中国政法大学研究生院2005年博士研究生入学考试

中国政法大学研究生院2005年博士研究生入学考试
英语试题
考试日期：三月十九日上午
（Time Limit: 180 minutes）

Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (15 points)
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (25 points)
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (15 points)
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 points)
Part Ⅴ Writing (15 points)

考试注意事项
一、本考试的试卷一律在考场当场启封。
二、答题时，考生务必将自己的姓名和准考证号分别填写在答题卡上和试卷二的答题纸密封线内。
三、试卷上Part Ⅰ, Part Ⅱ, 和Part Ⅲ的答案一律用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡（Answer Sheet）上，并在相应的字母中间划线，如[A] [B] [C] [D]。试卷二上Part Ⅳ和Part Ⅴ的答案一律用钢笔或圆珠笔写在试卷二的答题纸上。凡写在试题册上的答案无效。
四、本试卷全部考试时间为180分钟。
五、考生须等监考人员将全部试卷及答题卡和试卷二答题纸收点无误并宣布本考试结束后，方可离开考场。

试卷一 TEST PAPER ONE

Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (15 points)

Section A (5 points)
Directions: In this section you will hear 10 short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following ten questions. Then mark your answers on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a single line through the center in the brackets.

1. What does the woman mean?
[A] She’s giving it outside.
[B] She was excused from doing it.
[C] She has finished it already.
[D] The material she needs isn’t available.
2. What is the woman going to buy for herself?
[A] She doesn’t say.
[B] Some cigarettes.
[C] Some colorful dresses.
[D] White shirts and cigarettes.
3. How much will the man pay for two general tickets and two student tickets?
[A] The man will pay ten dollars.
[B] The man will pay thirty dollars.
[C] The man will pay twenty dollars.
[D] The man will pay forty dollars.
4. What does the man mean?
[A] The room is full of stuff.
[B] The breeze is so strong.
[C] The window is bent
[D] Too many people are smoking.
5. What will the woman probably do the coming Sunday?
[A] She will go on picnic.
[B] She will take a rest.
[C] She will study for a test.
[D] She will sleep till next Monday.
6. What did the teacher do about the lecture?
[A] The teacher gave the lecture.
[B] The teacher postponed the lecture.
[C] The teacher refused to deliver the lecture.
[D] The teacher canceled the lecture.
7. What does the man mean?
[A] The woman had drunk the milk.
[B] The woman had put away the milk.
[C] The woman is responsible for that.
[D] The milk had turned sour.
8. What conclusion does the man want us to draw from his statement?
[A] That Bob is serious about Sally.
[B] That Sally is serious about Bob.
[C] That Sally is not serious about Bob.
[D] That Bob is not serious about Sally.
9. How long is the man’s visit to America?
[A] One month.
[B] Two months.
[C] One and a half month.
[D] Two and a half months.
10. Who is the man?
[A] Her boss.
[B] An editor.
[C] Her friend.
[D] A teacher.

Section B (10 points)
Directions: In this section you will hear two conversations. You will hear them only once. After you hear each conversation, you will have one and half minutes to answer the following questions. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a single line through the center in the brackets.
Questions 11-15 are based on the following conversation.
11. What does Peter have to do?
[A] To watch TV.
[B] To write some essays.
[C] To listen to music.
[D] To read a book.
12. Why does he want to move?
[A] His neighbors are too noisy.
[B] He doesn’t want to share a room with others.
[C] His house is too far away from the university.
[D] It’s not convenient to go shopping.
13. While working, Peter doesn’t need to .
[A] think
[B] sit down
[C] talk with his classmates
[D] wander around
14. What paper do they need to find Peter a country flat?
[A] Radio Times.
[B] A local paper.
[C] Sunday Times.
[D] TV times.
15. Which of the following is not mentioned about the second flat?
[A] In the heart of the countryside.
[B] In a seventeenth-century house.
[C] Two and a half miles from the coast.
[D] Ideal beaches.

Questions 16-20 are based on the following conversation.
16. From the passage, we learned that the cook works .
[A] from Monday-Friday, 8:30-5:00
[B] from Monday-Friday, 3:00-6:30
[C] 6 days a week (with one late evening a week)
[D] 15 hours a week
17. is a job which might be suitable for a woman between 20-40.
[A] Shorthand typist
[B] Shop assistant
[C] Cook
[D] Hairdresser
18. For a shorthand typist, is the most important thing.
[A] accuracy
[B] age
[C] speed
[D] experience
19. is a full time job?
[A] Shop assistant
[B] Shorthand typist
[C] Cook
[D]None of the above
20. If anyone would like to apply for on of these jobs, he (she) should .
[A] contact with the employers directly
[B] waiting for tomorrow’s program
[C] call the Radio Station
[D] each of the above will be OK

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (25 points)

Directions: In this part there are five passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers. Choose the one you think is the best answer. Then on your Answer Sheet, find the corresponding letter and mark your choice on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a single line through the center in the brackets.

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Passage 1
As the economic role of multinational, global corporations expands, the international economic environment will be shaped increasingly not by governments or international institutions, but by the interaction between governments and global corporations, especially in the United States, Europe, and Japan. A significant factor in this shifting world economy is the trend toward regional trading blocs of nations, which has a potentially large effect on the evolution of the world trading system. Two examples of this trend are the United States-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and Europe 1992, the move by the European Community (EC) to dismantle impediments to the free flow of goods, services, capital, and labor among member states by the end of 1992. However, although numerous political and economic factors were operative in launching the move to integrate the EC’s markets, concern about protectionism within the EC does not appear to have been a major consideration. This is in sharp contrast to the FTA, the overwhelming reason for that bilateral initiative was fear of increasing United States protectionism. Nonetheless, although markedly different in origin and nature, both regional developments are highly significant in that they will foster integration in the two largest and richest markets of the world, as well as provoke questions about the future direction of the world trading system.
21. The primary purpose of the passage as a whole is to .
[A] describe an initiative and propose its continuance
[B] identify a lend and suggest its importance
[C] chronicle a development and illustrate its inconsistencies
[D] summarize a process and question its significance
22. The passage suggests which of the following about global corporations?
[A] Their potential effect on the world market is a matter of ongoing concern to international institutions.
[B] They will have to assume quasi-governmental functions if current economic trends continue.
[C] They have provided a model of economic success for regional trading blocs.
[D] Their influence on world economy will continue to increase.
23. What is the similarity between the FTA and Europe 1992 according to the passage?
[A] They both overcame concerns about the role of politics in shifting the world economy.
[B] They both originated out of concern over unfair trade practices by other nations.
[C] They both exemplify a trend toward regionalization of commercial markets.
[D] They both place the economic needs of the trading blocs ahead of those of the member nations.
24. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the European Community prior to the adoption of the Europe 1992 program?
[A] There were restrictions on commerce between the member nations.
[B] The economic policies of the member nations focused on global trading issues.
[C] There were few impediments to trade between the member nations and the United States.
[D] The flow of goods between the member nations and Canada was insignificant.
25. The author discussed the FTA and Europe 1992 most likely in order to .
[A] point out the similarities between two seemingly disparate trading alliances
[B] illustrate how different economic motivations produce different types of trading blocs
[C] trace the history of regional trading blocs
[D] provide contrasting examples of a trend that is influencing the world economy
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
Passage 2
Are you aware that you actually possess six senses? The sixth is a muscular sense responsible for directing your muscles intelligently- to the exact extent necessary for each action you perform. For example, when you reach for an object, the sensory nerves linking the muscles to the brain stop your muscles in relation to the object in your muscular sense in action.
Muscles are stringy bundles of fibers varying from one five-thousandth of an inch to about three inches. They have three unique characteristics: they can become shorter and thicker; they can stretch to their original position. Under a high-powered microscope, muscle tissue is seen as long, slender cells with a grainy texture like wood.
More than half of a person’s body is composed of muscle fibers, most of which involuntary-in other words, work without conscious direction. The voluntary muscles, those that we move consciously to perform particular action, number more than five hundred. Women have only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle as men for their body mass. That is why an average woman can’t lift as much, throw as far, or hit as hard as an average man.
26. Intelligent use of the muscles means that .
[A] one always knows what his muscles are doing
[B] one performs simple actions without working
[C] one’s muscles are used only to the extent necessary for each action they perform
[D] one improves muscular action consciously
27. According to the selection, more than half of a person’s body is composed of .
[A] voluntary muscles
[B] muscle fibers
[C] involuntary muscle
[D] sensory nerves
28. An average woman is weaker than an average man because she has .
[A] only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle for her body mass
[B] more voluntary muscles than an average man
[C] 60 to 70 per cent less muscle for her body mass
[D] less muscle fiber for her body weight
29. It is implied but not stated that .
[A] the muscular sense is more important than any other sense
[B] muscular sense involves automatic perception
[C] there are many more than 500 involuntary muscles in the body
[D] muscle tissue is inflexible
30. According to the selection, the muscular sense is responsible for .
[A] the efficiency of our muscle
[B] the normal breathing function
[C] the work of only our involuntary muscles
[D] directing our muscles intelligently

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
Passage 3
Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on permanent basis for long-term project. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business through the Stock Exchange. By doing so they can put into circulation the savings of individuals and institutions, both at home and overseas.
When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.
Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could not function. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The Government, local authorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they, too, come to the Stock Exchange.
There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another this new money must come from savings of the country. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.
31. Almost all companies involved in new production and development must .
[A] rely on their own financial resources
[B] persuade the banks to provide long-term finance
[C] borrow large sums of money from friends and people they know
[D] depend on the population as a whole for finance
32. The money which enables these companies to go ahead with their projects is .
[A] repaid to its original owners as soon as possible
[B] raised by the selling of shares in the companies
[C] exchanged for part ownership in the Stock Exchange
[D] invested in different companies on the Stock Exchange
33. When the savers want their money back they .
[A] ask another company to obtain their money for them
[B] look for other people to borrow money from
[C] put their shares in the company back on the market
[D] transfer their money to a more successful company
34. All the essential services on which we depend are .
[A] in constant need of financial support
[B] run by the Government or our local authorities
[C] financed wholly by rates and taxes
[D] unable to provide for the needs of the population
35. The Stock Exchange makes it possible for the Government, local authorities and nationalized industries .
[A] to make certain everybody lends money to them
[B] to make certain everybody saves money
[C] to borrow as much money as they wish
[D] to raise money to finance new development

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
Passage 4
Terrorism has become so widespread that it is now impossible to dismiss it as the action of a few crazy people. In fact, terrorism-the use of violence by small groups of people to accomplish political aims they feel unable to bring about by peaceful, legitimate means—has sociological roots.
Terrorism most often stems from the situation of people who consider themselves a national group but who feel that no state, no legitimate and widely recognized autonomous government, represents them. Since all the inhabitable territory of the world is divided into states, which are the main organizational units through which people can exercise political power, people without a state to represent them feel completely powerless and cut off from the world order. To have independences—and even a recognized identity—as a people, those individuals feel that, too, must have a sovereign state government. Thus terrorism is frequently a tactic of people who find themselves or feel themselves to be stateless. They may seek to overthrow the government of the country in which they live and replace it by one more to their liking, or they may try to secede from the state they inhabit in order to found a new country.
Whatever the motives of those who try to accomplish change by violence, existing governments are likely o label them as terrorists-meaning that they have no legitimacy and few followers. Now, we are in a rapidly changing environment and the means employed by terrorists have also changed. These changes mean greater difficulties in countering global terrorism.
Generally speaking, terrorist attacks are usually coordinated. On Sept. 11,2001, terrorists hijacked two airliners and crashed them into the World Trade Center in a coordinated series of attacks that brought down the twin 110-storey towers, an aircraft also crashed at the Defense Department. This incident hasn’t only brought disaster to the American people but also placed a challenge to everywhere..
Therefore, we condemn the terrorist act in the United States as an affront to civilization, social stability, security and the basic human right to exist. We know that terrorism and evil won’t be wiped out unless all nations join together to fight it. This means we need to call for enhanced international co-operation to combat terrorist attacks to ensure a peaceful world.
36. The main purpose of this passage is to .
[A] explore the sociological roots of terrorism and enhance the international cooperation against it
[B] defend terrorism as a heroic deeds
[C] praise terrorism for its heroic deeds
[D] demonstrate the damages done by terrorism
37. The author suggests that it is a mistake to think that .
[A] terrorists do not have legitimate means to their action
[B] terrorists should not overthrow government
[C] terrorism is carried out by small groups of people
[D] terrorism is done by a handful of insane men
38. All of the following can be seen from the passage as causes of terrorism except that .
[A] they regard themselves as a people
[B] they to not have widely recognized independent government to represent them
[C] they are cited by those people with a sovereign state government
[D] they do not have means to exercise political power
39. The author’s attitude in fighting terrorism is .
[A] positive [B] neutral
[C] contradicted [D] negative
40. It can be seen from the passage that the author thinks terrorists .
[A] should be driven out of the country that they inhabit in
[B] may do harm to people’s lives
[C] will be praised for their deeds
[D] must be respected for their heroic deeds

Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:
Passage 5
On an average of six times a day, a doctor in Holland practices “active” euthanasia intentionally administering a lethal drug to a terminally ill patient who has asked to be relieved of suffering. Twenty times a day, life prolonging treatment is withhold or withdrawn when there is no hope that it can effect an ultimate cure. “Active” euthanasia remains a crime on the Dutch statute books punishable by 12 years in prison. But a series of court cases over the past 15 years has made it clear that a competent physician who carries it out will not be prosecuted.
Euthanasia, often called “mercy killing,” is a crime everywhere in Western Europe. But more and more doctors and nurses in Britain, West Germany, Holland and elsewhere readily admit to practicing it, most often in the “passive” form of withholding or withdrawing treatment. The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately boiled over into a sometimes fierce public debate, with both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate righteousness. Those opposed to the practice: see themselves up-holding sacred principles of respect for life, while those in favor raise the banner of humane treatment. After years on the defensive, the advocates now seem to be gaining ground. Recent polls in Britain show that 72 percent of British subjects favor euthanasia in some circumstances. An astonishing 76 percent of respondents to a poll taken late last year in France said they would like the law changed to decriminalize mercy killings.
Reasons for the latest surge of interest in euthanasia are not hard to find. Europeans, like Americans, are now living longer. The average European male now lives to the age of 72, women to almost 80. As Derek Humphrey, a leading British advocate of “rational euthanasia”says, “lingering chronic diseases have replaced critical illnesses as the primary cause of death.”
And so the euthanasiaists have begun to press their case with greater force. They argue that every human being should have the right to “die with dignity,” by which they usually mean the right to escape the horrors of a painful or degrading hospitalization. Most advocates of voluntary euthanasia has argued that the right to die should be accorded only to the terminally and incurably ill, but the movement also includes a small minority who believe in euthanasia for anyone who rationally decides to take his own life.
That right is unlikely to get legal recognition any time in the near future. Even in the Netherlands, the proposals now before Parliament would restrict euthanasia to a small number of cases and would surround even those with elaborate safeguards.

41. According to Paragraph 1, which of the following is not true?
[A] “Active” euthanasia is regarded as a crime by Dutch law.
[B] The doctor who carried out euthanasia will be charged.
[C] An unqualified doctor carrying out euthanasia will be accused.
[D] “Active” euthanasia executives will be sentenced to 12 years imprisonment
42. Euthanasia is often called “mercy killing”, which implies that .
[A] people should show sympathy for a terminally ill patient
[B] some doctors murder patients shielding themselves from mercy
[C] the dying patients are suffering from the pain and they don’t want to live on
[D] humane treatment to dying patients should be required
43. Most advocates of voluntary euthanasia hold the opinion that .
[A] no matter what punishment they get, they’ll carry out euthanasia to patients
[B] if anyone who rationally decides to end his life, he can have euthanasia
[C] people should respect for life
[D] only terminally ill patients can have euthanasia
44. The author’s attitude towards euthanasia is .
[A] positive [B] negative [C] objective [D] uncertain
45. In Paragraph 2, “boiled over” means .
[A] burst (into)
[B] make the water hot enough to boil
[C] cause great anger
[D] fight one another

Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Grammatical Structure (15 points)

Section A (10 points)
Directions: There are 10 sentences in this section. Each sentence has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words and phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the one word or phrase which would best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined parts. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a single line through the center in the brackets.
46. As a result of the accident, the police revoked his driver’s license.
[A] canceled [B] exorcised [C] reconsidered [D] investigated
47. After listening to the testimony, the members of the jury delivered their verdict.
[A] sentence [B] decision [C] prosecution [D] foreman
48. A postage stamp has been issued to pay tribute to Helen Keller and her teacher, Anne Sullivan.
[A] accentuate [B] redeem [C] reimburse [D] honor
49. During cross-examination, an attorney may ask questions that only require the witness to answer “yes”or “no”.
[A] inspection of a religious relic
[B] questioning of an adverse witness
[C] exam taken under emotional stress
[D] a specific term usually used only in Congressional oversight hearings
50. Several alternatives to the governor’s proposal were suggested.
[A] solutions to [B] drawbacks to [C] substitutes for [D] ramifications of
51. Only sovereign states are able to make treaties.
[A] constitutional [B] powerful [C] legitimate [D] independent
52. Among all societies legal marriage is usually accompanied by some kind of ceremony that expresses group sanction of the union.
[A] opinion [B] coercion [C] approval [D] insistence
53. I feel obligated to give my opinion on the subject.
[A] required [B] forbidden [C] determined [D] encouraged
54. During the Colonial period, it was prohibitively expensive to ship anything across the Appalachian Mountains.
[A] momentarily [B] forbiddingly [C] strangely [D] tolerably
55. The new ruler of the nation carefully handpicked his chief officials.
[A] removed [B] managed [C] instructed [D] selected

Section B (5 points)
Directions: There are 10 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a single line through the center in the brackets.

56. In order to remain in existence, must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
[A] a profit-making organization
[B] a profit-making organization which
[C] therefore a profit-making organization
[D] whichever a profit-making organization
57. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for with which to regulate them.
[A] more accurate that sundials
[B] more accurate sundials
[C] sundials more accurately
[D] more accurately than sundials
58. According to psychologists, a person’s attention is attracted by the intensity of different signals as by their context, significance, and information content.
[A] much not so [B] so not much [C] not so much [D] so much not
59. A legislative body has the power not only to pass new laws, repeal laws that have been passed earlier.
[A] to [B] in order to [C] and to [D] but also to
60. Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary associated with the idea of remembrance.
[A] and becomes [B] becoming [C] became [D] to become
61. Sunburn, is caused not by heat but by rays of ultraviolet light.
[A] a painful redness of the skin
[B] is a painful redness of the skin
[C] that a painful redness of the skin is
[D] when is there a painful redness of the skin
62. that of iron construction, the technology for constructing buildings with reinforced concrete developed rather rapidly.
[A] Dissimilar [B] Different [C] Not likely [D] Unlike
63. Legal tender is any type of money that must, , be accepted in payment of a debt.
[A] law [B] by law [C] its law [D] which law
64. Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions a politician.
[A] such [B] more [C] as [D] than
65. The small greenish flowers of the American elm tree appear in the spring, .
[A] is grown long before the leaves
[B] long before the leaves grow
[C] the leaves before growing long
[D] the growth of leaves before long is

试卷二 TEST PAPER TWO
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 points)
Section A (15 points)
Directions: Put the following passage into good Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet. Remember to write it clearly.

Water is a limited natural resource and a public good fundamental for life and health. The human right to water is indispensable for leading a life in human dignity. It is a prerequisite for the realization of other human rights. The Committee has been confronted continually with the widespread denial of the right to water in developing as well as developed countries. Over I billion persons lack access to a basic water supply, while several billion do not have access to adequate sanitation, which is the primary cause of water contamination and diseases linked to water. The continuing contamination, depletion and unequal distribution of water is exacerbating existing poverty. States have to adopt effective measures to realize, without discrimination, the right to water.

Section B (15 points)
Directions: Translate the following passage into English Write your translation on the Answer Sheet. Remember to write it clearly.
和平与发展是当今世界的两大主题。维护世界和平，加强友好合作，促进共同发展是各国人民的共同愿望。当前，贫困、失业、难民、犯罪、人口膨胀、环境恶化、毒品泛滥、恐怖主义等问题仍然严峻，影响着全球的稳定与发展。中国与西方国家虽然国情不同，但在一系列重大国际问题上具有广泛一致的利益。我对中国同西方各国关系的改善与发展感到高兴。中国政府和人民愿在相互新生和平等互利的基础上，同包括西方国家在内的世界各国政府和人民一道，为和平与发展的崇高事业做出贡献。

Part Ⅴ Writing (15 points)

While some people claim that a person’s essential qualities are inherited at birth, others insist that the circumstances under which the person grows up are principally responsible for the kink of person he becomes. Which view do you agree with and why?

Requirement:
In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details.
Length: No less than 200 words.

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