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An aerial view of Disneyland in 1956. The entire route of the U$ Od)
Disneyland Railroad is clearly visible as it encircles the r j/1AK
park.Disneyland Park was opened to the public on Monday, 【July 18, EqF>=5*
1955】. However, a special "International Press Preview" event was c!]Q 0ib6
held on Sunday, July 17, 1955, which was only open to invited guests Iwe
and the media. The Special Sunday events, including the dedication, VU;98
were televised nationwide and anchored by three of Walt Disney's W<T
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friends from Hollywood: Art Linkletter, Bob Cummings, and Ronald z yrjb 8
Reagan. ABC broadcast the event live on its network; at the time, it [7h/ 2La#
was one of the largest and most complex live broadcasts ever.The event Y d]
did not go smoothly. The park was overcrowded as the by-invitation- z
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only affair was plagued with counterfeit tickets. All major roads oQK, #>rv
nearby were empty. The temperature was an unusually high 101 °F (38 TF DzTD
°C), and a plumbers' strike left many of the park's 【drinking l._g [qa
fountains dry】. Disney was given a choice of having working fountains yi*EE%
or running toilets and he chose the latter. This, however, generated cK
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negative publicity since Pepsi sponsored the park's opening; enraged N9 T M
guests believed the inoperable fountains were a cynical way to sell wQ?Z y;/S
soda. The asphalt that had been poured just that morning was so soft ;jh.\ a_\
that ladies' high-heeled shoes sank in. Vendors ran out of food. A gas ;E0x#JUrw
leak in Fantasyland caused Adventureland,Frontierland, and Fantasyland X3HJ3F;==
to close for the afternoon. Parents were throwing their children over 8^!ib/@v"
the shoulders of crowds to get them onto rides such as the King Arthur T[ kS;-x
Carrousel 5? *Iaw
The park got such bad press for the event day that Walt Disney invited t(1gJZs>kX
members of the press back for a private "second day" to experience the c3( 0BSv
true Disneyland, after which Walt held a party in the Disneyland Hotel /$^SiE +N
for them. Walt and his 1955 executives forever referred to the day as F%$l cQ04%
【"Black Sunday"】. Every year on July 17, cast members wear pin 2]V8-
badges stating how many years it has been since July 17, 1955. For z`sW5K(A
example, in 2004 they wore the slogan "The magic began 49 years ago s){R/2O3F
today."But for the first twelve to fifteen years, Disney did T;v^BVn
officially state that opening day was on July 18, including in the
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park's own publications. Disneyland referred to July 17, 1955, as wlpcuz@
"Dedication Day" in one of its July, 1967, press releases. On Monday jvhD_L/
July 18, crowds started to gather in line as early as 2 a.m., and the x\pygzQ/
first person to buy a ticket and enter the park was David MacPherson f{U,kCv
with 【admission ticket】 number 2, as Roy O. Disney arranged to pre- j-v/;7s/B
purchase ticket number 1. Walt Disney had an official photo taken with 4%7Oaf>9
two children instead, Christine Vess Watkins (age 5 in 1955) and XsX];I{E,
Michael Schwartner (age 7 in 1955), and the photo of the two carries a S+l >@wa)|
deceptive caption along the lines of "Walt Disney with the first two. 4KY@y?H g
guests of Disneyland." Vess Watkins and Schwartner both received 64D4*G Q
【lifetime passes】 to Disneyland that day, and MacPherson was awarded o3HS |
one shortly thereafter, which was later expanded to every single +1Pu29B0
Disney-owned park in the world. pIY3ft\
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A Harvard Extension School class at Boylston Hall. Through the 1950s, AjINO}b
most Extension courses cost $5 each (slightly more than two bushels of zKGr(9I
wheat). Now any Harvard staff member can take a graduate-level course PMe 3Or@
for $40 a semester, making it possible to earn a master’s degree for ^9XAWj"
$400. It was 1835, and John Lowell Jr., the wealthy young scion of a :-~x~ah-
prominent Boston family, sat by the Nile River in Luxor, a cradle of Oyp)Wm;@
Egyptian civilization. Sick with fever, he drafted a long revision to ~e=KBYDBu
his will and mailed it home to a cousin. Months later, Lowell was 8xHjd Qr
dead.That revamped will included a bequest that has rippled ever wider =6B I[_0
across almost two centuries. Most notably, it led to creation of the P7!gUxcv9Y
Harvard Extension School, which is celebrating its centennial year, X:W}S/
with the official anniversary in February.8 ]+ Lowell’s idea was 'h 7n}
simple, but brilliant. Everyday people wanted to learn, he thought, m^4O jik
and just needed a forum that allowed them to do so. In the 19th w^/"j_p@
century, that method mostly involved public lectures. In the 20th |2&|#K4k^
century, it was usually classroom study, and in the 21st, the trend is &sGLm~m#
toward 【distance learning on the Web】. But what has been true of the h|ja67VG
Extension School from its earliest incarnation is its devotion to )==Qo/N :
public learning, and its students’ fierce desire to be ;
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taught.Evolving far beyond its origins as a lecture series, the qb5IpI{U
Extension School is now a degree-granting institution with 14,000 4<U6 jB5
students that this year is offering close to 【700】undergraduate and F-Ywl )
graduate courses across 65 fields, taught by faculty from nine of g'V,K\TG
Harvard’s 10 Schools. The modern Extension School has embraced video LdyE*u_
learning and podcasts. One hundred and fifty courses are available b M
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online, expanding the School’s reach to students in 122 countries. AI2 >{V
About 20 percent of its students take courses exclusively online.！ k 7s1LK/R|u
！ t+ V9Increasingly, said Michael Shinagel, the Extension School’s * JVJKqed
longtime dean, “the lectern is electronic.” Yet it was the forward- dNz!2mbO
thinking Lowell, born in 1799 near the dawn of the American republic, J+ *n}He,
who launched this thriving Harvard institution. Half of his wealth —
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the princely sum, in those days, of $250,000 — in 1839 established { 4b8s%:!4
the Lowell Institute, the Extension’s precursor. His bequest is a 9|//_4]
trust, active to this day, charged with offering public lectures in [R H ji47
Boston on the arts, sciences, and natural history, to students ~
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regardless of gender, race, or age. The first Lowell lecture, on ^os|yRzV*M
geology, was held in 1840, in an era of rising working-class clamor |HK/*B
for education. The public’s response was tumultuous, with tickets Y--Uo|H
being distributed amidst near-mob scenes. The institute’s collegiate
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“courses” — which were lecture series on a single topic — T8a!"lPP7
sometimes drew 10,000 applicants.By 1898, more than 4,400 free 0G/_"} @
lectures and courses had been offered through the Lowell Institute. )rv<"
Around that time, Boston schoolteachers were looking for ways to earn 44cy_
a bachelor’s degree at night. The Lowell lectures and the lobbying @0q* 50
teachers created a perfect storm of sorts, and by 【1910】 University aD8r:S\
Extension at Harvard was founded.Another visionary with the Lowell `oo(\O7t=
surname created the modern school. Harvard-educated government scholar MM4Eq>F/
A. Lawrence Lowell became trustee of the institute in 1900, and by KmRxbf
1906 was promoting “systematic courses on subjects of liberal QsH Fk5)
education,” as he called them, taught by Harvard faculty.His vision qlu a op
of transforming a lecture program into a school of public education -pm^k-%v
gained traction in 1909 when he was named president of Harvard. His 9`sIE _%+
first step in office was not the curricular reform for which he later "+J[7p}`@
became famous. (Among other things, Lowell invented the idea of :0B'
b
“concentrations.”) Instead, he 【pressed to create a University G=%SMl>[
Extension】.His desire, according to Shinagel, who has written a new -dsE9)&8DX
history of the School called “The Gates Unbarred,” was “to carry En/EQ\T@F
out more completely the idea of John Lowell Jr.” 6,;7iA]
John Grisham was born on February 2, 1955, in Jonesboro, Arkansas, in H:
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the USA. His father was a construction worker and moved his family all SV96eYT<
around the southern states of America, stopping wherever he could find |#=4]]>m
work. Eventually they settled in Mississippi. Graduating from law } ~`l!ApD
school in 1981, Grisham practiced law for nearly a decade in p/!P kKJ
Southaven, specializing in criminal defense and personal injury |*W E@L5
litigation (诉讼). In 1983, he was elected to the state House of Kwa$5q ZI
Representatives and served until 1990.7 i+ V% One day at the Dessoto
s0x;<si_
County courthouse, Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12- /DBldL7yi
year-old rape victim. He decided to write a novel exploring what would s>^$: wzu
have happened if the girl’s father had murdered her attackers. He ,a /<t"
proceeded to get up every morning at 5 a.m. to work on the novel, S
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called A Time to Kill, which was published in 1988. Grisham’s next +Qe&# "O0
novel, The Firm, was one of the biggest hits of 1991, spending 47 THbV],RhJ
weeks on The New York Times bestseller list. Grisham lives with his i5 F9*
wife and two children, dividing their time between their Victorian z(&~O;;N#
home on a 67 acre farm in Mississippi and a 204 acre plantation near E|fQbkfw
Charlottesville, Virginia.When he’s not writing, Grisham devotes time o|BEY3|
to charitable causes, including mission trips with his church group. ) 2
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As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player, and 1v ^eXvY
now serves as the local Little League commissioner. He has built six 7xmif YC
ballfields on his property and hosts children from 26Little League ;,yjkD[mWE
teams. ]TmxCTV L
47. What inspired Grisham to write his first novel? RIO4` ,
A. A case of murder. H_C X5=Nq^
B. A case of rape (NBq!;_2,x
C. His father’s experience .s !qf!{V`
D. His life on the farm Tn7(A^h'
49. Which of the following is NOT true of the novel The Firm ? =,-&h
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.It was popular at the time of publication V=v7<I=
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It earned Grisham great fame. (yx9ox@ rL
C. It brought Grisham wealth "m e
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D. It was carried by The New York Times as a series.3 y3 i6 L' Z& x. VTt{ 0 ~
S! H) W #AJo75E%
50. It can be inferred from the passage that Grisham has built *=X$j~#X
ballfields on his property ________. Do&/+Ssnu
答案应该为 C. to see his childhood dream being realized in the I;<aJo6Yl
children J~jR`2+ r
My surprise over the past few winters has been the personality NJ;D Qv
transformation my parents go through around mid-December as they kCu
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change from Dad and Mom into Grandpa and Grandma. Yes, they become W _E0+
grandparents and are completely different from the people I know the a\Ond#1p
other eleven and a half months of the yearThe first sign of my parents n!B*n(;!u
’ change is the delight they take in visiting toy and children’s ! A \Qwg>
clothing stores. These two people, who usually dislike anything having @,Iy
n<v{B
to do with shopping malls, become crazy consumers. While they tell me A8 0r@)i
to budget my money and shop wisely, they are buying up every doll and GuV.7&!x
dump truck in sight. And this is only the beginning of the holidays O
7_u9lz2
When my brother’s children arrive, Grandpa and Grandma come into full v?U;o& L(
form. First they throw out all ideas about a balanced diet for the 'w8k*@cQ
grandkids. While we were raised in a house where everyone had to take C#r1zr6
two bites of corn, beets(甜菜), or liver (foods that appeared quite H 40~i =.
often on our table despite constant complaining), the grandchildren Vk/
!_)
never have to eat anything that does not appeal to them. Grandma vt`V<3
carries chocolate in her pockets to bribe(贿赂)the littlest ones into Wy[Ua#Dd
following her around the house, while Grandpa offers “surprises” of MrW#~S|ED
candy and cake to them all day long. Boxes of chocolate-pie disappear c?;YufH'j
while the whole-wheat bread get hard and stale. The kids love all the \Tc<27 -
sweets, and when the sugar raises their energy levels, Grandma and 8+>r!)Q+
Grandpa can always decide to leave and do a bit more shopping or go to I,*zZNv Ri
bed while my brother and sister-in-law try to deal with their highly KkIxtFM
active kids. ,-11w7y\
Once the grandchildren have arrived, Grandma and Grandpa also seem to #^+C
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forget all of the responsibility lectures I so often hear in my daily 4 pin\ZS:C
life. If Mickey screams at his sister during dinner, he is )<?^~"h
“developing his own personality”; if Nancy breaks Grandma’s mirror, [O"9OW'2!B
she is “just a curious child”. But, if I track mud into the house 4@b~)av)
while helping to unload groceries, I become “careless”; if I scold Z#O )0ou
one of the grandkids for tearing pages out of my textbook, I am M x/G^y O9
“impatient”. If Paula talks back to her mother, Grandma and Grandpa }=dUASL
smile at her spirit. If I say one word about all of this excessive Dsl,(qm5
love, Mom and Dad reappear to have a talk with me about petty "Cj {Z@n
jealousies. Q"6:W2#v
6.As regards his parents’ shopping for the grandchildren, the author ")'9:c
______ . =RA8^wI
A. feels jealous B. feels amazed kBh*@g f
C.thinks it unnecessary D. thinks it annoying E%[2NsOM]
7. What happens after the kids have had all the sweets? s?fO)7ly
A. They get highly energetic. B. They quiet down.' 0 tL#-47
C. They want more sweets. D. They go to bed. | ODi[~y
Which of the following is NOT true of the visiting children? p;y\%i_
A. They behave very well. ,P%a0\
B. They like chocolate very much. }f
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C. They receive toys from their grandparents. UJ/=RBfkJ
The huge growth of global "ecotourism" industry is becoming an sjZ@}Vk3b
increasing concern for conservationists with mounting evidence that Y<]A 5cm
many wild species do not respond well to contact with human beings. 8 h.Dc&V
overexposure to tourists has been linked to stress, abnormal behavior lYF~CNvE
and adverse health effects in species such as polar bears, dolphins 6m ~ N 2^z
and gorillas（大猩猩）, says a report in New Scientist./ D! K9 _: K5 D kH .W17D~
~% X 8wi2&j _
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by
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encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, SHAC(3o /e
many projects are poorly designed and unregulated, its says. “Many <>Nq ]WqA
ecotourist projects are unaudited, unauthorized and merely hint they @ VzD> ?)
are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations” p zQWr*5a
While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by ;VS\'#{e
encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, “ RBA{!
many projects are poorly designed and hint they are based on tO@n3"O
environmentally friendly policies and operations.” j><8V Qx
Ecotourism is growing by 10 to 30 percent a year and an estimated 20 @V7HxW7RX
percent of tourists are thought to visit a conservation-based project. ZLS\K/F>>=
Philip Seddon, of the University of Otago in New Zealand, said that A.v'ws+VDP
although most tourist projects conformed to basic guidelines on land aA NzL
use and not scaring wildlife, their full impact was rarely considered. (2l?~CaK
In Africa, gorillas have picked up parasites introduced to their Lj,!0 2 5
habitat by tourists and mongooses（蠓）have caught lung diseases from a3Fe42G2c|
human beings. Experts said that the answer to the problems was better VQV%1f
regulation and supervision of ecotourism. The Galapagos Islands, where sT <XZLu
visitor numbers are strictly controlled, is a good model R #\o *Ta
41. Ecotourism is meant to ______. %8]~+ #]p
A. have tourists help in the conservation of wildlife" FRR`<do5$,
B.have wild species respond well to contact with human 1 M<;}hJ{/
C. make wild species reduce stress and abnormal behavior |/M^q{h&7s
D. make conservationists more concerned with wildlife mR1|8H!f
42. According to New Scientist, many ecotourist Projects ______. }R\;htmc;
A. really encourage people to protect wi1dlife and its habit VmbfwHRWb
B. strictly follow environmentally friendly polices BM+>.
C. actually lack proper examination and official approval dJf#j?\[
D. seriously damage the habitats of endangered species 5_yu4{@;y
43. What will happen to wildlife ultimately if the present #FwTV@
"ecotourism" practice goes on? $psPNJG
It will disturb their life. O ,Sqh$6U
It will affect their health. &~MM\,KML
C. It will increase their stress. c_Fz?R+f?K
D. It will threaten their survivalf pLtAusx
45. According to the passage, a solution to the "ecotourism" problem 0V!@*Z
is to ______. EA
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A. encourage people to manage endangered species /8Xd2-
B. reduce the exposure of wildlife to human beings^ _2 Hehw
C. help wild animals increase their fitness <%ZlJ_cM
D. prevent wildlife from catching human disease \*i[m&3;q
答案 BDC BAA ACDB（仅供参考） Cz) /
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