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2011上外博士考试英汉互译
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English Essays: Sidney to Macaulay. /mzlH
The Harvard Classics. 1909–14. On Bacon （英译汉原文） BenJonson Dominus Verulamius 1 $ (x]
ONE, though he be excellent and the chief, is not to beimitated alone; for never no imitator ever grew up to his author;likeness is always on this side truth. Yet there happened in my time one noblespeaker who was full of gravity in his speaking; his language, where he couldspare or pass by a jest, was nobly censorious. 2 No man ever spake more neatly, more presly, 3 more weightily, or suffered less emptiness,less idleness, in what he uttered. No member of his speech but consisted of hisown graces. His hearers could not cough, or look aside from him, without loss.He commanded where he spoke, and had his judges angry and pleased at hisdevotion. 4 No man had their affections more in hispower. The fear of every man that heard him was lest he should make an end. b d!Y\OD
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Scriptorum catalogus. 5—Cicero issaid to be the only wit that the people of Rome had equalled to their empire. Ingeniumpar imperio. We have had many, and in their several ages (to take in butthe former seculum 6) Sir Thomas More, the elder Wyatt, HenryEarl of Surrey, Chaloner, Smith, Eliot,B[ishop] Gardiner, were for their times admirable; and the more, because theybegan eloquence with us. Sir Nico[las] Bacon was singular, and almost alone, inthe beginning of Queen Elizabeth’s times. Sir Philip Sidney and Mr. Hooker (indifferent matter) grew great masters of wit and language, and in whom all vigorof invention and strength of judgment met. The Earl of Essex, noble and high;and Sir Walter Raleigh, not to be contemned, either for judgment or style; SirHenry Savile, grave, and truly lettered; Sir Edwin Sandys, excellent in both;Lo[rd] Egerton, the Chancellor, a grave and great orator, and best when he wasprovoked; but his learned and able, though unfortunate, successor 7 is he who hath filled up all numbers, andperformed that in our tongue which may be compared or preferred either toinsolent Greece or haughty Rome. In short, within his view, and about histimes, were all the wits born that could honor a language or help study. Nowthings daily fall, wits grow downward, and eloquence grows backward; so that hemay be named and stand as the mark and [Greek] 8 of our language. wk_@R=*(\
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De augmentis scientiarum. 9—I have ever observed it to have been theoffice of a wise patriot, among the greatest affairs of the State, to take careof the commonwealth of learning. For schools, they are the seminaries of State;and nothing is worthier the study of a statesman than that part of the republicwhich we call the advancement of letters. Witness the care of Julius Cæsar,who, in the heat of the civil war, writ his books of Analogy, anddedicated them to Tully. This made the late Lord S[aint] Alban 10 entitle his work Novum Organum;which, though by the most of superficial men, who cannot get beyond the titleof nominals, 11 it is not penetrated nor understood, itreally openeth all defects of learning whatsoever, and is a book aK^q_ghh[
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Qui longum noto scriptori porrigetævum. 12 d8P^lv*rQW
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My conceit of his person was never increased toward himby his place or honors. But I have and do reverence him for the greatness thatwas only proper to himself, in that he seemed to me ever, by his work, one ofthe greatest men, and most worthy of admiration, that had been in many ages. Inhis adversity I ever prayed that God would give him strength; for greatness hecould not want. Neither could I condole in a word or syllable for him, asknowing no accident could do harm to virtue, but rather help to make itmanifest. YPI-<vM~
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Note 1. Francis Bacon, Lord Verulam. Note 2. Severe. Note 3. Concisely. Note 4. Choice, disposal. Note 5. Catalogue of writers. Note 6. Century. Note 7. Bacon. Note 8. Acme. Note 9. Concerning the advancement of the sciences. Note 10. Bacon. Note 11. Names of things. Note 12. “Which extends to the famous author a long future.”—Horace, Ars. Poet., 346. 三更有梦书当枕[font=ˎ̥, serif] （汉译英原文）[font=ˎ̥, serif] 祝勇[font=ˎ̥, serif] 读书需要一种心境。安详的心绪以及静谧的氛围，都可以将我带入那种既恍惚空灵又旖旎美妙的境界中去。在一种如诗的意境中读书，心灵会像热水里的新茶一般丝丝缕缕地舒展开来，抑或会感到那个温暖的杯底从心房间熨过，熨平心上的每一条褶皱。[font=ˎ̥, serif] !R`{ TbN
心境摇曳不可读书，功利浮躁不可读书，灵魂纷乱不可读书。读书需要静下心来，心无旁骛，仿佛人于树下禅定，风声雨声车声马声，无一入其耳；酒色财气，无一动其心。其中境界如徐燕谋赠钱钟书先生的佳句[font=ˎ̥, serif]:“北海西山都可恋，我来只为读奇书。[font=ˎ̥, serif]” BnF^u5kv %
于幽美如诗情琴韵的意境之外读书，看来几乎是不可能的。想起一位伟人青年时锤炼自己，专拣市声嘈杂之处读书，常激赏赞叹，这种大境界，非常人所能修得。看来，片刻宁静，一室温馨，对读书人是何等重要。求生存的匆促步履，打乱了众生心灵的止水。爱于时光的余白处，慵读几页书，犒赏一下干渴的灵魂，可是家务劳动、友人来访、子女教育以及电视喇叭的聒噪，使你无处躲藏。日常的喧嚣里，早已不进须臾的宁静。[font=ˎ̥, serif] =41?^1\
所以深夜是最宜于读书的时候。这时，人已去，茶已凉，片刻前还热闹非凡的斗室骤然阒寂。家人睡熟，喋喋不休的电视也早已哑然无声。月华似水，佳期如梦，捻亮床头一盏青灯，取一个舒适的姿势，或躺或坐，罗埝掩住半个身子就可以了。[font=ˎ̥, serif] e~"U @8xk~
书是选好的，就放在枕下，不必从书架上查取。用不着书签指路，一下就能翻到要看的地方，对于一个真正的读书人来说，这动作就该像手巧的售货员取货一样娴熟。不紧不慢地接着昨天的看，若是情节极佳的小说，可以一口气读上三五十页[font=ˎ̥, serif];若是散文，品上几篇也就够了，不必太多。像少年时读书那样，不眨眼看到明天，是不可能的。因为明天一早，还有许多重要的事情等待着我。学生时代焚膏继晷的苦读对我来说已成一种可望而不可及的奢移。不再去想那些，用宁静的读书为每日的繁忙画上一个优雅的休止符，已经令我感到自豪，哪怕只读三五页，也已满足，关键是活得一分安然的心境，心甘情愿地做精神麦田里最后的守望者。[font=ˎ̥, serif] M kXmA`cP
想起英国作家阿斯查姆在《校长》一书中回忆他最后一次拜访简[font=ˎ̥, serif].格雷夫人的情景。那天天气很好，格雷夫人的父母正在远处的花园里游猎，笑闹之声由窗子潜入寂静的室内，而格雷夫人却独自静坐在窗子旁，阅读柏拉图的《苏格拉底之死》的精彩篇章。作家十分好奇，格雷夫人回答作家说：[font=ˎ̥, serif]“他们在花园里得到的全部快乐，远远不及我在柏拉图的书中得到的多。[font=ˎ̥, serif]”“索物于夜室者，莫良于火[font=ˎ̥, serif];索道于当世者，莫良于典。[font=ˎ̥, serif]”这是汉代学人王符在《潜夫论》中所论说的话，信然。[font=ˎ̥, serif] SQ+Gvq%Q ]
我常常被书感动着，被友情感动着，被鼓励感动着，被忠诚感动着，被美好感动着，被优秀人物感动着，被思想家感动着，被科学家感动着，被文学家感动着。书于我就像是流水于干裂的土地，书于我就像天空于小鸟[font=ˎ̥, serif]…… U- k`s[dv
窗外夜色渐深，疲倦渐浓。合上书本，塞于枕下，坦然入眠。三更有梦书当枕，纵然明日有万劫不复的灾难等着，在梦乡里，仍会一枕书香而露出一丝无忧的微笑。[font=ˎ̥, serif] 5'u<i
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[font=ˎ̥, serif] ——摘自《读者》[font=ˎ̥, serif]2007年第[font=ˎ̥, serif]15期[font=ˎ̥, serif]P10 aV0"~5
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