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主题 : 2016考博英语语法之虚拟语气
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楼主  发表于: 2016-01-03   

2016考博英语语法之虚拟语气

虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语从句的特殊形式表示出来的。freekaobo将对2016考博英语语法虚拟语气做归纳和用法。 w+*rbJ  
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  一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 Kg>B$fBx)  
  (1)由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气 2}/r>]9^-  
  A.用wish表示对现在的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:过去式(be动词用were)。 4~$U#$u_  
  B.用wish表示对将来的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:would, could, might+ 动词原形。 U; <{P  
  C.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时,宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为:had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。 85[ 7lO)[  
  The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. 2 YWO'PL  
  ---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” uuD2O )v  
  ---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” W? E,"z  
  I wish that he weren’t so lazy. ;R2A>f~  
  (2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形,表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 G:lhrT{  
  His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later. Nb_Glf  
  (3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况,用过去完成时表示过去的情况,表示希望或婉转的责备。例如: w~crj$UM  
  I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。 Nv;'Ys P  
  I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。 GIpYx`mHi  
  I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。 Oe@w$?  
  (4)It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式,即动词要用过去式。 +,ar`:x&a  
  It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown. <[}zw !z  
  It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。 G"u4]!$/  
  (5)as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形,引导让步虚拟从句,这种用法通常采用倒装结构: tS3&&t  
  Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. D aHbOs_<  
  The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. *9=}f;~  
  (6)由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟形式,即should(might, would)+动词原形,例如: <'sm($.2  
  She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。 l,b,U/3R.  
  The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself. rOEBL|P0  
  (7) if it were not for…与现在事实相反, if it had not been for与过去事实相反,两个都相当于but for: sIaehe'B  
  If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded. }u0&>k|y  
  (8) 虚拟语气用于as if(though)引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中,其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。例如:She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常发出发自内心的微笑,而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样,常常流露出来。 _]Ob)RUVH  
  They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们交谈着,就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。 =+DhLH}8  
  She looks as if she would cry.她看起来好像要哭了。 55<!H-zt  
  (9)其它各种句型, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only等等 Q7v1xBM  
  If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry. zlQBBm;fE  
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  二、特殊形式的虚拟语气 A(`Mwh+  
  虚拟语气的特殊形式,即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式,其虚拟语气的构成往往是由should(可省略)+动词原形that从句。 p}gA8 o  
  A、 用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中,这类动词有: "ixea- 2  
  ask要求 advise建议 arrange安排 beg请求 B]gyj  
  command命令 decide决定 demand要求 desire渴望 a"g\f{v0AR  
  determine决定 insist坚持 intend打算 maintain坚持主张 R!X+-  
  move建议,动员 propose提议 object反对 order命令 ,`a8@  
  prefer建议 require 需要 request要求 resolve下决心 W}zq9|p  
  recommend推荐 suggest建议 stipulate约定,规定 urge强调,促进 kqo4 v; r  
  vote公认,提议 decree颁布(法令) pray请求 W[Z[o+7pK  
  注意:这类动词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外,也可以接doing或者to do…来表达,一般情况下,意思没有什么差别。 j%Uoi gi  
  She advised that we should keep the gate locked.(书面体) a[}?!G-Wt|  
  She advised us to keep the gate locked.(口语)  eBmHb\  
  She advised keeping the gate locked.(较随便) T4ugG?B*  
  B、用于It is+形容词或过去分词+主语从句中,这类形容词或分词有: {o*$|4q4  
  advisable合理的 decided决定的 crucial关键的 appropriate恰当的 Uy)pEEu  
  determined决定的 commanded命令的 arranged安排的 essential紧要的,基本的 QpoC-4F  
  complied遵照 anxious焦急的 imperative迫切的 important重要的 i$6a0'@U  
  desirable合意的 better较好的,更好 insistent坚持的 desired想要 w&VDe(:~  
  asked请求 keen渴望的 incredible难以置信的 adamant坚定不移的 (./Iq#@S  
  natural自然的 insisted坚持 necessary必要的 suggested建议 .i|nn[H &  
  urgent紧迫的 ordered命令 shocked震惊的 vital极其重要的 D ZH2U+K  
  possible可能的 strange 奇怪的 preferable (好一点) proposed提议 Q:y'G9b  
  requested要求的 required要求的 recommended推荐 resolved决定的 H%Lln#  
  probable(可能的) pity可惜,憾事 shame遗憾 9 p^gF2?k  
  注意:这类形容词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外,也可以for…to do… ^4<&"aoo  
  来表达,一般情况下,意思没有什么差别。 Q~' \oWz  
  It is essential that he should be prepared for this. Vr %ef:uVV  
  It is essential for him to be prepared for this. cb{"1z  
  C.用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中,这类名词常见的有: MTNC{:Q  
  advice忠告 decision决定 demand要求 desire要求、愿望 d(b~s2\i  
  insistence坚持 motion提议 necessity必要性 order命令 U. $Th_  
  preference偏爱 proposal提议 pray恳求 recommendation推荐 2hryY  
  request要求 requirement要求 resolution决心 suggestion劝告、忠告 vO/3bu}  
  例如: A McZm0c`  
  This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part of their school life.这是他们的决议:要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分。 HRu;*3+%>F  
  The motion that the remark of the last speaker be expunged from the record.该提议要求把最后一个发言的人的讲话从记录上除掉。 X2:23j<  
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