2016考博英语阅读强化技巧之推理题

推理题是考博英语阅读题型之一。所谓推理题，通常是作者根据文章内容进行推理，得出正确结论。 wI]R+.  
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　　1.识别 E ^SM`  
　　当infer,learn,imply,conclude,suggest,indicate等出现在题干中时，可基本判定该题为推理题。 +?5Uy
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　　2.分类 71<PEawL  
　　根据推理题的不同情况，我们可以将之分为不同的种类： 5)>ZO)F&  
　　①细节性推理：题干中包含有具体定位信息，此时它的做法和细节题类似，有时比细节题更简单。 B-ri}PA  
　　②段落性推理：题干中包含有具体段落号(从四个选项中寻找定位信息或原文常考出题点)。 k"^t?\Q%vI  
　　③全文性推理：题干中包含主体词或无定位信息(从四个选择中寻找定位信息，或遵循顺序原则)。 M\?uDC9  
　　3.解题原则 {7![3`%7  
　　根据推理题的实际解体情况，我们在解题时应该坚持以下原则： JPTI6"/  
　　①主题大于细节，观点大于论据; .t^UK#@#4  
　　②推理必须有原文论据; '^oGDlkr H  
　　③重点关注转折 rm)SfT<  
　　4.常考出题点 X.T\=dm%v  
　　在仔细分析历年真题后文都老师发现，推理题的实质：是一种同义改写，推理通常为正反推理和归纳总结。考博中常考的出题点通常出现以下特征： !AD0-fZ  
　　①段落首末句、主题句、观点句; l`M5'r]l  
　　②与主题密切相关的细节; Gkodk[VuLs  
　　③转折的地方; Q&.IlVB[  
　　④强调或递进关系的地方。 B=Zukg1G  
　　具体该如何操作，还是我们一起来看看例题吧。 74}eF)(me  
　　29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents_________。 =~W0~lxX  
　　[A] are immune to legal challenges。 SP D 207  
　　[B] are often unnecessarily issued。 (Xr_ np @  
　　[C] lower the esteem for patent holders。 6Bq~\b^  
　　[D] increase the incidence of risks。 <9d-Hz  
　　题干问我们从最后两段可以推测出什么?首先，还是先定位。 S`W'G&bCj  
　　④The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its State Street Bank ruling。 #A|D\IhF  
　　⑤The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example, the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions”that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reacting to the anti-patent trend at the supreme court”，says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School。 dxkRk#mf:  
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　　根据第五段第二句，去年四月，法官表示说很多显而易见的发明被授予。言下之意就是说，经常授予了没有必要的专利问题。选项A、C和D都不是正确答案，本题选C。选项A，专利问题不受法律影响。文中有提到法律质疑很可能会改变专利的未来。选项C属于无中生有的选项，文中并未提出;选项D并非是增加风险的几率，而是规避。 20.-;jK  

推理题也算是考博英语阅读中比较经常出现的题型，通常会要求考生在阅读完某一段或全文以后，能够得出一个什么样的结论，或者对某一结论判断正误之类。推理题要求考生对文章段落的含义有一个大体准确的把握 Yo~LckFF  
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　　【例题】  (kWSK:l  
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　　It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful，provocative magazine cover story，“I love My Children，I Hate My Life，”is arousing much chatter–nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling，life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable，Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness：instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy，we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard，Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight。” [K c ki+  
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　　The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive–and newly single–mom Sandra Bullock， as well as the usual“Jennifer Aniston is pregnant”news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom，or mom-to-be，smiling on the newsstands。 KA5~" >l  
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　　In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation，is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing?It doesn’t seem quite fair，then，to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids，but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world：obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives。 >lD;0EN  
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　　Of course，the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic，especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples，single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there，considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on;yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it，raising a kid on their“own”(read：with round-the-clock help)is a piece of cake。 C5O5S:|'  
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　　It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous：most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free，happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small，subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience，in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting“ the Rachel”might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston。 N$\ bg|v  
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　　【问题】 Ds%9cp*6  
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　　We learn from Paragraph 2 that $&cz$jyY  
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　　A.celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip。 y[: ~CL  
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　　B.single mothers with babies deserve greater attention。 Tbv/wJ  
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　　C.news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining。 s}6+8fE"  
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　　D.having children is highly valued by the public。 rh@r\H@j  
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　　【解析】 S]}}A  
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　　题干和选项译文： <OTWT`G2  
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　　我们从第二段可以知道 。 \[yr=X  
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　　A. 名人妈妈们是八卦永恒的焦点 7p
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　　B. 单亲妈妈理应受到更多的关注 %SAw;ZtQ:  
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　　C. 关于名人怀孕的新闻很具有娱乐性 hq=,Z1J  
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　　D. 大众认为有孩子是一件很有价值的事 }Dn^d}?s||  
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　　答案：D DECB*9O^  
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　　A是not given选项，原文并没有对这个事实作出判断;B这个选项也是not given选项，原文也没有得出结论;C这个选项本身是正确的，从各大报纸选取名人怀孕的新闻就可见这个新闻的娱乐性，但是D却是和文章主题相关的选项，被视为最佳选项，因此这个题目最后的入选选项为D而不是C。 =.*98  
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　　【方法总结】 yhpz5[AuO  
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　　推理题与细节题不同的一点是：要选择最佳选项而不仅仅是正确选项。那要注意的是，首先，要保证选项是正确的，这就要求对所属段落的文意要进行正确地理解，其次，既然要选择最佳选项，那何为“最佳”就成了正确回答推理题的关键。其实最佳选项就是要与文章的中心思想保持一致的选项，通过对文章的阅读，理解作者在字里行间并未明说却明确想要传达的意思，或者可以关注相关段落的段首段末主旨句，一般都能大概表明作者的立场。 MuwQZ]u  
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　　不同的题型有不同的应对方法，但对于英语阅读的复习却是应对不同题型的通用法宝，不管是词汇、长难句的积累，还是语感的把握，都能为不同解题方法的实施更好地奠定基础，大家一定要双管齐下，才能在考场上出奇制胜。 5{K}?*3hJ