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中国海洋大学考博英语真题2005

中国海洋大学2005博士英语真题 c{j0A;XMS  
PART Cloze (15) Bya!pzbpr  
Directions: There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Readthe passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrasemarked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Blacken the correspondingletter of the word or phrase you have chosen on your Answer Sheet. gQ*0Mk  
At least since the Industrial Revolution,gender roles have been in a state of transition. As ;y?,myO  
a result, culturalscripts about marriage have Undergone change. One of the more obvious 1 1P4jdp=~  
has occurred in theroles that women 2 Women have moved into the world of workand have bzmT.!  
become adept atmeeting expectations in that arena,3 maintaining their familyroles .of iy8U rgG;l  
nurturing andcreating a (n) 4 that is a haven for all family members. 5 manywomen VZJs@qx:Z  
experience strainfrom trying to "do it all," they often enjoy .the increased 6 thatcan result }7vX4{Yn  
from playingmultiple roles. As women's roles havechanged, changing expectations about Q5iuK#/  
men's roles havebecome more 7 . Many men are relinquishing their majorresponsibility 8 (eN\s98)/  
the familyprovider. Probably the most significant change in men's roles, however, is inthe \Btv76*,  
emotional 9 offamily life. Men are increasingly 10 tomeet the emotional needs of their H__9%p#  
families, 11 theirwives. y-{^L`%Mk  
Infact, expectations about the emotional domain of marriage have become moresignificant for marriage in general.刀攀猀攀愀爀攀栀 on 12 marriage has changed over recent aecadespoints to the increasing, importance of the emotional side of-the relationship, and the importance of sharing in the eemotion work" 13 to nourish marriages and other familyrelationships. Men and women want to experience marriages that areinterdependent, 14 both partners nurture each other, attendand respond to each other, and encourage and promote each other. We are thus seeing marriages in which men'sand women's roles are becoming increasingly more 15 . Se* GR"Z+  
1. A. incidentsB. changes C.results D. effects A5+vzu^  
2. A. takeB. do C. play D. show ~j mHzF kQ  
3. A. by B. while C. hence D. thus nvxftbfE^D  
4. A. home B. garden C.愀爀攀渀愀 D. paradise s*:J=+D]G  
5. A. When B: Even though C. Since D. Nevertheless goeWZO  
6. A. rewards B. profits C.瀀爀椀瘀椀氀攀最攀猀 D. incomes X&t)S?eCos  
7. A. general B. acceptable C. popular D. apparent >"B95$x5  
8. A. as B. of C. from D. for Z= dEk`  
9. A. sectionB constituent: C. domainD. point _UYt  
10. A.encouraged B. expected C. advised D. predicted +o!".Hp  
11. A. not tomention B. as well as CincludingD. especially . 0eQyzn*98  
12. A. how B. what C. why D. if f$N udG!S  
13 A. butB. only. C. enough D. necessary k(><kuJ`3  
14. A. unless B. although C. where D. because  ]k_@F6 A  
15. A.pleasant B. important C. similar D. manageable x;l\#x/<  
PART Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (30) Gb<)U[Hfd  
Directions: Thereare 5 reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinishedstatements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and markyour answer on 琀栀攀 ANSWER SHEET by blackening thecorresponding letter in the brackets. 7Nw7a;h  
Passage 1  "C B*  
The first navigational lights in the NewWorld were probably lanterns hung at harbor entrances. The fast lighthouse wasput tip by Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1716 on Little Brewster Island at theentrance to Boston Harbor. Paid forand maintained by "light dues"levied on ships, the original beacon was blown up in 1776. By then there wereonly a dozen or so true lighthouses in the colonic. Little over a century later,there were 700 lighthouses. # h]m8  
The first eight erected on the West Coast inthe 1850's featured the same basic New England design: a Cape Cod dwelling withthe tower rising from the center or standing close by. In New England andelsewhere, though., lighthouses reflected a Variety of architectural styles.Since most stations in the Northeast were built.on rocky eminences, enormoustowers were not the rule. Some were made of stone and brick, others "ofwood or metal. Some stood on pilings or stilts: some were fastened to rock withiron rods. "Farther south, from Marylandthreugh the Florida Keys, thecoastwas low and sandy. It was often necessary to戀甀椀氀搀 tall towers there -- massive structures like the majestic CapeHatteras. North Carolina. lighthouse, which was lit in 1870. At 190 feet it isthe tallest brick lighthouse in the country. M&~3fRb 4  
NOt withstanding differences in appearanceand construction, mostAmerican lighthouses shared several features: a light,living quarters, and sometimes a bell ( or, later; a foghorn). They alsohad something else in common: a keeperand, usually, the keeper's family. Thekeeper's essential task was trimming the lantern wick in order to maintain asteady, bright flame. The earliestkeepers came from every walk of life --- they were seamen, farmers, mechanics,rough mill hands -- and appoint ments were often handed out by local customscommissioners as political plums. After the administration of lighthouses wastaken over in 1852 by the United States Lighthouse Board, an agency of. theTreasury Department, the keeper corps gradually became highly professional. A}FEM[2  
16 What is the best tide for the passage? LXG,IG  
A. The Lighthouse on Little BrewsterIsland A jr]&H4  
B: The Life of a Lighthouse Keeper 嬀/size] ~#&bDot  
C.Early Lighthouses .in the United States 3lqR(Hh3  
D. The Modem Profession ofLighthouse-Keeping嬀/size] m\__Fl  
17. Why does the author mention theMassachusetts Bay Colony? GNA:|x  
A. It was. the headquarters of the UntiedStates Lighthouse Board. {^1GHU  
B. Many of the tauest.lighthouses werebuilt there. p}hOkx4R\  
C. The first lantern wicks were developedthere. ><viJ$i  
D. The first lighthouse in North Americawas built there. "@RLS~Ej  
18. It can beinferred from the passage that lighthouses in the Northeast did not need hightowers because . |Ma"B4  
A. ship there had high masts B. coastal waters were safe &7!&]kA+  
C. the coast was straight and unobstructed r;t0+aLc*  
D. the lighthouse were built on highplaces DmM<Kkg.J  
19. According tothe passage, where can the tallest brick lighthouse in the United States befound? FylL7n  
A, Little Brewster Island B. The Florida Keys DF-`nD  
C. Cape Hatteras D. Cape cod 5vj;lJKcd`  
20. In the secondsentence of paragraph 3 , which of the following does the word "They"refer to? 9w^1/t&=04  
A.Lighthouses B.Differences C. QuartersD. Features \]e"#"v}}_  
Passage 2 Q9H~B`\nQ  
Every living thing has an inner biologicalclock that controls behavior. The clock works all the time even when there areno outside signs to mark the passing of time. The biological dock k, &*d4  
tells plants whento form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells insects when to 5m!FtHvm1  
leave theprotective cocoon and fly away. And it tells animals when to eat, sleep andwake. It F=U3o=-:  
controls bodytemperature, the release of some hormones and even dreams.these natural daily QU_O9 BN  
events arecircadian rhythms. o;.PZi2k  
Man has known about them for thousands ofyears. But the first scientific observation of .8S6;xnkC  
Circadian rhythmswas not made until 1729. In that year French astronomer. Jean-Jacques cu5Yvp  
d'Ortous de Mairan,noted that one of his plants opened its leaves at the same time every s9>f5u?dK  
morning, and closedthem at the same time every night. The plant did this even when he kept &u( eu'Q3  
it in a dark placeall the time. Later scientists wondered about circadian rhythms .in humans. ;|6kFBGC"+  
They learned thatman's biological clock actually keeps time with-a day of-a litde less than 25 1P:r=Rt/  
hours instead ofthe 24 hours On a man-made clock. About four years ago an American doctor, EYtf>D  
Eliot. Weitzman,established a laboratory to study how our biological clock works. The people in  ^E*W B~  
his experiments areshut off from the outside world. They are free to listen to and live by their l5F>v!NA  
circadian rhythms.Dr. Weitzman hopes his research will lead to effective treatments for Fq>=0 )  
common sleepproblems and sleep disorders caused by aging and mental illness. The laboratoryis W+-a@)sh3Q  
in the MontefloreHospital in New York City. It has two living areas with three small rooms in y.AVH`_u  
each. The windowsare covered, so no sunlight or moonlight comes in. There are no radios or swJ3_WhbdT  
televisionreceivers. There is a control room between the living areas. It contains computers, la:i!q AH  
one-way cameras andother electronic devices for observing the person in the living area; The l2QO\O I9m  
instruments measureheartbeat, body temperature, hormones in the blood, other substances in ||a 5)D  
the urine and brainwaves during sleep. A doctor or medical technician is on duty in the control r|wB& PGW  
room 24 hours a dayduring an experiment They do not work the same time each day and are not _-eF &D  
permitted to wearwatches, so the person in the laboratory has no idea what time it is. In the "jqC3$DKI  
first four years ofresearch, Dr Weitzman and his assistant have observed 16 men between the <NZ^*]  
ages of 21 and 80.The men remained in the laboratory for as long as six months. Last month, k~Qb"6n2  
a science reporterfor The New York Times newspaper, Dava Sobol, became the first woman to c Q:.V  
tare part in theexperiment. She entered the laboratory on June 13th and stayed for 25 days. KKP}fN  
Miss Sobol wrotereports about the experiment during that time, which were published in the Vw.c05x  
Newspaper. fmyyQ|]O"  
21. The biologicalclock is believed to play an essential role in ngJi;9X8*t  
A. the regulation of body temperature B. thesecretion of hormones _Mq0QQ42  
C.animal reproduction D. many aspects ofplant and animal physiology , v'nM=   
22 In hisobservation, the French scientist noticed that the leaves of a certain plantmaintained Rj 2N+59rg  
its opening-and-closing cycles ^HYmi\`  
A. even when it was kept in a murky placeall day  SbQ Ri  
B.攀瘀攀渀 if it was placed in the moonlight BayO+,>K  
C. even when he was observing it from a darkplace \?uaHX`1  
D. even during the night time y57]q#k  
23 The sentence "They are free to listen toand live by their circadian rhythms. " (In eFDhJ  
Paragraph 4) probably means jY>|>]4X  
A. They can leadtheir daily lives according to their biological clocks, without referring to aman-made clock. ~wG.'d]  
B. They can listen to the wonderfulrhythms of the biological clock and live close to them, Ncr38~;w  
C. They can live by regulating their.owncircadian rhythms~ #eSVFD5ZU  
D. They are free from the annoyingrhythms of everyday life. (O{5L(  
24. In the experiment conducted by Mr. Weitzman,the doctor who is.on duty does not work Lt ; !q b.  
the same time each day E*VUP 5E  
A. in order to observe the abnormalbehavior of the people at different times 62lG,y_L  
B. so as not to he recognized by thepeople :Awnj!KNCc  
C.so as to avoid indicating to the people what time it is when he starts work M`IiK+IoU  
D. so as to leave the people's circadianrhythms in disorder rmpx8C Y"  
25.圀栀愀琀 is Mr. Weitzman's ultimate purpose of establishing a laboratory? _~!*|<A_  
A. He wanted, to have his experimentreport published in the. newspapers vlYDhjZk#  
B. People are free to listen to and liveby their circadian rhythms FlJ(V  
C. He wanted to find a way to treatpeople's diseases-. =f'MiU!p6  
D. He could gain some reputation for thefirst scientific observation of circadian wn*<.s  
26.Miss Sobo1 left the laboratory V_Z~$  
A. on June 13th B. on June 25th C. at the end of June D. on July 7th w?_y;&sbR  
passage 3 .. 0v6(A4Y  
There is confused notion in the minds ofmany persons, that the gafhering of the property klHOAb1  
漀昀 the poor into the hands of the rich does noultimate harm, since in who,sever hands it may be, v%Rc wVt|  
椀琀 must be spent at last, and thus, theythink, return to the poor again. This .fallacy has been v_Om3i9$E  
愀最愀椀渀 and again exposed; but granting the pleatrue, the same apology may, of course, be made Mazjn?f  
昀漀爀 blackmail; or any other form of robbery.It might be (though practically it never is) as RqTW$94RD  
愀搀瘀愀渀琀愀最攀漀甀猀 for the nation that the ~robbershould have the spending of the money he extorts, as that the person robbedshould have spent it. But thisis no excuse for the theft. If I were to put ""`> v`\  
愀 turnpike on the road where it passes my owngate, and endeavor to exact a shilling from every p x;X}Cd  
瀀愀猀猀攀渀最攀爀, the public would soon do away withmy gate, without listening to arty pleas on my ' k~'aZ  
瀀愀爀琀 that it was as advantageous to them, inthe end, that I should spent their shillings, as that uv*OiB"  
they themselvesshould. But if, instead of outfacingthem with a turnpike, I can only persuade Bi?.w5  
琀栀攀洀 to come in and buy stones, or old iron,or any "other useless thing, out of my ground, I :`BZ,j_  
may rob them to thesame extent and, moreover, be, thanked as a public benefactor and promoter @kU{  
of commerCialprosperity. And. this main question forthe poor of England-for the poor of all MGn:Gj"d  
countriesis whellyomitted in every treastise on the subject of wealth. Even by the laborers `jY*0{  
themselves, theoperation of capital is regarded 0nlY in its effect on their immediateinterests, hDc, #~!  
never in the farmore terrific power of-its appointment .of the kind and the object-of labor, It 0gNwC~IA8  
matters little,"ultimately, how much a laborer is paid for making anything, but itmatters x Lht6%o*  
fearfully what thething is which..he is compelled to make, If his labor is so ordered as toproduce n"B"Aysz  
food,, fresh air,and fresh water, no matter that his wages are low; the food and the flesh air e6 s-;  
and water will beat last there, and he will at last get them_ But if he is paid to destroy foodand a&YD4DQ05  
fresh air, or toproduce iron bars instead of them, the food and.air will finally not be there,and =x "N0p  
he will not getthem, to his great and final inconvenience. So that, conclusively, in politicalas in FG8genCH@  
household economy,the great question is, not so much what money you have in your pocket, as wc-H`S|@  
what you will buyWith it and do with it. 9:0JWW^so  
27. We may infer that the author probably livedin the . b6=.6?H@4f  
A. 1960's in the United States. B. early days of British industrialization. )fSQTbB;0  
C. 18th-century France. D. Golden Age of Greece. xM85^B'  
28. It can beinferred that the author probably favors . eK\ O>  
A. capitalism. B. totalitarianism. C. socialism.D. anarchism. 31mY]Jve"  
29. According.tothe passage, the individual should be particularly concerned with . :HhLc'1Jw  
A. how much wealth he can accumulate. `T  $lTP  
B. the acquisition of land propertyrather than money. ' u->UV:u  
C.charging the customer a fair price. {xr!H-9ZAA  
D. the quality of goods Which he putchases with his funds. R{S{N2+p(  
E. working as hard as possible. lPm'>, }Y  
3 0 The passageimplies that . _QCspPT' c  
A. "All's well that ends Well." B. "It is getter late than never." -[OGZP`8  
C. "He who steals my purse stealstrash." D. "None but the bravedeserve the fair." 88Yp0T<1  
3 1. It can be inferred that in regard to theaccumulation of wealth the author 5}gcJjz  
A. equates the rich with the thief. Ty\&ARjb 8  
B. indicates that there are few honestbusinessmen.  !pl<  
C. condones sortie dishonesty inbusiness dealings. p"ht|x  
D. believes destruction of-property isgood because it creates consumer demand. <x DD*u  
32 What is the "main question for thepoor" referred to~by the author in the passages? \>nPg5OT  
A . the use to which the laborer canput his money. Bn*D<<{T  
B .the methods by which capital may beaccumulated. <jU[&~p  
C. the results" of their work andtheir lack of authority to determine to What ends their work .shall be put. UzFd@W u#  
D. whether full-measure ofrecompense shall be accorded to the laboring-person for |0n h  
the investment of his time in,worthy work. (qHI>3tpY  
33. According tothe views expressed in the passage, people should be happiest doing {y=H49  
which of following? HB`u@9le  
A. mining ore for the manufacture ofweapons. mzTF2K  
B. cleaning sewage ponds at atreatment plant. \p1H" A  
C. waiting tables for a rich man. )K>XLaG)  
D. helping a poor man do his job. \^SL Zhe  
34. The author of the above passage wouldprobably re_act to an energy shortage-by mIq6\c$  
A. blaming the rich for the problem. HH+NNSRO  
B. urging that energy be used moreefficiently and effectively. By6C+)up  
C. supporting the search for more oil, coal,and other energy-pro-ducing, mineral KbVV[ *  
deposits. =K{$?%"  
D. dehying that there is really any shortageat all. K$(&Qx}  
E. fomenting revolution by the poor. !TP8LQ  
倀愀猀猀愀最攀 4 ' ^gF  
No very satisfactory account of themechanism that caused the formation of the ocean basins has yet been given. Thetraditional view supposes that the upper mantle of the earth behaves as aliquid when it is subjected to small forces f0r long periods and thatdifferences in temperature under oceans and continents are sufficient toproduce convection inthe mantle of the earth with rising convection currentsunder the mid-ocean ridges and sinking currents under the continents.Theoretically this convection would carry the continental plates along asthough they were on a .conveyor belt and would provide the forces needed toproduce the split that occurs along the ridge. This view may be correct; it has the advantage that the currents aredriven by gE(QVbh(  
temperaturedifferences that themselvesdepend on the position of the moving'plate has animpact l*("[?>I  
on the forces thatmove it, could produce complicated and varying motions. }Y[Z`w  
On the other hand, the theory isimplausible because convection does not normally occur u*{hXR-"  
愀氀漀渀最 lines, and it certainly does not occuralong lines broken by frequent offsets or changes in _WtX8  
搀椀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀, as the ridge is. Also it isdifficult to see how the theory applies to the plate between  IPa08/  
琀栀攀 Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the ridge in theIndian Ocean. This plate iS growing on both sides RfDIwkpp  
and since there isno intermediate trench, the two ridges must be moving apart; It would be odd 6#6Ve$Vl]  
if the risingconvection currents kept exact pace with ~them: An alternative theory is thatthe k=H{gt  
sinking part of theplate, which is denser than the hotter surrounding mantle, pulls the rest of $&nF1HBI4  
the plate after it.Again it is difficult to see how this applies to the ridge in the SouthAtlantic, %~J90a  
where neither theAfrican nor the American plate has a sinking part. :ZL;wtT  
Another possibility is that the sinkingplate Cools the neighboring mantle and produces convection currents that movethe plates. This last theory is attractive because it gives some hope ofexplaining the enclosed seas, such as the Sea of Japan. These seas have atypical oceanic floor except that the floor is overlaid by several kilometersof sediment. Their floors have probably been Sinking for.long periods. It seemspossible that a sinking current of cooled mantle material onthe upper side ofthe plate might be the cause of such deep basins. The enclosed seas are animportant feature of the earth's surface and seriously require 'explanationbecause, in addition to the enclosed seas flint are devdoping at present behindisland ares, there are a number of older ones of possibly similar origin, suchas the Gluf of Mexico, the Black Sea, and perhaps the North Sea. UF=5k~7<b  
35. According to the traditionalview of the origin of the oceanbasins which of the following is sufficient tomove the continental plates? X_+`7yCi"x  
A. Increases in sedimentation on oceanfloors. ~ygiKsD6b  
B. Spreading of ocean trenches. 7!hL(k[  
C. Differences in temperature underoceans and continents. 7'7bIaJk  
D. Sinking of ocean basins. Ud^+a H  
36. It can heinferred from the passage that, of the following, the deepest sediments would *:\-:*  
be found in the 9 }|Bs=q  
A. Indian Ocean. B. Black Sea.C. Mid-Atlantic. D. SouthAtlantic. g$ ZgR)q  
37. The authorrefers to a "conveyor belt" in order to LPb43  
A. illustrate the effects of convectionin the mantle. LTS3 [=AB  
B. show how temperature differencesdepend, on the positions of the continents M3K+;-n^  
C. demonstrate the linear nature of theMid-Atlantic Ridge. [{6]i J  
D. describe the complicated motions madepossible by back-coupling. \yNjsG@,  
38. The authorregards the traditional view of the origin of the oceans with Hlp!6\gukp  
A. slight apprehension. B. absolute indifference. *W y0hnr;]  
C. guarded skepticism. D. complete disbelief. dE_BV=H{  
39. According tothe passage, which of the following are separated by a plate that is Ig"Krz  
growing on bothsides? ]x:>~0/L  
A. The Pacific Ocean and: the Sea of Japan. kGc;j8>."  
B. The South Atlantic Ridge and the NorthSea Ridge. +Nv&Qu%  
C. The Gulf of Mexico and the South AtlanticRidge. Ko\m8\3?fK  
D. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the IndianOcean Ridge. 6|X  
40Which of the following,椀昀 it could be demonstrated, would most support the ?qAX *j  
traditional view ofocean formation Z$X2*k6PK  
A. Convection usually occurs along lines. bd_U%0)pi1  
B. The upper mantle behaves as a densesolid. [ 8N1tZ{`  
C. Sedimentation occurs at a constant rate. !lm^(SS v  
D. Sinking plates cool the mantle. ppR~e*rv-  
41. According tothe passage, the floor of the Black Sea can best be compared to a vpv PRwJ  
A. rapidly moving covey or belt. ;.V 5:,&  
B. slowly Settling foundation. 7F4$k4r<  
C. rapidly expanding balloon: E+dr\Xhv  
D. violently erupting volcano. qXt2m  
42. Which of thefollowing titles would best describe the content of the passage? 1N x%uz  
A. A Description of the Oceans of theWorld. f6PXcV  
B. Several Theories of Ocean BasinFormation.. WfhQi ;r  
C. The Traditional View of the Oceans. ZWG$MFEjl  
D. Temperature Differences AmongtheOceans of the World. IxYuJpi  
Passage 5 WU Q2[)<  
In 1921, leading investigators in the.field of intelligenee, participating in a symposium, R/~j <.s3P  
"Intelligence and Its.Measurement", sponsored by the Journal of 'Educational Psychology, i :&Y{iPQp  
defined the title concept, producing almost as .many defintions as therewere definers, but KG'4;Z5J  
reached no consensus. One contemporaryobserver was prompted to quip that intelligence seemed merely to be thecapacity to do well on an intelligence test..Now, sixty years later, thesituation seems little changed. As Yale'S Robert J. Steinberg, an influential cognitivepsychologist, warns, "If we are to seek genuine understanding of therelationship between natural intelligence and measured intelligence (IQ), thereis one route that clearly will not lead us to the heart of the problem and thatwe must avoid at all costs. This route is defining away (rather than Kk!D|NKLC  
搀攀昀椀渀椀渀最) intelligence as whatever it is thatIQ tests measure. m qPWCFP  
The dominant approach followed by researchersattempting to define intelligence has been昀愀挀琀漀爀 analysis, a statistical method that examines mental ability testscores with an eye to 6G/)q8'G  
搀椀猀挀攀爀渀椀渀最 constellations of test scores thatare closely related to each other.. The underlying }z,4IHNn  
琀栀攀猀椀猀 is that where a correlation appearsamong the scores of many people on tests of different 2xni! *T+  
洀攀渀琀愀氀 abilities, a single factor ofintelligence must be common to performance on those tests. }{ pNasAU  
Charles Spearman, originator of factoranalysis, held that two kinds of factors form the basis of intelligence ageneral factor and specffic factors. Subsequent theorists divided the generalfactor into two or more sub-factors, the two most generally agreed upon beingverbal, educational and practical-mechanical abilities. Factor analysis haslisted many discrete mental abilities and produced models that show how theycombine, hut it has not suggested how these abilities work, nor has it beenproductive in dealing with adaptational ability Or practical problem solving. - tF5$pb'  
A more recent approach is process analysisor information processing, whose thrust of test r1}OlVbK  
performance.Process analysts, says Dr. Sternberg, donot reject the findings of factoranatysls \kzxt/Ow  
but rather, seek" to supplement our understanding of the factors of intelligence with anunderstanding of the processes that are responsible at least in part for thegeneration of these Pgr>qcbql  
factors as sourcesof individual difference. " m589C+7  
The counterpart of the factor as a unit ofanalysis is the component, described by Dr. <gZC78}E  
Sternberg as"an elementary information process that operates upon internalrepresentations of PP [{ c  
objects or symbols." Componential studies have been subjected to statistical"analysis,and the s+yBxgQ/  
findings haveclarified how certain tasks are performed. However, like factor analysis,process 00%$?Fyk  
analysis has so farprovided few insights into practical problem solving and adaptation to real EqUiC*u8{I  
wormenvironments. Dr. Sternberg-hopes that the application ofcomponential analysis to $$A{|4,aI  
simulations of realworld .task performance will contribute to an understanding of how intelligenceoperated in that area of human activity. 6.EfM^[  
Some in the field say that identifyingfactors and prcesses is worthwhile, but that doingso will not lead to adefinition of intelligence. These critics warn that the models produced by suchresearch may become the basis for some future statementthat intelligence iswhat the models model. Vhz?9i6|g^  
43. It can beinferred from.the first paragraph that `;hsOfo  
A. no progress has been made in the Studyof intelligence since 1921. bNevHKS  
B. intelligence is the capacity-to do wellin an intelligence test. $*xnq%A  
C. Robert J. Sternberg was one of the participants in the1921 symposium, "Intelligence andIts Measurement". KVtnz  
D. psychologists have not yet arrived at agenerally accepted definition of intelligence. , y{o!w  
44The author's primary purpose in the passage is to +_F siu_b  
A .prove that factor analysis, provides adefinitive explanation of the various skills }}cVPB7   
which make up intelligence~:. . . b\U Q6 V  
B. contrast the techniques of factoranalysis with.whose used in:process analysis. l"IBt:  
C. explain the most recent developments inthe field, of .cognitive theory. gO*cX&  
D. suggest that, despite the progress thathas been made, the true mature of ]B3 0d  
intelligence is not yet understood. xPQO}wKa  
45. According tothe passage, process, analysis u 6 la  
A. is fundamentally opposed to theconcept of factor analysis. {8@?9Z9R{  
B. has shed light on how intelligenceworks in the performance of certain tasks. udp&U+L  
C. has contributed to an-understandingof adaptational ability through the simulation A. U<  
of real-world task performance. '3[Ecy#  
D. concentrates on identifying thespecific factors that form the basis of intelligence. &^ =t%A%#  
46. It canbe.inferred that which of.the following represent (s) the kind of mentalactivity xfkG& &  
into which neither-factor anaIysis nor process analysis has provided much insight? @o9EX }  
I. The acquisition of vocabulary X2dTV}~i  
. Reading comprehension qAR~js`5  
.The selection of methods for achievinggoals ;L(W'+  
A. Ionly. B.II only. C. ouly.D. I and only. ef f6=DP  
47. According tothe passage, factor analysis "!E(= W?  
A. organizes mental processes andcomponents into a single factor of inteliigence. XLqS{r~?  
B. subjects mental ability test scores琀漀 statistical analysis to determine, the mC>7l7%  
correlations between the test ofdifferent mental abilities. UQ'D-e K  
C. simulates real-world problems in anattempt to isolate the factors that are common ukS@8/eJ  
to all problem-solving techniques. pUwx`"DrR  
D. arranges constellations of abilitiesinto patterns that are the basis for well-designed D*vrQ9&# 8  
intelligence tests. 4{CVBowi  
48. It can beinferred from the'passage that Dr.- Sternberg ~;UK/OZ  
A. favors the information processingapproach. ptb t  
B. disagrees with the factor analysisapproach. Y<w2_+(  
C.rejects the use Of simulations in componential analysis. i&mu=J[  
D. agrees with Charles Spearman's two-factortheory of intelligence. oF]0o`U&a  
49. Which of thefollowing is neither stated nor implied.in the passage? Ywr^uy1V,/  
A. The symposium " Intelligence and :ItsMeasurement." failed to .produce aconsensus. 0RtqqNFD  
B. In process analysis, the component isthe basic Unit of analysis. Y_Ej-u+>{  
C. The information processing approach hasthe greatest promise of providing an acceptable definition of intelligence. xzW]D0o0  
D. Neither process analysis nor factoranalysis has provided important insights into practical problem solving. T>vHZZiO  
50. Which of thefollowing titles best summarizes the content of the passage? 9y.C])(2  
A. Some Difficulties in DefiningIntelligence. #jA|04w  
B. Factorial Theory and Its Impact onCognitive Theory. kSB)}q6a  
C. The Effect of Information Processing onTest Performance. j\@s pbE@  
D. Recent Advances in the Field ofCognitive Thinking. +;:i,`Lmg  
PART Ⅲ吀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀 (A)  yZmQBh$  
Directions: Readthe following passage and translate the numbered sentences into Chinese. Writeyour answer on the ANSWER SHEET. CWCE}WU>4  
(1) Majorbreakthroughs were made in the reform aimed at establishing a socialist market `hM ]5;0  
economy; aframework for the new macro-control system was erected .preliminarily and the 7" Dw4}T  
fundamentalroleof the market in the allocation of resources was notably bolstered. r^WO$u|@i  
During the pastfive years, in accordance with the reform objectives defined by the 14thNational Congress of the CPC, the government took strides in promoting reformof the finance, taxation, dlJkxEh 2  
banking, foreignexchange, planning, pricing and investment and fund-raising systems..New g 4Vt"2 |  
financial andtaxation systems have been established and are functioning smoothly. Thefinancial s67$tlV  
resources of boththe central government and local governments have increased considerably. p7zHP  
(2) Non-commercialbanking has been preliminarily, separated from commercial banking, and thecentral bank is playing an increasingly important role in financial control,supervision and management. (3) A single, exchange rate for the RMB wassuccessfully introduced; the exchange rate of the RMB remained stable; and theRMB was made Convertible under current accounts. As planning regulationswhich were carried out mainly in the form of guidance plans constantlyimproved, and as the control over prices further relaxed, prices of anoverwhelming majority of consumer goods and means of production are now beingset by the market. As a result, the market is playing an increasingly evidentrote in augmenting supply, regulating demand and enriching people's lives. (4)In the reform of investment and fund-raising, we introduced a system whereby alegal person is held responsible for projects, a capital system and publicbidding system. 匀愀昀攀最甀愀爀搀猀 againstinvestment risks were gradually strengthened and enterprises had more channelsthrough which to raise funds. The reformof state-owned enterprises hasexperimentation. been intensified and椀猀 progressing steadily琀栀爀漀甀最栀 conscientious KM< M^l_Q  
(5) The direction objectives, guidingpolicies and priorities of the reform '(^p$=3|@D  
have beendefined. We have explored many means and have accumulated valuable experiencein 'e;*V$+  
tacklingdifficult points. jpm}EOq<%  
Part IV吀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀 (B)Directions:Translate the following chineseinto English.Writer your answer on theANSWER SHEET. o)"}DeV$&  
1. 世界上大多数城市,都在没有任何为城市发展拟订的合理计划下发展起来。现在越来 h-lMrI)U?h  
越多的市政府已认识到控制和指导发展的必要. &rcr])jg[  
2. 当敬老养老蔚然成风时,各个年龄层的人都会有一种安全感,每个人都有一天会 UO<uG#FB  
变老。如果人们确信老年时生活一定幸福安乐,就会全力以赴地投人工作。 #\%Gr tM  
3.速度是感觉不出来的。但是我们的判断力会使我们知道我们在运动。我们看见东 N4)& K[  
西在我们的身旁滑过,同时感觉到我们受到震动。 ={={ W  
4. 发展危机,特别是反映在发展中国家外债问题中的危机,是全球性经济不平衡的 a ^4(7  
令人震惊的表现。危机要求我们寻求创造性的解决办法。 9dqD(S#C;"  
PARTV Writing ( 20 ) ;PG'em  
Directions: In this.part, pleasewrite an essay of about 300 words on the topic "China in the 21 Centuryand Her Returning Scholars". You should base your essay on the followingoutline. ;u}MG3Y8  
1. Today, manycountrymen are returning after they finish their study abroad. 8V=I[UF.1?  
2. Reasons fortheir returning. 4zJ9bF4  
3. Significance oftheir returning both to China and to themselves. >tib21*  
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