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Ex.1 h"/y$  
    The most important starting point for improving the understanding of science is undoubtedly an adequate scientific education at school. Public attitudes towards science owe much the way science is taught in these institutions. (71)_____ &2,0?ra2&  
Today, school is what most people come into (72) _____ 5i$iUDuT>(  
contact with a formal instruction and explanation of science for the first rime, at least in a systematic way. It is at this point which the foundations are laid for an interest in science. (73)_____ ]{/1F:bcQ  
What is taught (and how) in this first encounter will largely   determine an individual’s view of the subject in adult life. j~'a %P  
Understanding the original of the negative attitudes (74) ____            c^?+"7oO0  
towards science may help us to modify them. Most education system neglect exploration understanding and reflection. (75)_____            z|^+
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Teachers in schools tend to present science as a collection of facts, often by more detail than necessary. As a result, (76)_____              s aj%[Gsy  
children memorize processes such as mathematical formulas, periodic table, only to forget it shortly afterwards. (77)_____ wS)2ymRg  
The task of learning facts and concepts, one at a time, makes learning laborious, boring and efficient. Such a purely (78)_____              X}W4dpU,  
empirical approach, which consists of observation and description, is also, in a sense, unscientific or incomplete. There is therefore a need for resources and methods of teaching that facilitates a deep understanding of science in (79)_____            "s!|8F6$  
an enjoyable way. Science should not only be “fun” in the same way as playing a video game, but ‘hard fun’ – a deep feeling of connection made possibly only by imaginative engagement.(80)_____ p1blPBlp  
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Ex.2 Ei Yj`P  
    Until recently, dyslexia and other reading problems were a mystery to most teachers and parents. As a result, too many kids passed through schools without master the printed page. (71) ____ ! /^Jma7n  
Some were treated as mentally deficient, many were left functionally illiterate（文盲的）, unable to ever meet their potential. But in the last several years, there’s been a revolution in that we’ve learned about reading and dyslexia. (72) ____ qSg=[7XOO  
Scientists are using a variety of new imaging techniques to watch the brain at work. Their experiments have shown that reading disorders are most likely the result of what is, in an effect, (73) ____ \a .^5g  
faulty writing in the brain — not lazy, stupidity or a poor home(74) ____ ZITic&>W  
environment. There’s also convincing evidence which dyslexia (75) ____ p
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is largely inherited. It is now considered a chronic problem for some kids, not just a “phase”. Scientists have also discarded another old stereotype that almost all dyslexics are boys. Studies indicate that many girls are affecting as well (76) ___ Hy9c<X[F9  
and not getting help. At same time, educational researchers have come up (77) ____ [ljC S  
with innovative teaching strategies for kids who are having trouble learning to read. New screening tests are identifying children at risk before they get discouraged by year of (78) ____ "3r7/>xy  
frustration and failure. And educators are trying to get the message to parents that they should be on the alert for the first signs of potential problems. )v+R+3<  
It’s an urgent mission. Mass literacy is a relative new (79) ____ NO%x 2dx0  
social goal. A hundred years ago people didn’t need to be good readers in order to earn a living. But in the Information Age, no one can get by with knowing how to read well and (80) ____ W|yFjE&dr  
understand increasingly complex material. icw (y(W  
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 Ex.3 A@o:mZ+XN(  
The National Endowment for the Arts recently released the results of its " Reading at Risk " survey, which described the movement of the American public away from books and literature and toward television and electronic media. According to the survey, "Reading is on the decline on every region, (62)_____ within every ethnic group, and at every educational level." Cr a@  
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The day the NEA report released, the U.S. House, in a tie vote, (63)_____ upheld the government’s right to obtain bookstore and library records under a provision of the USA Patriot Act. The House proposal would have barred the federal government from demand library records, (64)_____ reading lists, book customer lists and other material in terrorism and intelligence investigations. (65)______ 0Gr^#`  
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These two events are completely unrelated to, (66)_____yet they echo each other in the message they send about the place of books and reading in American culture. (67)_____ At the heart of the NEA survey is the belief in our democratic system depends on leaders who can think critically, analyze texts and writing clearly. All of these are skills promoted by reading and discussing books and literature. At the same time, through a provision of the Patriot Act, the leaders of our country are unconsciously sending the messages that reading may be connected to desirable activities that might undermine our system of government rather than helping democracy flourish. (68)_____ O9_S"\8]@  
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Our culture’s decline in reading begin well before the existence of the Patriot Act. (69)_____ During the 1980s’ culture wars, school systems across the country pulled some books from library shelves because its content was deemed by parents and teachers to be inappropriate.(70)_____ Now what started in schools across the country is playing itself out on a  nation stage and is possibly having an impact on the reading habits of the American public. (71)_____ !idQ-&  
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Ex.4 +1]xmnts  
　　The World Health Organization (WHO) says its ten-year campaign to remove leprosy (麻风病) as a world health problem has been successful. Doctor Brundtland, head of the WHO, says a number of leprosy cases around the world has (71)_____ qOi3`6LCV  
been cut of ninety percent during the past ten years. She says (72)_____ ! 54(K6a[  
efforts are continuing to complete end the disease. (73)_____ `Qc_]CWYH  
Leprosy is caused by bacteria spread through liquid from the nose and mouth. The disease mainly effects the skin and (74)_____ S(b5Gj
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nerves. However, if leprosy is not treated it can cause permanent damage for the skin, nerves, eyes, arms or legs. (75)_____ _&~y{;)S  
    In 1999, an international campaign began to end leprosy. The WHO, governments of countries most affected by the disease, and several other groups are part of the campaign. This alliance guarantees that all leprosy patients, even they (76)_____ :M %s:,]R  
are poor, have a right to the most modern treatment. Doctor Brundtland says leprosy is no longer a disease that requires life-long treatments by medical experts. Instead, patients can take that is called a multi-drug therapy. This (77)_____ 2Y+8!4^L a  
modern treatment will cure leprosy in 6 to 12 months, depend on the form of the disease. The treatment combines (78)_____ bN',-[E  
several drugs taken daily or once a month. The WHO has given multi-drug therapy to patients freely for the last five (79)_____ yzml4/X  
years. The members of the alliance against leprosy plan to target the countries which still threatened by leprosy. Among (80)_____ 6kc/  
the estimated 600,000 victims around the world, the WHO believes about 70% are in India. The disease also remains a problem in Africa and South America. B3Yj  
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Every week hundreds of CVs(简历) land on our desks. We’ve seen it all: CVs printed on pink paper, CVs that are 10 pages long and CVs with silly mistakes in first paragraph. (71)________
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A good CV is your passport to an interview and, ultimate, to the job you want. (72)______ *Y2d!9F}Sa  
Initial impressions are vital, and a badly presented CV could mean acceptance, regardless of what’s in it.(73)______ /wjL<  
Here are a few ways to avoid end up on the reject pile.(74)_____ :h|nV ~  
Print your CV on good-quality white paper. CVs with flowery backgrounds or pink paper will stand out upon all the wrong reasons.(75)______ otsINAizgS  
Get someone to check for spelling and grammatical errors, because a spell-checker will pick up every mistake. (76)_____ $jDp ^ -  
CVs with errors will be rejected，it shows that you don’t pay attention to detail. Restrict yourself to one or two pages, and listing any publications or referees on a separate sheet. (77)______ 8")1,   
If you are sending your CV electronically, check the formatting by sending it to yourself first. Keep up the format simple.(78)______ |VC/(A  
Do not send a photo unless specifically requested. If you have to send on, make sure it is one taking in a professional setting, (79)______ CpAdE m{  
rather than a holiday snap. Getting the presentation right is just the first step. What about the content? The Rule here is to keep it factual and truthful-exaggerations usually get find out. (80)_____ KL4Z||n  
And remember to tailor your CV to each different job. *d,u)l :S  
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    Thomas Malthus published his "Essay on the Principle of Population" almost 200 years ago. Ever since then, forecasters have being warning that worldwide famine was (71) _______ YdI|xu>0A^  
just around the next corner. The fast-growing population's demand for food, they warned, would soon exceed their (72) _______ .<|7BHL  
supply, leading to widespread food shortages and starvation. But in reality, the world's total grain harvest has risen steadily over the years. Except for relative isolated trouble (73) _______ LWb5C{  
spots like present-day Somalia, and occasional years of good harvests, the world's food crisis has remained just (74) ________ hr8v O"tZN  
around the corner. Most experts believe this can continue even as if the population doubles by the mid-21st century, (75) _______ 0< +=Ew5Z  
although feeding I0 billion people will not be easy for politics, economic and environmental reasons. Optimists (76) _______ 6 ]@H.8+  
point to concrete examples of continued improvements in yield. In Africa, by instance, improved seed, more (77) ________ ?PIOuN=  
fertilizer and advanced growing practices have more than double corn and wheat yields in an experiment. Elsewhere, (78) ________ B6gSt3w.  
rice experts in the Philippines are producing a plant with few (79)_______ HNA/LJl[VU  
stems and more seeds. There is no guarantee that plant breeders can continue to develop new, higher-yielding crop, but most researchers see their success to date as reason (80)_______for hope. dpO ZqhRs.  
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Culture refers to the social heritage of a people，the learned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that characterize a population or society, include the expression of these patters in  (71)_________ b7It8  
material things. Culture is compose of nonmaterial culture (72)_________ \e5bxc  
abstract creations like values, beliefs, customs and institutional arrangements，and material culture，physical object like (73) _________ 1/Pou)D  
cooking pots, computers and bathtubs. In sum, culture reflects both the ideas we share or everything we make. In ordinary (74)__________ P9/5M4]tt  
speech, a person of culture is the individual can speak another(75)________ fA u^%jiU  
language，the person who is unfamiliar with the arts, music,  (76)________ ZJ9J*5!C  
literature, philosophy, or history. But to sociologists, to be human is to be cultured, because of culture is the common world  (77)________ 'H<0:bQ=I  
of experience we share with other members of our group. Culture is essentially to our humanness. It provides a kind (78)_________ "-Lbz)k  
of map for relating to others. Consider how you feel your way about social life. How do you know how to act in a classroom, or a department store, or toward a person who smiles or laugh (79)__________ ocCC63J  
at you? Your culture supplies you by broad, standardized, (80)________ vMsb@@O\\  
ready-made answers for dealing with each of these situations. Therefore, if we know a person's culture, we can understand and even predict a good deal of his behavior. y K~;LV  
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     The Seattle Times Company is one newspaper firm that has recognized the need for change and done something about it. In the newspaper industry, papers must reflect the diversity of the communities to which they provide information. It must reflect that diversity with their news coverage or risk (71)____________
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losing their readers' interest and their advertisers' support. Operating within Seattle, which has 20 percents racial (72) ___________ +(iM]L$Fw%  
minorities, the paper has put into place policies and procedures for hiring and maintain a diverse workforce. The (73) __________ Gn+D%5)$I  
underlying reason for the change is that for information to be fair, appropriate, and subjective, it should be reported by the (74) ____________ dUOvv/,FZT  
same kind of population that reads it. A diversity committee composed of reporters, editors, and photographers meets regularly to value the Seattle Times’ (75) _________ " d3pkY  
content and to educate the rest of the newsroom staff about diversity issues. In an addition, the paper instituted a content (76) ____________ W$7 db%qFx  
audit (审查) that evaluates the frequency and manner of representation of woman and people of color in photographs.(77) ___________ C`c;I7  
Early audits showed that minorities were pictured far too infrequently and were pictured with a disproportion ate number of negative articles. The audit results from (78) _____________ 0 !yvcviw  
improvement in the frequency of majority representation and (79) _____________ M7&u_Cn?  
their portrayal in neutral or positive situations. And, with a (80) ____________ > $0eRVL  
result, the Seattle Times has improved as a newspaper. The diversity training and content audits helped the Seattle Times Company to win the Personnel Journal Optimal Award for excellence in managing change. wkK61ah6  
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    "Home, sweet home" is a phrase that expresses an essential attitude in the United States. Whether the reality of life in the family house is sweet or no sweet. The (71) ________ h% BA,C  
cherished ideal of home has great importance for many people. This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This dream, dramatized in the history of nineteenth-century European settlers of the American West, was in find a piece of place, build a house for one's family, and (72)________ 6k"'3AKaR  
started a farm. These small households were portraits of (73)________ S~fQ8t70  
independence: the entire family -- mother, father, children. Even grandparents -- live in a small house and working (74)________ qepsR/0M  
together to support each other. Anyone understood the life (75)________ D4[1CQ@}4D  
and death importance of family cooperation and hard work. Although most people in the United States no longer live on farms, but the ideal of home ownership is just as (76) ________ :Xc%_&)  
strong in the twentieth century as it was in the nineteenth. When U.S, soldiers came home before World War II. for (77)________ %m]9";  
example, they dreamed of buying houses and starting families. But there was a tremendous boom in home (78) ________ BX&bhWYGFX  
building. The new houses, typically it the suburbs, were often small and more or less identical, but it satisfied (79) ________ |LA./%U  
a deep need. Many regarded the single-family house the basis of their way of life. (80) ________ aObWd5~  
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    A great many cities are experiencing difficulties which are nothing new in the history of cities, except in their scale. Some cities have lost their original purpose and have not found new one. And any large or rich (71)_____. k L2(M6m  
city is going to attract poor immigrants, who flood in filling with  (72)_____. dABmK;  
hopes of prosperity which are then often disappointing. There are backward towns on the edge of (73)_____. `9rwu:3i  
Bombay or Brasilia, just as though there were on the edge of seventeenth-century London or early nineteenth-century Paris. This is new is the scale. (74)_____. ~TwjcI*/  
Descriptions written by eighteenth-century travelers of the poor of Mexico City, and the enormous contrasts that was to be found (75)_____. %7 h_D  
there, are very dissimilar to descriptions of Mexico City today ，the poor can still be numbered in millions. (76)______ mw%do&e  
    The whole monstrous growth rests on economic prosperity, but behind it lies two myths: (77)_____. r=6-kC!T9  
the myth of the city as a promised land, that attracts immigrants from (78)_____ _2+}_ >d  
rural poverty and brings it flooding into city centers, and the myth of the country as a Garden of Eden, (79)____. uTGd{w@]0|  
which, a few generations late, sends them flooding out again to (80)_____the suburbs. YG ,  
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