考博英语阅读很大的难点在于生词无法知其意,这对解题时造成很大的障碍,freekaobo整理了考博英语阅读:根据五种构词法猜测词义的方法,希望对考博生们有所帮助。 tm34Z''.>
英语构词法主要有以下五种: LUx'Dm"
派生法 Derivation zxv y&
转化法 Conversion pOy(XUV9O
合成法 Compounding RionKiN
拼缀法 Blending UT_
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首字母缩略法 Acronymizing qyE*?73W
1. 派生法 Derivation M+=q"#&
派生法: 由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新词。 T/L
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例如: uncontroversial, oversimplification, disqualify, reclaim, irrelevant kYS\TMt,C
前缀: dis- , in- , im- , il- , ir- , re- , un- , non-, over-, etc. ^*NOG\BK@
后缀: -able , -al , -an , -ful , -ive , -er , -ese , -ist , -ment , -ness , -tion , -fy , -ian , -ing , is(z)e , -ly , -teen , -ty , -th , -y , etc. ,({%t
由前缀e- , cyber- , hyper-等构成的网络新词汇也层出不穷。如: ~8Ef`zL
E-currency电子货币 E&vCzQ
E-paper 电子报 up3mum
cyberculture 网络文化 )A;jBfr
hyperterminal 超级终端的 v<} $d.&*
2. 转化法 Conversion )6he;+
转化法:由某一词性转化成另一词性,其意义也会发生一定的变化。 ||Wg'$3
例如: 8/9YR(H3H
Democratic delegates restored to their party platform Wednesday the position that Jerusalem is the capital of Israel, reversing a controversial omission that had angered some Jewish organizations and drew criticism from Republicans that President Obama was distancing the United States from its closest ally in the Middle East. RoD9
例文中的 “distance”用作动词,意为 “疏远,与……保持距离”。 \ ]h$8JwV
3. 合成法 Compounding BGT`) WP
合成法:由两个或两个以上的单词组成一个新的单词。例如: 6:TA8w
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blackboard, man-made, overthrow, spacecraft, output, time-out, borderline, underwrite, stock-market, debt-reduction , grassroots, get-tough-on-the-press strategy(对媒体采取强硬策略), get-rich-quick business model(快钱商业模式), government shutdown (政府停摆) >F!X'#Iv
如今,英语中出现了web, net和virtual 构成的大量网络复合词。如: $)O\i^T
webTV 网络电视, netfiles 网络文件,virtualbox,etc. m`3gNox
4. 拼綴法 Blending IC. R4-
拼缀法:由两个词剪裁复合而成,既可使文字活泼,又可节省用词,在新闻英语里十分常见。 +m6acu)N.
例如: B{_-k
robodocs = robot + doctor 机器医生(指远程用电脑行医) H`U>ZJ.
holidazed = holiday + dazed 节日忙得头脑发昏 E+aE5wmr
autocide = automobile + suicide 撞车自杀 y=WCR*N
chunnel = channel+ tunnel 水底隧道 NEMC
smog = smoke+ fog 雾霾 ]FO)U
medicaid = medical+ aid 医疗救助 771r(X?Fa
workfare = work+ welfare 劳动福利 `>
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netizen = net+citizen 网民 (<5&<JC{
psywar = psychological + warfare 心理战 ^F$iD (f
telex = teleprinter + exchanger 电传 ~D Ta%J
stagflation = stagnation + inflation 经济滞涨 T`^LWc
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5. 首字母缩略法 Acronymizing ,Z]4`9c
ISBN: International Standard Book Number 国际标准图书编号 [;i3o?\_I
VIP: very important person 贵宾,大人物 u*H
V
A&E: accident and emergency 急诊科 !p"Ijz5
ATM: automated teller machine 自动提款机 `wLa.Gzj
BBC: British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司 e;)&Hc:Z
CEO: chief executive officer 总裁, 首席执行官 ~bk+JK- >
GDP: gross domestic product 国内生产总值 |h1Y3
GNP: gross national product 国民生产总值 E?P:!V=_
GP: general practitioner 全科医生 P&]
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GRE: Graduate Record Examination 研究生入学资格考试 5oIgxy
GPA: grade point average 各科成绩的平均积点分 5U&?P
HKSAR: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 香港特别行政区 6P*2Kg`
ICU: intensive care unit 重症监护室 :>otlI<0t
WHO: World Health Organization 世界卫生组织 Nl `8Kcv