考博英语阅读很大的难点在于生词无法知其意,这对解题时造成很大的障碍,freekaobo整理了考博英语阅读:根据五种构词法猜测词义的方法,希望对考博生们有所帮助。 4<['%7U_[
英语构词法主要有以下五种: e$E~@{[1)
派生法 Derivation zKi5e+\
转化法 Conversion U[$KQEJYj
合成法 Compounding Qe!Q
$
拼缀法 Blending :\*<EIk(
首字母缩略法 Acronymizing pX:FXzYQ
1. 派生法 Derivation ERW
>G{+
派生法: 由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新词。 P}%0YJ$6
例如: uncontroversial, oversimplification, disqualify, reclaim, irrelevant
%0PdN@I
前缀: dis- , in- , im- , il- , ir- , re- , un- , non-, over-, etc. JeR8Mb
后缀: -able , -al , -an , -ful , -ive , -er , -ese , -ist , -ment , -ness , -tion , -fy , -ian , -ing , is(z)e , -ly , -teen , -ty , -th , -y , etc. <bwsK,C
由前缀e- , cyber- , hyper-等构成的网络新词汇也层出不穷。如: >+[uV^2[
E-currency电子货币 .qyk [O
E-paper 电子报 qNhQ2x\
cyberculture 网络文化 %"Y7 b2pPa
hyperterminal 超级终端的 i>9/vwe
2. 转化法 Conversion uv++
Kj!
转化法:由某一词性转化成另一词性,其意义也会发生一定的变化。 1Ftl1uf
例如: .wrNRU7s
Democratic delegates restored to their party platform Wednesday the position that Jerusalem is the capital of Israel, reversing a controversial omission that had angered some Jewish organizations and drew criticism from Republicans that President Obama was distancing the United States from its closest ally in the Middle East. B)F2SK<@
例文中的 “distance”用作动词,意为 “疏远,与……保持距离”。 )$/Gh&1G
3. 合成法 Compounding T/
CI?sn
合成法:由两个或两个以上的单词组成一个新的单词。例如: uf*sI
blackboard, man-made, overthrow, spacecraft, output, time-out, borderline, underwrite, stock-market, debt-reduction , grassroots, get-tough-on-the-press strategy(对媒体采取强硬策略), get-rich-quick business model(快钱商业模式), government shutdown (政府停摆) H( `^1
如今,英语中出现了web, net和virtual 构成的大量网络复合词。如: uc?QS~H&w
webTV 网络电视, netfiles 网络文件,virtualbox,etc. =nEl m*E
4. 拼綴法 Blending z.g'8#@
拼缀法:由两个词剪裁复合而成,既可使文字活泼,又可节省用词,在新闻英语里十分常见。 .`!|^h%0
例如: W"fdK_F\
robodocs = robot + doctor 机器医生(指远程用电脑行医) A6'G%of
holidazed = holiday + dazed 节日忙得头脑发昏 m:<cLc :.
autocide = automobile + suicide 撞车自杀 tw8@&8"
chunnel = channel+ tunnel 水底隧道 /vFw5KUu
smog = smoke+ fog 雾霾 }%EQ
medicaid = medical+ aid 医疗救助 M:OY8=V
workfare = work+ welfare 劳动福利 wO!k|7:Z
netizen = net+citizen 网民 *1V}vJvi
psywar = psychological + warfare 心理战 3OV
#H%
telex = teleprinter + exchanger 电传 8
=Di+r
stagflation = stagnation + inflation 经济滞涨 TL+a_]3@
5. 首字母缩略法 Acronymizing >Qc0g(w
ISBN: International Standard Book Number 国际标准图书编号 3e"_R
VIP: very important person 贵宾,大人物 @B$ Y`eK\
A&E: accident and emergency 急诊科 Wx"bW ICc
ATM: automated teller machine 自动提款机 Vw=e C"
BBC: British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司 )`Tny]M
CEO: chief executive officer 总裁, 首席执行官 MP?9k )f
GDP: gross domestic product 国内生产总值 -[~ UX!XFM
GNP: gross national product 国民生产总值 `9eE139V='
GP: general practitioner 全科医生
,U2
/J
GRE: Graduate Record Examination 研究生入学资格考试 uk_?2?>-5
GPA: grade point average 各科成绩的平均积点分 xfqgK D>
HKSAR: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 香港特别行政区 5xP\6Nx6&5
ICU: intensive care unit 重症监护室 ,T_HE3 K
WHO: World Health Organization 世界卫生组织 'OSZ'F3PV