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Directions There are 6 passages in this pail. Each Passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. Each question or unfinished statement is given four suggested answers marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the one best answer and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. pJ35M
Passage One ?u.&B
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Some of the earliest diamonds known came from India. In the eighteenth century they were found in Brazil, and in 1866, huge deposits were found near Kimberley in South Africa. Though evidence of extensive diamond deposits has recently, been found in South Africa, the continent of Africa still produces nearly all the world's supply of these stones. tUouO0_l
Directions: In each question, decide which of the choices given will most suitably complete the sentences if inserted at the place marked. Write your choices on the Answer Sheet. >xQgCOi
31. The secretary was harshly——by her boss for misplacing some important files. tSX<^VER7
A) rebuked B) teased C) washed D) accused L1=+x^WQ
32. The jet airliner has ——from the Wright brothers’ small airplane. w@w(AFV9/
A) Involved B) evolved C) devolved D) revolved
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33. Chinese products enjoy high international prestige because of their, quality. d,kh6'g2@
A) Indistinctive B) indisputable C) indispensable D) indistinguishable A;~lG3j4
34. This can something that the students may not have comprehended in English. GPBp.$q+B
A) Signify B) specify C) clarify D) testify V5w00s5?%
35. I must you on your handling of a very difficult situation. 0kxo
A) meditate B) complement C) elaborate D) compliment R
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n't need to your authority so often, &)`
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A) affirm B) restrain C) assert D) maintain Qvc "?yx8}
41. Miss Rosemary Adang went through the composition carefully to all errors from it. lb
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A) eliminate B) terminate C) illuminate D) alleviate d%1T
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42. Several months previously, the workers had petitioned the company for a 25 percent wage increase and of stricter safety regulations. [vM ksHk4
A) implement B) endowment C) enforcement D) engagement Ia_I
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43. The rebel army __ the democratic government of the, country lawlessly. K.3)m]dCl
A) overthrew B) overtook C) overturned D) overruled +M4X
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44. Judges are ____increasingly heavy fines for minor driving offences &+V6mH9m@
A). B) demanding C) imparting D) imposing 3ZdheenK9
45. The of all kinds of necessary goods was caused by natural calamity. #oBM A
A) variety B) scarcity C) solidarity D) commodity ZH'- >/
46. It is essential to be on the for any signs of movement in the undergrowth since there are poisonous snakes in the area. hM}rf6B
A) guard B) care C) alert D) alarm *12,MO>go
47. She took up so many hobbies when she retired that she had hardly any time R^8L^8EL
A) in hand B) at hand C) on her hands D) at her hand zTA+s 2
48. Working with the mentally handicapped requires considerable -`_ of patience; and understanding. 'a ]4]d
A) means B) stocks C) provisions D) resources Wp2b*B=-
49. He still suffers from a rare t2-opical disease which he, while working to Africa. Py^
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A) infected B) incurred C ) contracted D) infested yCznRd}J
50. Giving up smoking is just one of the ways to heart diseases. 36. I've had my car examined three times now but no mechanic has been able to the problem. @9-/p
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A) deduce B) notify C) highlight D) pinpoint fL^+Qb}
37. Architectural pressure groups fought unsuccessfully to save a terrace of eighteenth century houses from _ c6 O1Z\M@\
A) abolition B) demolition C) disruption D) dismantling J<K-Yeph
38.Having decided to rent a flat, we____ contacting all the accommodation dt, agencies in the city. M0Eq
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A) set out B) set to C) set about D) set off !~X[qT
39. The police decided to the department store after they had received a bomb warning. %V r vu5
A) evict B) expel C) abandon D) evacuate T-"zK r!
40. If the work-force respected you, you would | %E\?-TK
A) ward off C) push off B) put off D) throw off : ?K}.Kb
51. There is no for hard work and perseverance of you want to succeed. ryhme\%l;f
. A) alteration B) equivalent C) alternative D)substitute rByC6HV"
52. What the film company needs is an actor who can take on any kinds of roles. 3O{*~D&n
A) diverse B) versatile C) variable D) changeable 1oD1ia#
53. With their modern, lightweight boat, they soon the older vessels in the race. 4k}3^.#
A) overran B) exceeded C) outstripped D) caught up 9\2<#,R1q
54. Research suggests that, heavy penalties do not act as a to potential criminals. . U[l7n3Y=
A) deterrent B) prevention C) safeguard D) distraction <d2?A}<
55. There has been so much media of the coming election that people have got bored with it. c!,&]*h"k
A) circulation B) concern C) broadcasting D) coverage q> ;u'3}
A) applications B) connotations C) implications D) complications }b$?t7Q)
64. I thought 1 saw water in the distance but it must have been an optical @UbH;m
A) perception B) delusion C) illusion D) deception `2}Frw+?
61. He was intensely_____ by the way the shop assistant spoke to him. ix
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A) intervened C) injected B) irritated D) insulated $-HP5Kj(k-
62. The people who were _ hurt in the accident were taken to the only hospital in the immediate_________ jO` b&]0
A) vicinity B) mobility C) velocity D) integrity r>!$eqX_
63. With all his experience abroad he was a major to the company. pN\YAc*@:
A) attendant B) asset C) attachment D) attribute x2q6y
64. Don't thank me for helping in the garden. It was pleasure to be working out of doors. RK7vR~kf<
A) mere B) sheer C) plain D) simple wR7Ja
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65. The peace of the public library was by the sound of a transistor radio. }}R?pU_
A) shuttered B) shattered C) smashed D) fractured nFRU-D$7
66. It is doubtless that those who wish to succeed should be |@84l
A) aggressive B) possessive C) cooperative D) conventional }6Ut7J]a|
56. You've done more of the work than I have recently so I'll give up my day off' in O9+Dd%_KS#
A) offset B)redress C)herald D) compensate *wH.]$
with the usual formalities since we all know each other goE
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57. I think we can______with the usual formalities since we all know each other already. 3YKJN4
A) dispose B) dispatch C) dispense D) discharge 7H$I9e
58. He joined a computer dating scheme but so far it hasn't a suitable patter. 6MewQ{h i
A) come by B) some across C) come up with D) come round to y4@zi "G
59. Have you thought what the _ might be if you didn't win your case in court? oFO)28
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67. The damp and cold weather had painfully the patient's rheumatism. OouIV3
A) activated B)aggregatedC) aggravated D) accelerated JAQ y
68.1 utterly your argument. In my opinion, you have distorted the facts. p`dH4y]D
A) dispute B) refute C) confound D) decline #9(0.!v
69.1 think you will find that the inconvenience of the diet is by the benefits. ?%|w?Fdx-
A) out looked B) outranked C) outfought D) outweighed 1g{-DIOmn
70. A good friend is one who will you when you arc in trouble. u<g0oEs)
A) stand for B) stand by C) stand up to D) stand over H^VNw1.
Part III. Reading Comprehension (30 paints) >/]`
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The most valuable diamonds are large, individual crystals of pure crystal lint carbon. Less perfect forms, known as 'boars' and 'carbonado' arc clusters of tiny crystals. Until diamonds are cut and polished, they do not sparkle lice those you sec on a ring--they just look like small, blue-grey stones. 2`|gnVw
In a rather crude form the cutting and polishing of precious stones was an art known to the Ancient Egyptians, and in the Middle Ages it became 1Lidcspread iii north-west Europe. However, a revolutionary change in the methods of cutting and polishing was made in 1476 when Ludwig Van Berquen of Bruges in Belgium invented the use of a swiftly revolving wheel with its edge faced with fine diamond powder. The name 'boast' is given to this fine powder as well as the natural crystalline material already mentioned. It is also gimp to badly flawed or broken diamond crystals, useless as jewels, that are broken into powder for grinding purposes, the so-called `industrial' diamonds. D]?eRO9'
Diamond itself is the only material hard enough to cut and polish diamonds--though recently, high-intensity light beams called lasers have been developed which can bore holes in them. It may be necessary to split or cleave the large stones before they arc cut and polished. Every diamond has a natural line of cleavage, along which it may be split by a sharp blow with a cutting edge. y;\m1o2
A fully cut 'brilliant' diamond has 58 facets, or faces, regularly arranged. For cutting or faceting, the stones arc fixed into copper holders and held against a wheel, edged with a mixture of Oil and fine diamond dust, which is revolved at about 2,500 revolutions a minute. Amsterdam and Antwerp, in Holland and Belgium respectively, have been the centre of the diamond cutting and polishing industry for over seven centuries. tj'xjX
The jewel value of brilliant diamonds depends greatly on their colour, or `water' as it is called. The usual colours of diamonds are white, yellow, brown, green or blue- Surrounding rocks and take on their color. thus black ,red and even bright pink diamonds have occasionally been found. J1s~w`,
The trade in diamonds Is not only in the valuable gem stones but also in the industrial diamonds mentioned above. Zaire produces 70% of such stones. They are fixed into the rock drills used in mining and civil engineering, also for edging band saws for cutting stone. Diamond-faced tools are used for cutting and drilling glass and fine porcelain and for dentists' drills. They are used as bearings in watches and other finely balanced instruments. Perhaps you own some diamonds without knowing it--in your wristwatch! 1*aO2dOq
71. 'Carbonado' is the name given to & t.G4
A) only the very best diamonds B) lumps of pure carbon ]ZMFK>"^%
C) Spanish diamonds D) diamonds made up of many small crystals )Ja&Y
72. The art of cutting and polishing precious stones remained crude until W0I)< S
A) the fourteenth century B) the fifteenth century K9HXy*y49
C) the sixteenth century D) the seventeenth century !y$:}W?_
73. During faceting, diamonds are held in copper holders cXd?48O
A) to facilitate accurate cutting B) to make them shine more brilliantly ? PI2X.6
C) so that they can revolve more easily D) as a steel holder might damage the diamond fi,h`mdT?
74. The value order of `water' in diamond, _ ;
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A) is more important than their colour B) ranges from blue-white upwards 5r)]o'?s
C) ranges from blue-white downwards D) has never been reliably established {f
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75. Industrial diamonds are used 7'g{:dzS*3
A) for a wide range of purposes B) mainly for dentists' drills Q,m&XpZ
C) for decoration in rings and watches D) principally in mass-produced jewellery rRQKW_9mB
Passage Two 8Y,imj\(v
Just about everyone knows the meaning of `value" though you'd never know it from the excesses of the Eighties. Clever campaigns often allowed marketers to charge more for their product and reap ever-higher profits. It worked like a dream until suddenly, facing difficult economic times, consumers work up. Now, to the extent that they're buying, many consumers are choosing the car that delivers the most for the money--not necessarily the one they coveted as a status symbol a few years ago, they are shifting to the toothpaste that works from the ones with it slickest promotions. Companies that understand this new consumer have come up wit something new: "value marketing". 0! W$Cz[
A word of caution is necessary. In marketing, watchwords quickly metamorphos into buzzwords--and value is no exception. We're not taping about ads that merely boast of a product's value or even such legitimate sates tools as price cuts and discount: Used correctly, value marketing amounts to much more than just stashing prices distributing coupons. It means giving the customer an improved product, with adds, features and enhancing the role of marketing itself: MS~+P'
In value marketing, marketing becomes part of the system for delivering value t( the consumer. Instead of merely shaping image, such a program might offer enhance guarantees or longer warranties, ads that educate rather than hype, membership club: that build loyalty, frequent-buyer plans, improved communications with customer. through 800 numbers, or package design that makes the product easier to use or more environmentally friendly. +V `*
These and other value-marketing techniques can be expensive. They can tncar added production and marketing costs added to lower unit prices, Even so, the principle involved in value marketing value for money, an improved product, enhanced =Nice, and added features--are just %fiat U_S_ business needs to enhance its competitiveness in the global marketplace. That's why it will be all to the good if the commonsensical virtues of value marketing become part of the permanent strategy of U.S. business. T&q0TBT
76. Consumers have waken up because of Wb%t6N?
A) the poor products they bought B) the high price they paid for what they bought YAsE,M+
C) the difficult economic times D) a horrible dream a/{M2
77. Many consumers are choosing the commodities P?o|N<46
A) that are precious B) that are warranted | zy
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C) that can show their status D) that deliver the most for the money nJhaI
78. In the 1980s, people would like to go after the products ~QngCg-5q
A) that were most expensive B) that were up-to-date V sQ~Y,7
C) that could show their status D) that were in fashion i}gsxq%
79. Communications with customers malj be improved O63:t$Yx#
A) through annual customers congress B) through ton free 800 numbers }pJLK\
C)through membership clubs D) through frequent education EXEB A&*
80. A value marketing program may not include !Z!X]F-fY
A)daily visits to customers B)longer warranties KQTv5|$?
C)membership clubs D)environmentally friendly packages $]<wQH/?_
Passage Three )>(ZX9diV
Great emotional and intellectual resources are demanded in quarrels; stamina helps, as does a capacity for obsession. But no one is born a good quarreller; the craft must be learned. XI\P#"
There are two generally recognised apprenticeships. First, and universally preferred, is a long childhood spent in the company of fractious siblings. After several years of rainy afternoons, brothers and sisters develop a sure feel for the tactics of attrition and the niceties of strategy so necessary in first-rate quarrelling. 'w8p[h
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The only child, or the child of peaceful or repressed households, is likely to grow up failing to understand that quarrels, unlike arguments, arc not about an)1hing, least of all the pursuit of truth. The apparent subject of a quarrel is a mere pretext; the real business is the quarrel itself. =$-+~
Essentially, adversaries in a quarrel are out to establish or rescue their dignity. I fence the elementary principle: anything may be said. The unschooled, probably no less quarrelsome by inclination than anyone else, may spend an hour with knocking heart, sifting the consequences of roiling this old acquaintance a lying fraud. Too late! With a cheerful wave the old acquaintance has left the room. 2_GbK-
Those who miss their first apprenticeship may care to enrol in the second, the bad marriage. This can be perilous for the neophyte; the mutual intimacy of spouses makes them at once more vulnerable and more dangerous in attack. Once sex is involved, the stakes are higher all round. And there is an unspoken rule that those who love, or have loved, one another are granted a licence for unlimited beastliness such as is denied to mere sworn enemies. For all that, some of our most tenacious black belt quarrellers have come to it late in fife and mastered every throw, from the Crushing Silence to the Gloating Apology, in less than ten years of marriage. gVI{eoJ
A quarrel may last years. Among brooding types Kith time on their hands, like writers, half a lifetime is not uncommon. In its most refined form, a quarrel may consist of the participants not talking to each other. They will need to scheme laboriously to appear in public together to register their silence. eL_Il.:
Brief, violent quarrels are also known as rows. In all cases the essential ingredient remains the same; the original cause must be forgotten as soon as possible. From here on, dignity, pride, self-esteem, honour ate the crucial issues, which is why quarrelling„ like jealousy, is an all-consuming business, virtually a profession. For the quarreller's very self-hood is on the fine. To lose an argument is a brief disappointment, much like losing a game of tennis; but to be crushed in a quarrel ... rather bite off your tongue and spread it at your opponent's feet. U
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81. Unschooled quarrellers are said to be at a disadvantage because
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A) their insults fail to offend their opponent B) they reveal their nervousness to their opponent O_ d[{e=5`
C) they suffer from remorse for what they've said D) they are apprehensive about speaking their minds ctMH5"F&1
82. According to the writer, quarrels between married couples may be_-__ N}ZBtkR
- A) physically violent B) extremely IYitter -<l2 $&KS
C) essentially trivial D) sincerely regretted Vr:`?V9Q2(
83.when quarrelling both children and married couples may, according to the writer mRIBE9K+&
A) be particularly brutal B) use politeness as a weapon 4+J>/ xiZ
C) employ skillful manoeuvres D) exaggerate their feelings 8?LHYdJ
84. The difference between a quarrel and an argument is said to be that tz9"#=}0
A) the former involves individual egos B) the former concerns strong points of view abw5Gz@Ag
C) the latter has well-established miles D) the latter concerns trivial issues )fl+3!tq
85. In the passage as a whole, the writer treats quarrelling as if it were }`y%*--
A) a military campaign B) a social skill _9y!,ST
C) a moral evil D) a natural gilt FE dFGT
Passage Four 7U!-_)n{
`I just couldn't do it. I don't know what it is. It's not embarrassment. No that's not it. You see, you're putting your head in a noose; that's what it seems to me.' Derek am armed robber with a long record of bank jobs, was talking about hoisting (shop-lifting). `No I just couldn't do it. I mean just going in there.' He paused to try to fund a more exact way of fixing; his antipathy. `I tell you what. It's too blatant for my liking.' >U)>~SQf
It seemed a fanny way to put it. Pushing a couple of ties in your pocket at a shop was hardly the last word in extroversion, and even a bit on the discreet side when compared to all that firing of shotguns and vaulting over counters which made up the typical bank raid. "hnvND4=
But my ideas of shop-lifting were still bound up with teenage memories of nicking packets of chewing gum from the local newsagents. A lot of guilt and not much loot_ After a few conversations with professional holsters, I realised that `blatant' was just about right. .=zBUvy
Nobody took a couple of ties they took the whole rack. The fast member of the gang would walk in nice and purposefully. Their job was to set up the goods: perhaps put an elastic bawd round the ends of a few dozen silk scarves; move the valuable pieces of jewellery nearer the edge of the counter; slide the ties on the rack into a compact bunch. Then, wine somebody else diverts the assistant or provides some fort of masking, the third member lifts the lot /vI"v4
If the walk to the door is a little long, then there mm be someone else to take over for the last stretch. No one is in possession for more than a few seconds, and there's always a couple of spare bodies to obstruct any one who seems to be getting too near the carrier. 0ev='v8?
Store detectives who move forward with well-founded suspicions may still find themselves clutching empty air. Store detectives watch for three main give-sways: am- sort of loitering which looks different from the usual hanging around and dithering that characterises the real customer; any covert contact between individuals %N-ho %v shown no other sign of knowing each other, any over-friendliness towards sales staff which might be acting as a distraction. 'There's one other little angle', said one detective. 'l often pop round the back stairs; that's where you'll occasionally find one of them; trying to relax and get themselves in the right mood before starting the next job.' j&[u$P*K
86. The bank robber wouldn't consider shop-lifting because 3e9UD N2
A) it was beneath his dignity B) the penalties were too high jLn|zK
C) it wasn't challenging enough D) the risks were too great B,] AfH
87. The writer's experience led rum to think that most shop-lifters 3+&k{UZjt
A) were I their teens B) stole modest amounts &