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主题 : 2016考博英语语法之虚拟语气
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楼主  发表于: 2016-01-03   

2016考博英语语法之虚拟语气

虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语从句的特殊形式表示出来的。freekaobo将对2016考博英语语法虚拟语气做归纳和用法。 ?[NC }LC  
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  一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 HN{c)DIm]  
  (1)由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气 0^-1d2Z~  
  A.用wish表示对现在的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:过去式(be动词用were)。 w#9Kt W,tt  
  B.用wish表示对将来的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:would, could, might+ 动词原形。 /^BC Qaj  
  C.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时,宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为:had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。 E s5: S#  
  The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. Vi8A4  
  ---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” d7X&3L%Oq  
  ---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” x.?5-3|d$  
  I wish that he weren’t so lazy. Iv6 q(c  
  (2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形,表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 KT(Z #$  
  His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later. (8JU!lin  
  (3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况,用过去完成时表示过去的情况,表示希望或婉转的责备。例如: ;hX(/T  
  I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。 d!y*z  
  I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。 d,"LZ>hNY*  
  I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。 FM@iIlY"  
  (4)It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式,即动词要用过去式。 @^W`Yg)C  
  It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown. DmiBM6t3N  
  It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。 %fqR  
  (5)as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形,引导让步虚拟从句,这种用法通常采用倒装结构: 9oWU]A\k>  
  Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. 5AYOM=O]t  
  The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. i--t ?@#  
  (6)由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟形式,即should(might, would)+动词原形,例如: >gk_kl Lh  
  She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。 #< im?  
  The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself. *v>ZE6CL  
  (7) if it were not for…与现在事实相反, if it had not been for与过去事实相反,两个都相当于but for: m~ tvuz I  
  If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded. >ZgzE  
  (8) 虚拟语气用于as if(though)引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中,其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。例如:She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常发出发自内心的微笑,而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样,常常流露出来。 {4Of.  
  They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们交谈着,就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。 La26"C"X  
  She looks as if she would cry.她看起来好像要哭了。 4q$~3C[  
  (9)其它各种句型, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only等等 Zp_(vOc  
  If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry. Y?VbgOM)  
5,RUPaE  
  二、特殊形式的虚拟语气 kIrrbD  
  虚拟语气的特殊形式,即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式,其虚拟语气的构成往往是由should(可省略)+动词原形that从句。 $`=p]  
  A、 用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中,这类动词有: ]rmBM  
  ask要求 advise建议 arrange安排 beg请求 ^[L(kHOGzk  
  command命令 decide决定 demand要求 desire渴望 h6 \P&Z  
  determine决定 insist坚持 intend打算 maintain坚持主张 z3fv}_\z  
  move建议,动员 propose提议 object反对 order命令 qfkHGW?1/j  
  prefer建议 require 需要 request要求 resolve下决心 4JSPD#%f  
  recommend推荐 suggest建议 stipulate约定,规定 urge强调,促进 ^ k^y|\UtZ  
  vote公认,提议 decree颁布(法令) pray请求 [\u R3$j#  
  注意:这类动词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外,也可以接doing或者to do…来表达,一般情况下,意思没有什么差别。 H#- 3  
  She advised that we should keep the gate locked.(书面体) \>L,X_DL  
  She advised us to keep the gate locked.(口语) d1/emwH  
  She advised keeping the gate locked.(较随便) #c!:&9oU  
  B、用于It is+形容词或过去分词+主语从句中,这类形容词或分词有: aD/Rr3v>  
  advisable合理的 decided决定的 crucial关键的 appropriate恰当的 OfsP5*d  
  determined决定的 commanded命令的 arranged安排的 essential紧要的,基本的 0oe<= L]F  
  complied遵照 anxious焦急的 imperative迫切的 important重要的 ><%585  
  desirable合意的 better较好的,更好 insistent坚持的 desired想要 dWY%bb  
  asked请求 keen渴望的 incredible难以置信的 adamant坚定不移的 E3L?6Qfx>  
  natural自然的 insisted坚持 necessary必要的 suggested建议 BT{;^Hp  
  urgent紧迫的 ordered命令 shocked震惊的 vital极其重要的 \}-4(Xdaq  
  possible可能的 strange 奇怪的 preferable (好一点) proposed提议 \?bV\/GBR  
  requested要求的 required要求的 recommended推荐 resolved决定的 `s}*  
  probable(可能的) pity可惜,憾事 shame遗憾 r4.6W[| d  
  注意:这类形容词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外,也可以for…to do… -luQbGcT3  
  来表达,一般情况下,意思没有什么差别。 PN}+LOD<t  
  It is essential that he should be prepared for this. B6XO&I1c  
  It is essential for him to be prepared for this. xh6(~'$  
  C.用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中,这类名词常见的有: :\T Mm>%q  
  advice忠告 decision决定 demand要求 desire要求、愿望 LS@TTiN   
  insistence坚持 motion提议 necessity必要性 order命令 D) *   
  preference偏爱 proposal提议 pray恳求 recommendation推荐 /i+z#q5'  
  request要求 requirement要求 resolution决心 suggestion劝告、忠告 $CcjuPsK  
  例如: Q G) s  
  This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part of their school life.这是他们的决议:要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分。 `RTxc  
  The motion that the remark of the last speaker be expunged from the record.该提议要求把最后一个发言的人的讲话从记录上除掉。 6#w>6g4V~R  
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