用前置法译为“...的可能性”。 #Ra qNu  
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  词汇:注意根据上下文确定词汇的译法。如a negative good。Good在这里是名词,意为“好处,好事”等。本句中译为“善举”有动作性,突出了战争的影响。negative是“消极的,负面的”,二者组合到一起,可以译成“负面的善举”。eliminates the possibility中eliminates一词译为“消除”,有否定的含义,它和even ... any good at all一起强调“消除了战争成为善举的任何可能性”。 t H.L_< N  
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  47.[精解] 本题考核知识点:条件复合句、根据上下文确定词汇的译法 ljOY;WV3  
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  此句是一个含if条件句的复合句,译为“如果...(那么)...”。翻译的难点在于词汇的翻译。Toy一词在句中是动词,译为“玩弄”。Unhesitatingly原意为“不踌躇地,坚定地”,但由于句中是贬义的用法,应译为“毫无顾忌地”。Transform...into...“把...转变成...”。Earthly的意思有“现世的,可能的,地球的”等,但句中它和hell(地狱)形成对照,因此应译为“现世的”。Habitat意为“生活环境,产地,栖息地”等,由于句中指的是人类的居所,可译为“生存环境”。 (=Kv1 HaD  
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  48.[精解] 本题考核知识点:后置定语、名词转换为动词的译法 {5<fvMO!6  
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  该句子的主干是I suggest that the philosophy and strategy ... becomes a subject for study and for experimentation,in every field和excluding ...语法上讲分别是介词短语和分词结构作experimentation的后置定语。本句的难点是对experimentation的翻译,它是名词,本意为“实验”,但在句中应该活译为动词,即“做实验”。这样它的后置定语成分也相应地转换成状语修饰成分。直译为“在人类冲突的各个领域的认真实验”,意译为“在人类冲突的各个领域进行认真的实验”。  QSY>8P  
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  49.[精解] 本题考核知识点:条件复合句、比较结构的译法 y#iz$lX R  
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  本句是含unless引导的条件句的复合句,其主干是unless ... it is as possible and as urgent to ... as it is to ... 。主句中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式,因此it可以不译,直接译出后面的内容。比较结构As possible and urgent as...结构可译为“和...一样可能和紧迫”,也可突出书面语的特点用名词表达,译为“和...同样具有可能性和紧迫性”。we have ourselves created做定语修饰the weapons,翻译时采用前置法把定语提前,译为“我们自己创造的武器”。 'o#oRK{#  
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  词汇:resign作及物动词,原意为“辞去,放弃,抛弃”,在该句中接宾语our humanity,可译为“丧失”;yield to原意为“屈服于...”,在文中活译为“陷入”;impotence“无能”;in the presence of“在……的面前”。 igk<]AwxS  
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  50[精解] 本题考核知识点:多重复合句的译法 2[qfF6FHA  
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  此句子较长,翻译的难点在于对多重复合句结构的把握。该句的主干成份I am convinced that,是结构的第一层。第二层是that 引导的宾语从句we shall not have the will, the courage and the insight to deal with such matters unless ... 。该从句中又包含了一个unless引导的条件状语从句,这是本句的第三层结构。它的主干是we are prepared to undergo a re-evaluation, a change of focus ... ,其中a change of focus是re-evaluation的同位语,起到解释说明的作用。由于后面的修饰成分还很长,可以从这里断句,重起一句。该句的第四层结构是which will enable us to see that...,这一定语从句修饰a change of focus。由于定语较长,采用拆译法,单独译出。其中that又引导了一个宾语从句 seem most real and powerful are indeed now unreal and have come under sentence of death。 /)Cfm1$ic  
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  词汇:re-evaluation“重新评估”;come under原意为“遭到,受到”,表被动含义,文中可译为“被”;sentence of death“死刑”。 i3N{D t  
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  全文翻译 :.e'?a  
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  来自经验积累的智慧告诉我们,战争是过时的。也许曾经有一段时间,战争通过阻止邪恶势力的扩张和发展而成为负面的善举,但现代武器的巨大破坏力消除了战争成为善举的任何可能性。在运载航天火箭穿越外太空,引导弹道导弹在大气同温层划上死亡轨迹的时代,没有任何一个民族可以宣称是战争的胜利者。所谓的有限战争给人们留下的只有灾难,政治上和精神上的理想幻灭。世界战争留下的只是硝烟,无言地证明了:人类的愚蠢将不可避免地导致最后的死亡。如果现代人继续毫无顾忌地玩弄战争,他将使现世的生存环境变成但丁的心灵都无法想像的地狱。 @9HRGxJ=}  
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  因此,我建议将非暴力哲学和策略立即定为一个研究课题,并在人类冲突的各个领域,当然不排除在国与国的关系中,进行认真的试验。毕竟,那些国家和民族就是制造战争、生产威胁人类生存的武器以及生来具有种族灭绝性和自杀性的元凶。 4@{c K|  
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  我们有一个古老的习惯,就是用巨大的力量组织解决无法描述的复杂的问题,但是除非我们完全丧失人性,并在自己制造的武器面前完全陷入恐惧和无能,否则终止国家之间的战争和暴力与结束贫穷和种族歧视同样具有可能性和紧迫性。 ?Te#lp;`~  
^:{8z;w!(  
  我并不是将需要面对的复杂的问题简单化,但是我相信,除非我们准备在这方面进行一次精神和灵魂的重新评估,改变关注点,以使我们看到,看起来最现实、最强大的东西其实是最不现实、已经被宣判死刑的东西,否则我们不会有意志、勇气和远见来处理这些事情。我们需要尽最大的努力准备着甚至是热切地进入一个崭新的世界,目前看这是可能的:那是上帝建造的城堡。 *zrGrk:l  
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14楼  发表于: 2016-08-10   
 Gandhi’s pacifism can be separated to some extent from his other teachings. (46)Its motive was religious, but he claimed also for it that it was a definite technique, a method, capable of producing desired political results. Gandhi’s attitude was not that of most Western pacifists. Satyagraha, (47)the method Gandhi proposed and practiced, first evolved in South Africa, was a sort of nonviolent warfare, a way of defeating the enemy without hurting him and without feeling or arousing hatred. It entailed such things as civil disobedience, strikes, lying down in front of railway trains, enduring police charges without running away and without hitting back, and the like. Gandhi objected to “passive resistance” as a translation of Satyagraha: in Gujuruti, it seems the word means “firmness in the truth.” (48)In his early days Gandhi served as a stretcher-bearer on the British side in the Boer War, and he was prepared to do the same again in the war of 1914-1918. Even after he had completely renounced violence he was honest enough to see that in war it is usually necessary to take sides. Since his whole political life centred round a struggle for national independence, he could not and, (49)indeed, he did not take the fruitless and dishonest line of pretending that in every war both sides are exactly the same and it makes no difference who wins. Nor did he, like most Western pacifists, specialize in avoiding awkward questions. In relation to the war, one question that every pacifist had a clear obligation to answer is: “What about the Jews? Are you prepared to see them exterminated?”(50)I must say that I have never heard, from any Western pacifist, an honest answer to this question, though I have heard plenty of evasions, usually of the “you’re another” type. But it so happens that Gandhi was asked a somewhat similar question in 1938 and his answer was on record in Mr. Louis Fisher’s Gandhi and Stalin. According to Mr. Fisher, Gandhi’s view was that the German Jews ought to commit collective suicide, which “would have aroused the world and the people of Germany to Hitler’s violence.” 2 ~$S @c  
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  答案 ~ps,U  
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  46.其动机是宗教性质的,但他也说这是一种明显的技巧,一种方法,它可以产生预期的政治效果。 c1k[)O~  
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  47.这个由甘地提出并付诸实践的方法,最早起源于南非,是一种非暴力的斗争方式,用既不伤害对方又不会引发仇恨的手段打败敌人。 $\NqD:fgb  
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  48.早年间,在布尔战争期间甘地曾经为英方抬过担架,而且在1914-1918年战争期间他又准备这么做。 ; R+>}6  
tC'E#2  
  49.而且也确实没有采取毫无意义的、不诚实的态度,假装说在所有战争中参战双方完全一样,因而谁获得胜利都无所谓。  bHG<B  
P_A@`eU0  
  50.我必须说,我从未从任何一个西方和平主义者那里听到过对该问题的诚实的答复,但是却听大了大量的躲闪之词,通常都是“你是另外一回事”之类的回答。 Nj4CkMM[3  
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  总体分析 l%EvXdZuOy  
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  本文是一篇介绍甘地的和平主义的文章。文章先介绍了甘地的和平主义的性质、来源、具体形式等。接着指出了甘地作为和平主义者的独特之处:首先,他虽然反对暴力,但并不否认战争的立场;其次,他不躲避回答棘手的问题。 ^yPZ$Q  
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  本文考查的知识点:后置定语、插入语、it做形式主语的主语从句等。 XZKlE F?  
 试题精解 Kz42AC  
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  46.[精解] 本题考核知识点:后置定语的翻译。 j2Dw7"f3  
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  该句是由but连接的两个并列分句:前一分句是简单句,后一分句是主从复合句。后一分句的主干是he claimed that...,其中that引导宾语从句。从句中形容词短语capable of...做后置定语,修饰名词a technique, a method。该定语可以按照汉语习惯译为前置定语,即,“一种可以产生预期的政治效果的明显的技巧和方法”;也可以采用拆译法,译为一个句子,增译代词“它”做主语。 I*N"_uKU  
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  词汇:claim意为“宣称,声称,说”;definite意为“肯定的,确定的;清楚的,明显的”,它和technique搭配时取“明显的”含义;desired意为“渴望的,期望的”,当它和results/effect等词搭配时常常译为“预期的”。 )9`HO?   
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  47.[精解] 本题考核知识点:后置定语的翻译和词义的选择。 cRf F!EV  
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  该句的主干结构是:the method... was a sort of warfare。主语the method后有两个后置定语:一个是省略关系代词的定语从句Gandhi proposed and practiced;另一个是过去分词短语first evolved in...。如果把它们都译为汉语的前置定语会很冗长,不符合汉语表达习惯。因此可把第一个定语前置,第二个定语转译为谓语。而真正的谓语前可加上“这”或“它”指代真正的主语。表语a sort of warfare后是一个较长的同位语a way of defeating...。其中介词短语of...做后置定语修饰名词a way,翻译时应前置。 [cnu K  
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  词汇:practice意为“练习,训练;经常做;从事”等,在本句中与propose(提出)对应译为“付诸实践”。evolve意为“逐渐形成;进化”,但它在本句中不能将基本含义照搬,而应意译为“起源于(南非)”。warfare意为“作战,战争;斗争,冲突”等,根据上下文,该词应增译为“斗争的方式(方法)”。 3FR(gr$X  
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  48.[精解] 本题考核知识点:定语和状语的翻译 X\Bl? F   
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  该句是and连接的并列句,其主干结构是:Gandhi served as a... and he was prepared...。前一分句中“in his early days”和“in the Boer War”都作时间状语,修饰谓语served,翻译时应放在句首。“on the British side”做后置定语,修饰stretcher-bearer,应译为前置定语,即,“英方的担架员”。 1k6asz^T  
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  词汇:serve as sth.意为“(为……)工作,服务,履行义务,尽职责”;stretcher-bearer指“抬担架者”;on sb.’s side意为“站在某人一边,和某人观点一致”。 #S?^?3d  
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  49.[精解] 本题考核知识点:后置定语、主语从句的翻译。 `6VnL)  
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  该句的主干是he did not take the... line,介词短语of...做后置定语修饰宾语the line。由于定语太长,应采取拆译法,另起一句。动名词pretending后接有that引导的宾语从句。该从句由两个并列的分句组成:both sides are... and it makes...,后一分句中it为形式主语,从句who wins为真正的主语,汉语中不存在这种语法形式,因此可以直接将从句内容译为主语。 {*O%A  
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  词汇:line一词的含义较多,但在本句中的含义是“态度,看法”;fruitless意为“没有成果的,无成效的,徒然的”;pretend意为“假装”,本句中它后面跟有从句,应增译为“假装说”。 )<V!lsUx'-  
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  50.[精解] 本题考核知识点:插入语、后置定语的翻译 ura&9~   
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  该句的主干是I must say,后面是that引导的宾语从句。宾语从句是一个主从复合句。主句是I have never heard an honest answer,其谓语和宾语之间插入了一个状语成分,翻译时可放在句首或谓语之前,译为“从任何一个西方和平主义者那里我从未听说过”或“我从未从任何一个西方和平主义者那里听说过”。though引导转折状语从句,其中介词短语of...做后置定语,修饰宾语evasions,可译为前置定语,也可另起一句。 uNn1qV  
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  词汇:evasion意为“躲避,逃避;借口,托词”,根据上下文可活译为“躲闪之词”、“逃避的说法”等。 *Vl#]81~  
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  全文翻译 G{: B'08  
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  甘地的和平主义在某种程度上可以与他的其他教义区分开来。其动机是宗教性质的,但他也说这是一种明显的技巧,一种方法,它可以产生预期的政治效果。甘地的态度不同于大多数西方和平主义者的态度。Satyagraha——这个由甘地提出并付诸实践的方法,最早起源于南非,是一种非暴力的斗争方式,用既不伤害对方又不会引发仇恨的手段打败敌人。它包括诸如公民抗议、罢工、卧轨、忍受警方的指控既不逃跑也不还击等等。甘地反对把“Satyagraha”翻译为“消极抵抗”,在古吉拉特语中,这个词的意思好像是“真理的坚定性”。早年间,在布尔战争期间甘地曾经为英方抬过担架,而且在1914-1918年战争期间他又准备这么做。即使在他彻底放弃暴力之后,他仍然很诚实地认识到在战争中必须要有明确的立场。由于他的整个政治生涯都在为民族独立而斗争,因此他不能,而且也确实没有采取毫无意义的、不诚实的态度,假装说在所有战争中参战双方完全一样,因而谁获得胜利都无所谓。他也没有像大多数西方和平主义者一样,专门躲避棘手的问题。对于战争,每一个和平主义者都有明确义务去回答的一个问题是:“犹太人怎么办?你准备看到他们被灭绝吗?”我必须说,我从未从任何一个西方和平主义者那里听到过对该问题的诚实的答复,但是却听见了大量的躲闪之词,通常都是“你是另外一回事”之类的回答。甘地在1938年也被问到了类似的问题。他的回答被收录在路易斯·费舍尔先生所著的《甘地和斯大林》一书中。据费舍尔先生记载,甘地认为德国犹太人应该选择集体自杀,“以唤起世界和德国人对希特勒暴政的认识”。 ~}b0zL  
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15楼  发表于: 2016-08-11   
There is no question that science-fiction writers have become more ambitious, stylistically and thematically, in recent years. (46) But this may have less to do with the luring call of academic surroundings than with changing market conditions—a factor that academic critics rarely take into account.Robert Silverberg, a former president of The Science Fiction Writers of America, is one of the most prolific professionals in a field dominated by people who actually write for a living. (Unlike mystery or Western writers, most science-fiction writers cannot expect to cash in on fat movie sales or TV tie-ins.) (47) Still in his late thirties, Silverberg has published more than a hundred books, and he is disarmingly frank about the relationship between the quality of genuine prose and the quality of available outlet. By his own account, he was “an annoyingly verbal young man” from Brooklyn who picked up his first science-fiction book at the age of ten, started writing seriously at the age of thirteen, and at seventeen nearly gave up in despair over his inability to break into the pulp magazines. (48) At his parents’ urging, he enrolled in Columbia University, so that, if worst came to worst, he could always go to the School of Journalism and “get a nice steady job somewhere”. During his sophomore year, he sold his first science-fiction story to a Scottish magazine named Nebula. By the end of his junior year, he had sold a novel and twenty more stories. (49) By the end of his senior year, he was earning two hundred dollars a week writing science fiction, and his parents were reconciled to his pursuit of the literary life. “I became very cynical very quickly,” he says. First I couldn’t sell anything, then I could sell everything. The market played to my worst characteristics. An editor of a schlock magazine would call up to tell me he had a ten-thousand-word hole to fill in his next issue. I’d fill it overnight for a hundred and fifty dollars. I found that rewriting made no difference. (50) I knew I could not possibly write the kinds of things I admired as a reader—Joyce, Kafka, Mann—so I detached myself from my work. I was a phenomenon among my friends in college, a published, selling author. But they always asked, “When are you going to do something serious?” —meaning something that wasn’t science fiction—and I kept telling them, “ When I’m financially secure.” $E Y[CA E  
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  46.但是这一点与其说是与学术环境具有诱惑力的召唤有关,还不如说是与变化的市场状况有关——一这是一个学术评论家很少考虑的因素。 C2R"96M7q  
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  47.还不到四十多岁,西尔弗伯格就已出版了一百多本书籍,而他对真正散文的质量与应时之作的质量之间的关系十分坦诚,毫无掩饰。 --y,ky#  
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  48.在他双亲的敦促下,他报考了哥伦比亚大学,所以即便最糟他也能进入新闻学校,“将来总可以有一份稳定的好工作。” 5*2hTM!  
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  49.到大四结束的时候,他每星期写科幻小说已经可以赚两百美元了,而他的双亲也接受了他对于文学生涯的追求。 1 0zM8<bl  
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  50.我知道我写不出作为读者的我所喜欢的东西,就像乔伊斯、卡夫卡、曼恩的作品,所以我不再那么关注我所写的东西。 Po=:-Of:  
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  总体分析 1^o})9  
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  本文介绍了科幻小说家罗伯特·西尔弗伯格。文章先指出科幻小说的繁荣与市场需求关系紧密,接着通过介绍多产的科幻小说家西尔弗伯格的创作经历予以说明。 e;=R8i  
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  本文考查的知识点:后置定语、插入语、比较结构、同位语、上下文中词义的选择等。 4;~xRg;u&*  
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  试题精解 $o+@}B0)  
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  46.[精解] 本题考核知识点:比较结构、同位语的翻译。 R{brf6,  
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  该句的主干是this may have less to do with... than with...,其中含有一个比较结构less... than...,可译为“与其说…不如说…”。破折号后是名词短语a factor that... 做整个主句的同位语,其中that引导的定语从句做后置定语。由于是同位语,可单独译为一个句子,补译“这”为它的主语。 ] gHr qi%  
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  词汇:luring是lure的现在分词形式,可译为“具有诱惑力的”;factor意为“因素”;take into account意为“考虑”。 G :+D1J]  
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  47.[精解] 本题考核知识点:词义的选择。 y46sL~HRv  
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  该句是and连接的两个并列分句,其主干是Silverberg has published... , and he is frank about...。 KDg%sgRu}  
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  词汇:in one’s thirties意为“在(某人)三十几岁时”,由于本句中有late修饰,如果直译为“三十几岁晚期”不符合汉语表达习惯,应意译为“不到四十多岁”。disarmingly意为“使人消除敌意(或怀疑、怒气等)的”,与frank一起应译为“十分坦诚、直言不讳”。genuine意为“真正的;坦率的,真诚的”。available意为“可获得的,可找到的”,outlet意为“(思想、感情、精力发泄的)出路,表现机会”,available outlet不能直译,而应根据上文对应的genuine prose(真正的散文)意译为“应时之作”。 a)Ht(*/B  
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  48.[精解] 本题考核知识点:顺译法。 .gNJY7`b  
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  该句是主从复合句,其主干是he enrolled... so that... he could go to...,翻译时可采用顺译的方法,保持原来句子的顺序。句首介词短语At his parents’ urging作状语。so that引导结果状语从句,其中插入语if worst came to worst做条件状语,应意译为“在最糟糕的情况下”。 'h&>K,U?5  
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  词汇:urging为urge的动名词形式,译为“敦促”; MYJDfI  
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  49.[精解] 本题考核知识点:顺译法和分词的翻译。 uG.`  
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  该句是and连接的并列句,其主干是he was earning... and his parents were...,可采用顺译的方法翻译。前一分句中,分词结构writing science fiction作方式状语,翻译时应置于谓语前面,译为“(通过)写科幻小说”。 +;@R&Y  
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  词汇:be reconciled to意为“将就,妥协,接受”。 bneP>Bd  
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  50.[精解] 本题考核知识点:插入语、后置定语的翻译 Jk<b#SZ[b  
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  该句是个主从复合句,其主干是I knew... so I detached...。主从句之间是插入语,列举了几个作家的名字,根据上下文,这些名字实际上指代的是作家的作品,应补译为“乔伊斯、卡夫卡、曼恩的作品”。I knew后是省略了关系代词的宾语从句I could not write...,其中宾语the kind of things后又接有一个定语从句I admired as...,由于定语不长,可直接译为汉语的前置定语。 OlW5k`B  
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  词汇:detach oneself from sth.意为“挣脱,摆脱,离开”,文中应意译为“不关注我写的东西”。 BW`Tw^j  
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  毫无疑问,近些年在文体和主题上科幻小说作者已经变得更加雄心勃勃了。但是这一点与其说是与学术环境具有诱惑力的召唤有关,还不如说是与变化的市场状况有关——一这是一个学术评论家很少考虑的因素。前美国科幻小说家协会主席罗伯特·西尔弗伯格是在一个以写作为生计的作家为主导的领域中最多产的作家之一。(不像推理作家或西部文学作家,大部分科幻小说作家都不能指望从电影的热销或相关产品的销售中牟利。)还不到四十多岁,西尔弗伯格就已出版了一百多本书籍,而他对真正散文的质量与应时之作的质量之间的关系十分坦诚,毫无掩饰。按照他自己的说法,“他是来自布鲁克林一个令人讨厌的舞文弄墨的年轻人”,他十岁的时候看了第一本科幻小说,十三岁时开始认真地写作,到了十七岁由于对不能进入庸俗杂志领域的绝望而差点放弃写作。在他双亲的敦促下,他报考了哥伦比亚大学,所以即便最糟他也能进入新闻学校,“将来总可以有一份稳定的好工作。”大二时,他将他的第一个科幻故事卖给了一家叫《星云》的苏格兰科幻杂志。到大三结束时,他卖掉了一本小说和二十多个故事。到大四结束的时候,他每星期写科幻小说已经可以赚两百美元了,而他的双亲也接受了他对于文学生涯的追求。“很快我变得非常愤世嫉俗。”他说,我先是什么也卖不出,然后什么都卖得出。市场使我不好的性格展现出来。一个下三滥杂志的编辑会打电话告诉我他下一期杂志中缺一万字的文稿,于是我为了150美元的稿酬连夜赶稿。我发现改写后没有什么不一样。我知道我写不出作为读者的我所喜欢的东西,就像乔伊斯、卡夫卡、曼恩的作品,所以我不再那么关注我所写的东西。在我的大学朋友中,我是一个成功的人,一个已出版了作品和正在销售书籍的作者。但他们总是问:“你什么时候写点严肃的作品?”——指的是科幻小说之外的东西——而我总是说,“当我经济上稳妥了以后。” 5n2}|V$VqP  
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16楼  发表于: 2016-08-11   
【南水北调】 {bp~_`O  
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  In China water resources are unevenly distributed.Ingeneral, water resources are abundant in the southbut deficient in the north.With the increase ofpopulation and rapid economic development, theproblem of water shortage in the north is gettingmore and more serious.One solution is to divert water from one drainage area to another,also known as the South-to-North Water Diversion Project.There are three routes.The easternroute will transfer water from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River to north along theBeijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and through a tunnel under the Yellow River, from where it canflow downhill to reservoirs near Tianjin.The central route is from Danjiangkou Reservoir on theHan river, a branch of the Yangtze River, to Beijing.The western route, also called the BigWestern Line, aims at diverting water from the headwaters of the Yangtze River into theheadwaters of the Yellow River. f;W>:`'  
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  参考翻译: J$Ba*`~!!  
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  中国水资源地区分布不均匀。总体来讲,南方水资源丰富,北方则水资源匮乏。随着人口的增长和经济的快速发展,北方缺水的问题日益严重,解决办法之一就是跨流域(drainagearea)调水,也就是南水北调工程(South-to-North WaterDiversion Project)。南水北调工程包括东、中、西三条线路。东线从长江下游引水,沿京杭大运河(Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal)北送,穿过黄河下的管道,向下流入天津附近的水库(reservoir)。中线从长江的支流汉江的丹江口水库引水到北京。西线也被称作“大西线”,目的在于从长江上游引水到黄河上游。 (XA]k%45  
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17楼  发表于: 2016-08-11   
 【天宫一号目标飞行器】 L sMS`o6  
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  Tlangong-1 target spacecraft, launched onSeptember 29,2011, is China's first targetspacecraft and space laboratory. It fulfills theChinese people's dream of flying Apsaras andbecomes a landmark of the Chinese LunarExploration Program. The successful launch of Tiangong-1 indicates that after decades ofeconomic development, China's national strength has increased substantial which enables theChinese people to develop high-end aerospace science and technology. However, compared withRussia, America and other countries, China's space station technology is still in its initial stage.The lift-off of Tiangong-1 is the start of China's efforts to narrow the gap. The out space is thecommon wealth of mankind and China should make its own contribution to the exploration. ZTSNM)f  
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  参考翻译: yn5yQ;  
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  天宫一号目标飞行器(Tiangong-1 target spacecraft)于2011年9月29日发射,是中国第一个目标飞行器和空间实验室。它使中国人的飞天(flying Apsaras)梦想得以实现,成为中国探月工程(Chinese Lunar Exploration Program)的里程碑。天宫一号的成功发射表明,中国经过几十年的经济发展,国家实力得到大幅提升,有能力发展高端航天科技。但是,与俄罗斯、美国等国家相比,中国的空间站技术仍处于起步阶段,“天宫一号”的发射是中国努力缩小差距的开始。太空是人类共同的财富,在探索太空的事业中,中国应当做出自己的贡献。 ,a,coeL  
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18楼  发表于: 2016-08-12   
【中国传统婚礼】 '|i<?]U  
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  Traditional Chinese wedding is the essence ofChinese culture. Chinese ancestors believed thatdusk was the luckiest time in a day, so they held thewedding at dusk. Chinese are fond of red color andregard red as the symbol of happiness, success,luck, loyalty and prosperity. Therefore, in traditional Chinese weddings, the main color isred. There are red candles, red ribbons, red flowers as well as the red dress and shoes worn bythe bride. The food the bride eats has cultural significance. The bride usually has red dates,peanuts, longans and melon seeds, the symbolic meaning of which is evident in the Chinesepronunciation of these four foods. When pronounced together, it sounds like "zao sheng guizi (Have a lovely baby soon)". "(rG5z3P  
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  参考翻译: vr D]o1F  
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  中国传统婚礼是华夏文化的精粹。中国古人认为黄昏是一天中最吉利的时间,所以会在黄昏举行婚礼。中国人喜爱红,将红色看作是幸福、成功、好运、忠诚和繁荣的象征。因此在传统中国婚礼上,主色调是红色,有红色的蜡烛、红色的缎带(ribbon)、红花和新娘的红衣和红鞋。新娘吃的食物也是一种文化象征。新娘一般会吃红枣(red date)、花生、桂圆(longan)和瓜子(melon seed),其中的象征意义可以从这四种食物的读音中看出。当这四种食物放在一起读时就是“早生贵子”。 dRXF5Ox5K}  
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19楼  发表于: 2016-08-12   
【毛笔】 U1t7XZ3e  
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  The brush pen is a traditional Chinese tool of writing and painting. Chinese people have used the brush pen to write or paint for thousands of years. There is a legend about Meng Tian's creation of the brush pen in Qin Dynasty. The nib of a brush pen is made of the hair of an animal, say, the rabbit, the sheep, the wolf, etc. The penholder is often made of bamboo. Because of the requirement of social economy and culture, the brush pen has been replaced by other writing tools, and has become an antique for collection and appreciation. Now it is still a hobby of many children and elderly people to write or paint with a brush pen, for it can make people calm, strong and healthy. The brush pen is an indispensable element in Chinese calligraphy and painting. X rVF %  
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  参考翻译: 2R2ws.}  
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  毛笔(brush pen)是中国传统的书写工具和绘画工具。中国人使用毛笔写字作画的历史已有数千年之久,历史上有秦代蒙恬造笔的传说。笔头(nib)多用动物毛发制成,比如兔毛、羊毛、狼毛等等,笔杆(penholder)多用竹子。由于社会经济文化的需求,毛笔已经逐渐被其他书写工具取代,成为收藏和鉴赏的古玩。现在,用毛笔写字和作画仍然是许多儿童和中老年人的爱好,因为它可以平静心情、强身健体。毛笔是中国书法(calligraphy)和绘画中必不可少的元素。 /L8Q[`;.  
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