1955: Opening day1 0!v ->Dk
An aerial view of Disneyland in 1956. The entire route of the h gJ[LU| >
Disneyland Railroad is clearly visible as it encircles the OtFh,}E
park.Disneyland Park was opened to the public on Monday, 【July 18, +iOKb c'
1955】. However, a special "International Press Preview" event was {v3P9s(
held on Sunday, July 17, 1955, which was only open to invited guests 1
}~(Yj@f%
and the media. The Special Sunday events, including the dedication, F5S@I;
were televised nationwide and anchored by three of Walt Disney's FLEo*9u>b
friends from Hollywood: Art Linkletter, Bob Cummings, and Ronald J90v!p-
Reagan. ABC broadcast the event live on its network; at the time, it [9: 9Ql_h
was one of the largest and most complex live broadcasts ever.The event ws4cF
N9P?
did not go smoothly. The park was overcrowded as the by-invitation- ;;&}5jcV
only affair was plagued with counterfeit tickets. All major roads (p%>j0<
nearby were empty. The temperature was an unusually high 101 °F (38 g}]t[}s1]
°C), and a plumbers' strike left many of the park's 【drinking 37}D9:#5C
fountains dry】. Disney was given a choice of having working fountains vTn}*d.K=
or running toilets and he chose the latter. This, however, generated o.I6ulY8
negative publicity since Pepsi sponsored the park's opening; enraged 7`u$
guests believed the inoperable fountains were a cynical way to sell $M Jm *6h
soda. The asphalt that had been poured just that morning was so soft v$^Z6>v VI
that ladies' high-heeled shoes sank in. Vendors ran out of food. A gas $
MC)}l
leak in Fantasyland caused Adventureland,Frontierland, and Fantasyland i~r l o ^
to close for the afternoon. Parents were throwing their children over g:EVhuK
the shoulders of crowds to get them onto rides such as the King Arthur -IV]U*4
Carrousel qg rg CJ
The park got such bad press for the event day that Walt Disney invited iQ"XLrpl
members of the press back for a private "second day" to experience the ^aW
Z!gi
true Disneyland, after which Walt held a party in the Disneyland Hotel {AQ=<RDRF
for them. Walt and his 1955 executives forever referred to the day as U,LTVYrO
【"Black Sunday"】. Every year on July 17, cast members wear pin "Iix
)Ue
badges stating how many years it has been since July 17, 1955. For rXHv`k y
example, in 2004 they wore the slogan "The magic began 49 years ago Od|$Y+@6
today."But for the first twelve to fifteen years, Disney did +zs4a96[
officially state that opening day was on July 18, including in the :<|<|qJWo
park's own publications. Disneyland referred to July 17, 1955, as N\bocMc,X
"Dedication Day" in one of its July, 1967, press releases. On Monday [
Fz`D/
July 18, crowds started to gather in line as early as 2 a.m., and the L31|\x]
first person to buy a ticket and enter the park was David MacPherson \Acqr@D
with 【admission ticket】 number 2, as Roy O. Disney arranged to pre-
O]m+u
purchase ticket number 1. Walt Disney had an official photo taken with qcT'nZ:
two children instead, Christine Vess Watkins (age 5 in 1955) and +}a ]GTBgA
Michael Schwartner (age 7 in 1955), and the photo of the two carries a C oA6
deceptive caption along the lines of "Walt Disney with the first two. z0do;_x]E
guests of Disneyland." Vess Watkins and Schwartner both received uyY|v$FM
【lifetime passes】 to Disneyland that day, and MacPherson was awarded |p -t%xDdr
one shortly thereafter, which was later expanded to every single w[ ~ #av9
Disney-owned park in the world. &e8s65`
W5 y. j: t6 G2 j7 \0 A+ Q! c2 h wT{nu[=GH*
A Harvard Extension School class at Boylston Hall. Through the 1950s, 1w&!H ]%{
most Extension courses cost $5 each (slightly more than two bushels of k%G1i-] 4
wheat). Now any Harvard staff member can take a graduate-level course .e3+s*
for $40 a semester, making it possible to earn a master’s degree for Kx%Sku<F'
$400. It was 1835, and John Lowell Jr., the wealthy young scion of a L~KM=[cn
prominent Boston family, sat by the Nile River in Luxor, a cradle of fX|Y;S-@+
Egyptian civilization. Sick with fever, he drafted a long revision to G}G #i`6o
his will and mailed it home to a cousin. Months later, Lowell was , #kIr
dead.That revamped will included a bequest that has rippled ever wider ,zT y?OQ
across almost two centuries. Most notably, it led to creation of the }3L@J8:D"
Harvard Extension School, which is celebrating its centennial year, 3F <VH
with the official anniversary in February.8 ]+ Lowell’s idea was \(vY%DL1:
simple, but brilliant. Everyday people wanted to learn, he thought, Zp# v Hs
and just needed a forum that allowed them to do so. In the 19th 9,"L^W8"k
century, that method mostly involved public lectures. In the 20th *C:|X b<9
century, it was usually classroom study, and in the 21st, the trend is W}]%X4<#rN
toward 【distance learning on the Web】. But what has been true of the w4d--[Q
Extension School from its earliest incarnation is its devotion to W!&vul5
public learning, and its students’ fierce desire to be b 'pOJS
taught.Evolving far beyond its origins as a lecture series, the qhz]Wm P
Extension School is now a degree-granting institution with 14,000 v7`HQvQEz=
students that this year is offering close to 【700】undergraduate and
]]wA[c~G
graduate courses across 65 fields, taught by faculty from nine of 5>\/[I/!
Harvard’s 10 Schools. The modern Extension School has embraced video c*@E_}C#
learning and podcasts. One hundred and fifty courses are available 8zR~d%pK
online, expanding the School’s reach to students in 122 countries. ~Wa6J4B{K
About 20 percent of its students take courses exclusively online.！ k 4zo5}L `Y
！ t+ V9Increasingly, said Michael Shinagel, the Extension School’s r|qp3x
longtime dean, “the lectern is electronic.” Yet it was the forward- Os1>kwC
thinking Lowell, born in 1799 near the dawn of the American republic, Z7?~S2{c
who launched this thriving Harvard institution. Half of his wealth — C-H@8p?T
the princely sum, in those days, of $250,000 — in 1839 established ?C A,
the Lowell Institute, the Extension’s precursor. His bequest is a = {xE!
"
trust, active to this day, charged with offering public lectures in fL=~NC"
Boston on the arts, sciences, and natural history, to students la+[bm< v
regardless of gender, race, or age. The first Lowell lecture, on M!XsJ<jN/
geology, was held in 1840, in an era of rising working-class clamor t8+X %-r
for education. The public’s response was tumultuous, with tickets e F3,2DD C
being distributed amidst near-mob scenes. The institute’s collegiate C
.~+*"Vw
“courses” — which were lecture series on a single topic — E`uY1B[c
sometimes drew 10,000 applicants.By 1898, more than 4,400 free 4Q6mo/=H
lectures and courses had been offered through the Lowell Institute. L>R P-x>
Around that time, Boston schoolteachers were looking for ways to earn Q{5kxw1ZF
a bachelor’s degree at night. The Lowell lectures and the lobbying ,~]tg77
teachers created a perfect storm of sorts, and by 【1910】 University De(H w&
IV
Extension at Harvard was founded.Another visionary with the Lowell `,(,t n_
surname created the modern school. Harvard-educated government scholar cZ2kYn 8
A. Lawrence Lowell became trustee of the institute in 1900, and by b KN@j'M
1906 was promoting “systematic courses on subjects of liberal [.uG5%fa
education,” as he called them, taught by Harvard faculty.His vision io{@^1ab
of transforming a lecture program into a school of public education 6U R2IxbE
gained traction in 1909 when he was named president of Harvard. His
+w{*Xk) 4
first step in office was not the curricular reform for which he later l)&X$3? tz
became famous. (Among other things, Lowell invented the idea of .G#8a1#
“concentrations.”) Instead, he 【pressed to create a University I
,z3xU
Extension】.His desire, according to Shinagel, who has written a new j+uLV{~g6
history of the School called “The Gates Unbarred,” was “to carry 'g
m0
) r
out more completely the idea of John Lowell Jr.” ^Uf]Q$uCjE
John Grisham was born on February 2, 1955, in Jonesboro, Arkansas, in B=^)Ub5'
the USA. His father was a construction worker and moved his family all P>NF.B Cq
around the southern states of America, stopping wherever he could find uJC~ LC
N
work. Eventually they settled in Mississippi. Graduating from law w.YiO5|y
school in 1981, Grisham practiced law for nearly a decade in =06gj)8
Southaven, specializing in criminal defense and personal injury U<_3^
litigation (诉讼). In 1983, he was elected to the state House of :?g:~+hfO
Representatives and served until 1990.7 i+ V% One day at the Dessoto V4'YWdTi
County courthouse, Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12- P;qN(2L/=<
year-old rape victim. He decided to write a novel exploring what would lE&&_INHQ
have happened if the girl’s father had murdered her attackers. He W"}M1
o
proceeded to get up every morning at 5 a.m. to work on the novel, 5#+^E{
called A Time to Kill, which was published in 1988. Grisham’s next XH }\15X
novel, The Firm, was one of the biggest hits of 1991, spending 47 8TLgNQP
weeks on The New York Times bestseller list. Grisham lives with his CzRc%%BA
wife and two children, dividing their time between their Victorian ~,oMz<iMV
home on a 67 acre farm in Mississippi and a 204 acre plantation near ;7 E7!t^
Charlottesville, Virginia.When he’s not writing, Grisham devotes time uao0_swW5
to charitable causes, including mission trips with his church group. ebUBrxZX
As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player, and N D(/uyI
now serves as the local Little League commissioner. He has built six UBaAx21x
ballfields on his property and hosts children from 26Little League <b`E_
teams. 2\jPv`Ia
47. What inspired Grisham to write his first novel? 5qZ1FE
A. A case of murder. Rv$[)`&T
B. A case of rape qB0E
_y)a
C. His father’s experience J; { N72
D. His life on the farm -EkWs/'h
49. Which of the following is NOT true of the novel The Firm ? CF&6J$ZBgJ
.It was popular at the time of publication \n8] M\<
It earned Grisham great fame. beRVD> T
C. It brought Grisham wealth ZniB]k1
D. It was carried by The New York Times as a series.3 y3 i6 L' Z& x. K;>9ZZ tl
S! H) W 5I
y;oZ
50. It can be inferred from the passage that Grisham has built 4cabP}gBk
ballfields on his property ________. {mZC$U'
答案应该为 C. to see his childhood dream being realized in the 6K-_pg]
children % NA9{<I
My surprise over the past few winters has been the personality Y^8C) p9r
transformation my parents go through around mid-December as they b\vKJ2
change from Dad and Mom into Grandpa and Grandma. Yes, they become 5 44X1Ww2
grandparents and are completely different from the people I know the 5iz{op<$,
other eleven and a half months of the yearThe first sign of my parents \W1,F6&j
’ change is the delight they take in visiting toy and children’s uxtWybv
clothing stores. These two people, who usually dislike anything having _=Z, E.EN
to do with shopping malls, become crazy consumers. While they tell me Hfw q/Is
to budget my money and shop wisely, they are buying up every doll and h]+C.Eqnt#
dump truck in sight. And this is only the beginning of the holidays -(bXSBs#
When my brother’s children arrive, Grandpa and Grandma come into full M)' HCnvs'
form. First they throw out all ideas about a balanced diet for the iOR_[ y,
grandkids. While we were raised in a house where everyone had to take qq) rd
two bites of corn, beets(甜菜), or liver (foods that appeared quite Xu< k3oD7
often on our table despite constant complaining), the grandchildren S M0~fAtE
never have to eat anything that does not appeal to them. Grandma C${Vg{g7a
carries chocolate in her pockets to bribe(贿赂)the littlest ones into "= 6_V?&w
following her around the house, while Grandpa offers “surprises” of E*.{=W }C
candy and cake to them all day long. Boxes of chocolate-pie disappear #MX'^RZ>2
while the whole-wheat bread get hard and stale. The kids love all the BSYzC9h`
sweets, and when the sugar raises their energy levels, Grandma and Cdas P9"1
Grandpa can always decide to leave and do a bit more shopping or go to & -{DfNK c
bed while my brother and sister-in-law try to deal with their highly 9o;^[Ql -
active kids. G;v8$) Zj
Once the grandchildren have arrived, Grandma and Grandpa also seem to |X0Y-
forget all of the responsibility lectures I so often hear in my daily W3IpHV
life. If Mickey screams at his sister during dinner, he is o7J
“developing his own personality”; if Nancy breaks Grandma’s mirror, /2UH=Q!x4E
she is “just a curious child”. But, if I track mud into the house CN#+U, NZV
while helping to unload groceries, I become “careless”; if I scold oFy=-p+C
one of the grandkids for tearing pages out of my textbook, I am LQtj~c>X-|
“impatient”. If Paula talks back to her mother, Grandma and Grandpa :"=ez<t
smile at her spirit. If I say one word about all of this excessive mz @T
love, Mom and Dad reappear to have a talk with me about petty N}pw74=1
jealousies. bu:S:`
6.As regards his parents’ shopping for the grandchildren, the author (@%gS[ ]
______ . G B>QK
A. feels jealous B. feels amazed Qr^|:U!;[z
C.thinks it unnecessary D. thinks it annoying Y%PwktQm
7. What happens after the kids have had all the sweets? :uWw8`
A. They get highly energetic. B. They quiet down.' Sz^
veh?
C. They want more sweets. D. They go to bed. >#hO).`C
Which of the following is NOT true of the visiting children? @2Z#x
A. They behave very well. DE%KW:Hug
B. They like chocolate very much. K[ (NTp $E
C. They receive toys from their grandparents. )z&/_E
=
The huge growth of global "ecotourism" industry is becoming an )3~{L;q
increasing concern for conservationists with mounting evidence that 1#.>a$>
many wild species do not respond well to contact with human beings. |&FkksNAl\
overexposure to tourists has been linked to stress, abnormal behavior c lNkph
and adverse health effects in species such as polar bears, dolphins *^f<W6xc
and gorillas（大猩猩）, says a report in New Scientist./ D! K9 _: K5 D 'yL%3h
_@
~% X t ^6dzrF
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by D@
Vt^_
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, P8>~c9$I
many projects are poorly designed and unregulated, its says. “Many A<1hOSCz\
ecotourist projects are unaudited, unauthorized and merely hint they >N]7IU[ -
are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations” i (iXD
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by pL{U `5S
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, “ ]` km jn
many projects are poorly designed and hint they are based on 8>0e*jC
environmentally friendly policies and operations.” :P<]+\m
Ecotourism is growing by 10 to 30 percent a year and an estimated 20 c Uvz2TK
percent of tourists are thought to visit a conservation-based project. hnDBFQ{
Philip Seddon, of the University of Otago in New Zealand, said that #wV8 X`g
although most tourist projects conformed to basic guidelines on land @}@Z8$G^
use and not scaring wildlife, their full impact was rarely considered. ~g5[$r-u-u
In Africa, gorillas have picked up parasites introduced to their 8P 1=[i]
habitat by tourists and mongooses（蠓）have caught lung diseases from CE/Xfh'44
human beings. Experts said that the answer to the problems was better jV4\A
regulation and supervision of ecotourism. The Galapagos Islands, where yt.F
\ [1
visitor numbers are strictly controlled, is a good model Ib+Y~
XYR
41. Ecotourism is meant to ______. b)=[1g/=L
A. have tourists help in the conservation of wildlife" Zo g']=
B.have wild species respond well to contact with human [uI|DUlI6o
C. make wild species reduce stress and abnormal behavior m+ lvl
D. make conservationists more concerned with wildlife )XYv}U
42. According to New Scientist, many ecotourist Projects ______. U c@Ao
:
A. really encourage people to protect wi1dlife and its habit Jo@|"cE=
B. strictly follow environmentally friendly polices HbXPok
C. actually lack proper examination and official approval Ry%Mej:
D. seriously damage the habitats of endangered species ,u`B<heoLU
43. What will happen to wildlife ultimately if the present C/TF-g-_Y
"ecotourism" practice goes on? TWQG 591
It will disturb their life. [Pq}p0cD
It will affect their health. a2
Y;xe
C. It will increase their stress. ;#oie<
Vit
D. It will threaten their survivalf iZaI_\"__
45. According to the passage, a solution to the "ecotourism" problem :=wT vz
is to ______. r=X}%~_8X
A. encourage people to manage endangered species rL+!
tH
B. reduce the exposure of wildlife to human beings^ >rJnayLF
C. help wild animals increase their fitness }Rz3<eON
D. prevent wildlife from catching human disease 9hOJvQ2U]
答案 BDC BAA ACDB（仅供参考） /+\uq F8F
