复旦大学2008年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

复旦大学2008年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

Part I Vocabulary and Structure (15%)
Directions: Three are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet Ⅰ with a single line through the center.
1. Although it is only a small business, its _________ is surprisingly high.
A. turn-up B. turn-over C. turn-about D. turn-out
2. Unfortunately not all of us obtain our just _________ in this life.
A. demands B. gains C. deserts D. wins
3. That contract about which we had a disagreement last month, has now gone __________.
A. through B. down C. over D. around
4. The _______ of two houses proved such a financial burden that they were forced to sell one.
A. upsurge B. upshot C. upturn D. upkeep
5. _________ through the attic and see if you can find anything for the jumble sale.
A. Leash B. Rummage C. Flutter D. Scrape
6. How about a glass of orange juice to________ your thirst.
A. quash B. quell C. quench D. quieten
7. Because the children keep interrupting her whenever she reads a book, she is always ___________ her place.
A. missing B. slipping C. bothering D. losing
8. She was putting on her watch when the _________ broke and it fell to the ground.
A. belt B. string C. tie D. strap
9. I washed this dress and the color_________.
A. flowed B. escaped C. ran D. removed
10. The recent economic crisis has brought about a _________ in world trade.
A. sag B. tilt C. droop D. slump
11. Although we decorated the room only six months ago, the paint on the ceiling is already _________ because of the damp.
A. crumbling B. flaking C. disintegrating D. splintering
12. The false banknotes fooled many people, but they did not _________ to close examination.
A. put up B. keep up C. stand up D. look up
13. They were making enough noise at the party to wake the ___________.
A. dead B. living C. lunatic D. crippled
14. If you would like to send a donation, you can ________a cheque to the organization Feed the Children.
A. make up B. make for C. make out D. make off
15. The students visited the museum and spent several hours with the________, who was very helpful.
A. curator B. bursar C. commissioner D. steward
16. The accused man was able to prove his innocence at the trial and was __________.
A. absolved B. acquitted C. pardoned D. executed
17. Mary was extremely lucky: when her great-uncle died, she __________ a fortune.
A. came by B. came over C. came into D. came through
18. The drunken couple did nothing to keep the flat clean and tidy and lived in the utmost __________.
A. decay B. contamination C. squalor D. confinement
19. Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but _________ slightly in the afternoon.
A. recovered B. recuperated C. retrieved D. regained
20. He tries to __________ himself with everyone by paying them compliments.
A. please B. ingratiate C. placate D. remunerate
21. I was afraid to open the door lest the beggar _________ me.
A. followed B. were to follow C. follow D. would follow
22. By the end of the day the flood water which had covered most of the town had __________.
A. reversed B. retired C. returned D. receded
23. Educational policies made _________ the hoof by successive secretaries of state are the main reason for low teacher morale.
A. in B. on C. by D. along
24. It was obvious that he had been drinking far too much from the way he came_________ down the street.
A. toddling B. hobbling C. loping D. staggering
25. He was a generous friend but as a businessman he __________ a hard bargain.
A. dealt B. contracted C. drove D. faked
26. My friend’s son, who is a soldier, was delighted when he was __________ only a few miles from home.
A. placed B. stationed C. deported D. exorcized
27. In a coal-mining area, the land tends to __________causing damage to roads and buildings.
A. subside B. diminish C. confiscate D. cede
28. As the cat lay asleep, dreaming, whiskers __________.
A. twitched B. twisted C. jerked D. jogged
29. The total __________ from last month’s charity dance were far more than expected.
A. earnings B. acquisitions C. proceeds D. subsidies
30. The new manager had many difficulties to overcome but he __________them all in his stride.
A. overlooked B. obtained C. tackled D. took

Part II
Reading Comprehension (40%)
Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.

Passage 1

Resale Price Maintenance is the name used when a retailer is compelled to sell at a price fixed by the manufacturer instead of choosing for himself how much to add on to the wholesale price he pays for his supplies. This practice is associated with the sale of “branded” goods, which now form a very considerable proportion of consumers’ purchases, and it has led to a great deal of controversy.
Generally such articles are packed and advertised by the manufacturers, who try to create a special ‘image’ in the minds of possible purchasers—an image made up of the look of the article, its use, its price, and everything else which might lead purchasers to ask for that brand rather than any other. If a retailer is allowed to charge any price he likes he may find it worthwhile to sell one brand at ‘cut’ prices even though this involves a loss, because he hopes to attract customers to the shop, where they may be persuaded to buy many other types of goods at higher prices. The manufacturer of the brand that has been ‘cut’ fears that the retailer may be tempted to reduce the services on this article; but, even if he does not there is a danger that the customer becomes unsettled, and is unwilling to pay the ‘standard’ price of the article because he feels that he is being ‘done’. This may, and indeed often does, affect the reputation of the manufacturer and lose him his market in the long run.
It is sometimes said also that the housewife—who is the principal buyer of most of these goods—prefers a fixed price because she knows where she is and is saved the bother of going
from shop to shop in search of lower prices. If one shop cut all the prices of its branded goods she would undoubtedly have an advantage in shopping there. But this does not happen. A store usually lowers the price of one or two of its articles which act as a decoy and makes up its losses on others, and changes the cut-price articles from week to week so as to attract different groups of customers. And so the housewife may feel rather guilty if she does not spend time tracking down the cheaper goods. How far this is true is a matter of temperament and it is impossible to estimate what proportion of purchasers prefer a price that they can rely on wherever they choose to buy and what proportion enjoy the challenge involved in finding the store that offers them a bargain.

Those who oppose Resale Price Maintenance on the other hand, point out that there are now a great many different channels of distribution—chain stores, department stores, co-operative stores, independent or unit shops, supermarkets, mail-order houses, and so on. It would be absurd to assume that all of them have exactly the same costs to meet in stocking and selling their goods, so why should they all sell at the same price? If they were allowed to choose for themselves, the more efficient retailers would sell at lower prices and consumers would benefit. As it is, the retail price must be sufficient to cover the costs of the less efficient avenues of distribution and this means the others make a bigger profit than necessary at the expense of the public. The supporters of the fixed price argue that this is only half the story. The efficient trader can still compete without lowering his prices. He can offer better service—long credit, or quick delivery or a pleasant shop decor or helpful assistants—and can do this without imperiling the long-term interests of the manufacturer.
31. Manufactures oppose retailers cutting prices on their goods mainly because they think __________.
A. retailers may eventually stop selling their products
B. it may reduce customers’ confidence in their products
C. customers may feel uneasy when prices vary
D. it may sometimes lead to poor service
32 Supporters of the fixed price hold that an efficient trader can still make money without lowering prices by __________.
A. allowing customers time to pay
B. hiring assistants for long hours and low wages
C. advertising much more effectively
D. establishing long-term relations with manufactures
33. By saying “He feels that he is being ‘done’”, the author means that customer thinks__________.
A. someone is despising him B. someone is maltreating him
C. someone is blackmailing him D. someone is cheating him
34. “Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage?
A. Good service other than price is important in attracting customers.
B. An article without a brand name is not subject to Resale Price Maintenance.
C. Manufactures attempt to influence possible purchasers by making their products easy to identify.
D. Housewives prefer fixed prices because fixed prices are much less likely to fluctuate
35. The sentence “She knows where she is” in the third paragraph can be paraphrased as “__________”.
A. She knows her place B. She knows her stuff
C. She feels secure D. She feels intoxicated

Passage 2

He built a hut on a piece of rough land near a rock fall. In the wet season there was a plentiful stream, and over the years he encouraged the dry forest to surround him with a thick screen. The greener it became the easier it was to forget the outside. In time Melio (not without some terrible mistakes) learnt how to live in spite of the difficulties up on that mountain shelf.

His only neighbors were a family group of Parakana Indians who, for reasons known only to themselves, took a liking to Melio. Their Chief never looked closely at Melio and said to himself that this white man was as mad as a snake which chews off its own tail. The parakanas taught Melio to catch fish with the help of a wild plant which made them senseless in the stream. It gave off a powerful drug when shaken violently through the water. They showed him how to bunt by laying traps and digging. In time Melio’s piece of land became a regular farm. He had wild birds, fat long-legged ones and thin nearly featherless chickens, and his corn and salted fish was enough to keep him stocked up through the wet season.

The Parakanas were always around him. He’d never admit it but he could feel that the trees were like the bars of a prison; they were watching him. It was as if he was there by courtesy of the Chief. When they came to him, the Indians never entered his house, with its steeply sloping roof of dried grass and leaves. They had a delicate way of behaving. They showed themselves by standing in the shade of the trees at the clearing’s edge. He was expected to cross the chicken strip towards them. Then they had a curious but charming habit of taking a pace back from him, just one odd step backwards into their green corridors. Melio never could persuade them to come any closer.

The group guessed at Melio’s hatred for his civilized brothers in the towns far away. They knew Melio would never invite any more white men up here. This pleased the Parakanas. It meant that traders looking for robber and jewels would never reach them. Their Melio would see to that. They were safe with this man and his hatred.
36. It is known from the passage that Melio wanted the forest around him to become thick because the dense leaves __________.
A. reminded him of his house in the town far away
B. prevented the Parakanas from watching him
C. helped him to forget the world he hated
D. protected him from being intruded by the white men in the town
37. The Chief’s comparison of Melio to a snake is intended to show that __________.
A. he did not trust Melio
B. it was unwise to go too close to Melio
C. he believed Melio hated the Parakanas
D. he thought Melio was out of his mind
38. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Melio stayed on his farm for a number of years.
B. Melio felt like a prisoner because he couldn’t escape being watched.
C. Melio kept himself alive, during the rainy season by eating what he had in store.
D. The Parakanas thought Melio lived there because he was looking for rubber and jewels.
39. To Melio, the Parakana Indians seemed __________.
A. odd but hateful B. strange but attractive
C. unhealthy but friendly D. cowardly but sociable
40. It can be concluded from the passage that the place described by the author was __________.
A. far removed from civilization B. impossible to cultivate
C. the home of Melio’s Indian relatives D. wet all the year round

Passage 3

When he was so far out that he could look back not only on the little bay but past the stretch of rock that was between it and the seashore, he floated on the warm surface and looked for his mother. There she was, a little yellow dot under an umbrella that looked like a piece of orange-skin. He swam back to shore, relieved at being sure she was there, but all at once very lonely.

On the other side of the bay was a loose scattering of rocks. Above them, some boys were stripping off their clothes. They came running, their bodies bare, down to the rocks. Jerry swam towards them, and kept his distance a little way off. They were off that coast, all of them burned smooth dark brown, and speaking a language he did not understand. To be with them, of them, was a feeling that filled his whole body. He swam a little closer; they turned and watched him with narrowed, attentive dark eyes. Then one smiled and waved. It was enough. In a minute he had swum in and was on the rocks beside them, smiling with extreme nervousness. They shouted cheerful greetings at him, and then, as he preserved his nervous, puzzled smile, they understood that he was a foreigner who had wandered from his own part of the sands, and they promptly forgot him. But he was happy. He was with them.

They began diving again and again from a high point into a well of blue sea between rough, pointed rocks. After they had dived and come up, they swam round, pulled themselves up, and waited their turn to dive again. They were big boys-men to Jerry. He dived, and they watched him, and when he swam round to take his place, they made way for him. He felt he was accepted and he dived again carefully proud of himself.
Soon the biggest of the boys balanced himself, shot down into the water, and did not come up. The others stood about watching. Jerry, after waiting for the smooth brown head to appear, let out a cry of warning; they looked at him idly and turned their eyes back towards the water. After a long time, the boy came up on the other side of a big dark rock, letting the air escape suddenly from his lungs with much coughing and spitting, and giving a shout of satisfaction, immediately, the rest of them dived in. One moment the morning seemed full of boys as noisy as a crowd of monkeys; the next, the air and the surface of the water were empty. But through the heavy blue, dark shapes could be seen moving and searching.

Jerry dived, shot past the school of underwater swimmers, saw a black wall of rock towering over him, touched it, and shop up at once to the surface, where the rock formed a low wall he could see across. There was no one in sight; under him, in the water, the shadowy shapes of the swimmers had disappeared. Then one and then another of the boys came up on the far side of the wall of rock, and he understood that they had swum through some gap or hole in it. He dived down again. He could see nothing through the stinging salt water but the solid rock. When he came up, the boys were all on the diving rock, preparing to attempt the trick again. And now, overcome with a sense of failure, he shouted up in English: “Look at me! Look!” and he began splashing and kicking in the water like a foolish dog.
41. It can be concluded from the passage that __________.
A. Jerry was not a good swimmer
B. Jerry failed to gain acceptance by the other boys
C. Jerry was on holiday abroad
D. Jerry was not on good terms with his mother
42. The word “bare” in Paragraph 2 means__________.
A. in disguise B. in the limelight C. in the gutter D. in the raw
43. At the beginning, Jerry was swimming__________.
A. into the little bay B. too far out to see his mother
C. near to the group of boys D. further out to see than the rock
44. What happened to the biggest boy?
A. He had been trying to stay under water as long as possible.
B. He had swum through a hole in the rock under the water.
C. He had been trying to do the highest dive.
D. He had played a trick on Jerry.
45. Jerry splashed and kicked in the water because_________.
A. he was pretending to be drowning
B. he wanted to amuse all the other boys
C. he hadn’t been able to do what the other boys had done
D. he wanted the other boys to listen to what he was saying

Passage 4

Peter Sellers wouldn’t be allowed his career today. All those funny racial stereotypes—the caricatured frogs, wops, yids and goodness-gracious-me Pakis—are in clear breach of the codes of political correctness.
His lewd disguises and overdone accents belong with black-and-white minstrel shows and clog-dancing—it’s the comedy of yesteryear.
Have you tried listening to The Goon Show lately? It is a reworking of The Gang Show, excruciatingly bad and dated, and full of explosions, gunfire and jokes about Hitler and the War.

Nonetheless, Sellers continue to obsess people. He’s already been the subject of biographies galore, including, back in 1994, a 1,200-page magnum opus by myself, which is now being turned into a biopic starring Geoffrey Rush.

The appeal lies in the mythic dimensions of Sellers’ story. He had everything and it wasn’t enough. He was a comedian with a tragic inability to enjoy life. He was world-famous and desperately lonely. At the weight of his fame, as Inspector Clouseau, his eccentricity tipped over the edge into genuine insanity. He was a basket case.

This is irresistible material. Sellers’ subversive and immoderate behaviour puts him in a class of his own. Picture my disappointment with Ed Sikov’s tome, therefore. Here’s a thick book that tells us nothing new.

For newcomers to Sellers, however, Mr. Strangelove is a perfect digest of the man’s life and work, briskly told. Sellers was descended from a family of bare-knuckle East End prize-fighters, although his parents were music hall entertainers. His clinging whining mother, Peg, was a quick-change artiste and his father, Bill, was a ukulele player and soft-shoe-shuffle merchant.

The young Peter was raised in the ghostly, twilight world of shabby theatres and end-of-the-pier revues: dog acts, acrobatic midgets, incompetent conjurors and gypsy violinists. To go from these origins and become as big as The Beatles, as he was in the Sixties, is an amazing feat.

Sellers spent the Second World War in the Air Force, impersonating officers and playing the drums to entertain the troops. When he was demobbed he worked in holiday camps and began getting spots on radio, culminating in The Goon Show. He dubbed the voices of Churchill and Humphrey Bogart on film soundtracks, and it was while hanging about the studios that he was offered walk-on roles.

His breakthrough came with the part of a teddy boy in The Ladykillers, a film that improves with each viewing. This led to the role of Fred Kite, the shaven-headed, belligerent shop steward in I’m All Right, Jack which won him a British Academy Best Actor statuette. When Peter Ustinov dropped out of The Pink Panther on a Friday, Sellers flew to the set in Rome on Monday to replace him. The rest is history.

Or notoriety. Sellers’ descent into madness was swift. He got rid of his wife and children and chased after Britt Ekland, whom he pounced on in The Dorchester and married ten days later. He took drugs to enhance his potency, and this precipitated a heart attack. Having worked on Dr Strangelove during the day, each evening he locked himself in the bathroom and threatened to commit suicide. Bryan Forbes and Nanette Newman had to come over and talk to him trough the door. He then decided he wanted to marry Nanette. He also wanted to marry Sophia Loren, Princess Margaret and Liza Minnelli.

His misbehavior and unprofessionalism cost film studios millions of dollars. Sets had to be repainted and costumes remade if they were purple or green-colors of which he was morbidly superstitious.

He enjoyed messing about during filming and blowing his lines; he pulled guns on people. He walked off Casino Royale and was discovered in Britt Ekland’s mother’s house in Sweden. Meanwhile, Orson Welles and the rest of the cast were in full make-up and on full pay back at Pinewood, waiting for him to reappear.

Sellers was happy only in the company of his gadgets, cameras and fast cars, which he’d replace or abandon with manic frequency. At one of his weddings, the maids of honor were the bride’s dogs. He was also selfish in the extreme: when his relationships broke up, he’d send his henchmen round to retrieve his gifts.
46. People are still obsessed with Peter Sellers because___________.
A. he was a genius B. he was as big as The Beatles
C. his life was full of drama and contradiction D. he led a very austere life
47. By saying “He was a basket case”, the author means that Peter Sellers was___________.
A. handicapped B. deranged C. impetuous D. callous
48. According to the passage, Peter Sellers took drugs to improve___________.
A. his theatrical performance B. his breathtaking performance
C. his walk-on roles on the stage D. his performance sexually
49. The “galore” in paragraph 4 means ___________.
A. numerous B. anecdotal C. critical D. unauthorized
50. Peter Sellers can be described as__________.
A. unpredictable but generous B. talented but unstable
C. sane but selfish D. eccentric but reliable

Part Ⅲ
Cloze (10%)
Directions: Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage. Write your answer on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.

One of the major differences between man and his closest living relative is, of course, that the chimpanzee has not developed the power of speech. Even the most intensive efforts to teach young chimps to talk have met with ____51___ no success. Verbal language represents a truly gigantic step forward in man’s ___52___.

Chimpanzees do have a wide range of calls, and these certainly serve to convey some types of information. When a chimp finds good food he utters loud barks; other chimps ___53___the vicinity instantly become aware of the food source and hurry to join in. An attacked chimpanzee screams and this may alert his mother or a friend, either of ___54___may hurry to his aid. A chimpanzee confronted with an alarming and potentially dangerous situation utters his spine-chilling wraaaa-again, other chimps may hurry to the spot to see what is happening. A male chimpanzee, about to enter a valley or charge toward a food source, utters his pant-hoots and other individuals realize that another member of the group is arriving and can identify ___55___one. To our human ___56___each chimpanzee is characterized more by his pant-hoots than by any other type of call. This is significant since the pant-hoot in particular is the call that serves to maintain contact, between the separated groups of the community. Yet the chimps ___57___can certainly recognize individuals by other calls; for instance a mother knows the scream of her offspring. Probably a chimpanzee can recognize the calls of most of his acquaintances.

While chimpanzee calls ___58___serve to convey basic information about some situations and individuals, they cannot for the most part be compared ___59___ a spoken language. Man by means of words can communicate abstract ideas; he can benefit from the experiences of others ___60___having to be present at the time; he can make intelligent cooperative plans.

Part Ⅳ
Translation (20%)
Directions: Put the following passage into English.
人类是一个不断的自然的进化过程的产物，其中包括无数次的遗传转化：这一不可阻挡的过程自45亿年前地球形成以来一直未曾间断过。这一进化过程，受环境因素的影响，经过随机突变，形成了更具适应性的系统，从而保证了其连续性。在动物世界，这导致了更高级物种的进化，并在人类身上达到了极致，因为人类已经获得了创新思维的能力。我认为这标志着进化进入了一个非常重要的阶段，使一个物种首次有能力掌握了自身命运。
创新思维能力的获得大大加速了自然进化的进程。它导致了人类文明诸多方面的巨大进步，如在艺术、文学、医学、技术上，在属于人类智慧扩展前沿的科学上尤其如此。然而，正是科学的这些进步使人类获得了自我毁灭的能力，导致了消灭人类自身的工具的发展。

Part V
Writing (15%)
Directions: There is a picture below. Look at it carefully and write a composition of about 250 words based on what it conveys.

复旦大学2008年博士研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案与解析
Part I
Vocabulary and Structure (15%)
1.B
句意：虽然只是一个小买卖，但营业额却高的惊人。turn-over营业额。turn-up完全出人意料的结果。turn-about转向，倒转。turn-out聚集的人群，出席者，产量。
2.C
句意：不幸的是，并不是所有的人都能得到自己应得的。desert（常用复数）应得的赏或罚。demand要求，需求，要求物。gain（常用复数）收益，利润；利益（的增加）；报酬，奖金。win（常用复数）赢得物，收益。
3.A
句意：上个月我们有分歧的那份合同现在已通过了。go through（法律、方案等）被通过。go down被接受，受欢迎。go over（美国口语）大受欢迎，被接受。go around到处走动，传播。
4.D
句意：结果证明维护两套房子是如此巨大的经济负担，他们不得不卖掉一套。upkeep（建筑物、设备等的）维护，维修费。upsurge急剧上升。upshot结果，结局。upturn情况好转。
5.B
句意：在阁楼上搜寻一下，看能否找到什么东西到旧货市场上去卖。rummage翻找，搜寻。leash缚住，束缚。flutter摆动，烦扰。scrape刮，擦，削。jumble sale废旧杂货廉价拍卖。
6.C
句意：来一杯橘子汁解渴。quench使缓和，满足。quash取消。quell用武力平息，镇压；使平静，安静。quieten安静，抚慰。
7.D
句意：每当她看书的时候，孩子老是打扰她，所以她总是找不到自己读到哪个地方了。lose one’s place意为读书时“找不到读到哪儿”。
8.D
strap表带。belt腰带，带状物。string线，一串，字串。tie领带，鞋带，领结。
9.C
run褪色。flow流动，飘扬。escape逃跑，溜走。remove除去，迁移，开除。
10.A
sag（物价等的）下跌，经济萧条。tilt倾斜。droop（由于虚弱、疲乏或失去支持的）下垂，消沉。slump猛然落下，衰落。
11.B
flake使成片剥落。crumble破碎，崩溃，消失。disintegrate粉碎，分解，解体。splinter裂成碎片，分裂。
12.C
句意：虽然假币愚弄了许多人，但是他们经不起仔细的检查。stand up to经得住。put up to告知，指点。keep up不低落，维持继续。look up to尊敬，敬仰。
13.A
wake the dead震耳欲聋。
14.C
make out开出（支票，账单等）。make up构成，编造，补偿，化妆。make for有助于。make off离开，逃走。
15.A
curator（博物馆、美术馆、图书馆的）馆长。bursar（大学、寺院等的）财务主管。commissioner委员，行政长官。steward乘务员，（饭店、俱乐部等的）管理人。
16.B
acquit宣判（某人）无罪，无罪释放，指因缺乏充分的证据或未构成犯罪事实而免于对某人起诉或指控。absolve赦免，指依据法律程序免除有罪者的责任或惩罚。pardon赦免，免于治罪。execute处以极刑。
17.C
come into继承，获得，尤指遗产。come by得到，获得。come over过来，抓住。come through经历，脱险。
18.C
squalor肮脏，邋遢。decay腐烂，腐朽，衰退。contamination污染，玷污。confinement限制，监禁。
19.D
regain上涨（VOA经济报导中用语）。recover恢复，复原，痊愈。recuperate恢复健康，挽回损失。retrieve（打猎）找回猎物。
20.B
ingratiate oneself with sb.讨好某人。placate抚慰，使和解。remunerate给予报酬，赔偿。
21.C
在lest引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气should+动词原形，其中should可以省略。
22.D
recede退，后退。reverse颠倒，逆转，倒退。retire退休，撤退。return返回。
23.B
句意：教育政策都是历届政府官员临时制定的，这是师德低下的主要原因。on the hoof即兴的，临时凑成的，毫无准备的。
24.D
句意：他踉踉跄跄地沿着街道走来，很明显喝多了。stagger（因负重、虚弱、醉酒等）蹒跚，摇晃。hobble跛行，蹒跚。toddle（老人或小孩走路时）蹒跚。lope（人）迈着大步走。
25.C
句意：作为朋友，他很慷慨；但作为商人，却很苛刻。drive a hard bargain（在某事上极力讨价还价），坚持苛刻的条件。
26.B
station驻扎，派驻。place放置，安置。deport驱逐，流放。exorcize驱逐，去除（坏念头等）。
27.A
句意：在煤矿区，土地易于下陷，给道路和建筑带来损坏。subside下陷。diminish减少，变小。confiscate没收，征用。cede放弃（权利），割让，移交。
28.A
句意：当猫卧着睡着了做着梦的时候，它的胡须在抽动。twitch抽动。twist扭曲，扭动。jerk颠簸，抽搐，猛推。jog颠簸着移动，慢跑。
29.C
上个月慈善舞会的收入远远超过了我们的期待。proceeds（从事某种买卖、贸易等的）收入。acquisitions获得，所获之物。earnings工资，报酬。subsidy补助金，津贴。
30.D
句意：虽然新上任的经理有很多困难要克服，但是他却轻易地应付了。take sth. in one’s stride轻而易举地解决某事，从容处理。tackle应付（难事等）。overlook忽略，监督。obtain获得，得到。
Part II
Reading Comprehension (40%)

(1)
31.B
第二段倒数第二句The manufacturer of the brand that has been ‘cut’ fears that…because he feels that he is being ‘done’。制造商害怕零售商降低对减价商品提供的服务，即使这种情况不会发生，也存在另一风险：顾客将变的犹豫不决，不乐意为商品支付正常的价格，因为总感觉自己买贵了。文章并未提及选项A。选项C指出，当价格变化时，顾客可能感到不安。选项D指出，这有时候会导致劣质的服务，但这不是主要原因。
32.A
根据文章最后一段最后一句可知，效率高的商人可以通过提供更好的服务，包括长期信用证…。
33.D
由文章第二段倒数第二句可知，因为零售商有时候会减价，所以顾客不愿意支付正常的价格，担心买贵或上当受骗。despise轻视，蔑视。maltreat虐待。blackmail向…敲诈，威胁。
34.D
根据倒数第二段最后一句，这里指出无法确定有多少家庭主妇喜欢购买固定价格的商品，又有多少家庭主妇喜欢一家一家地寻找最低价格，所以选项D的说法片面。
35.C
know one’s place知道自己的地位。know one’s stuff精通自己的业务。intoxicated喝醉的，极其兴奋的。这里说的是，因为价格都是固定的，所以家庭主妇省去了一家一家比较价格的麻烦，这样购买某件商品时就不会有担心买贵的忧虑。

(2)
36.C
从文章第一段第三句The greener it became the easier it was to forget the outside森林越茂密，他就越容易忘记外面的世界，可见答案为选项C。选项A正好与Melio的意图相反。选项D文章并未提及，只在结尾处提到Melio从不邀请白人去他那儿。
37.B
文章第二段第二句提到the Chief never looked closely at Melio，所以答案为选项B。文中并未提及他不信任Melio，以及他认为Melio讨厌Parakanas，他以为Melio精神错乱。
38.D
文章最后一段第四句提到traders looking for robber and jewels would never reach them，并没有提及Melio寻找rubber和jewels。选项A参见第二段的倒数第二句。选项B参见第三段的第二句。选项C参见第二段的倒数第一句。
39.B
从文章第三段倒数第二句they had a curious but charming…，可知答案为选项B。文中并没有提到他们是可恨的、不健康的或是胆小的。
40.A
文章第二段结尾提到Melio的土地成了一个农场，他还种植了玉米，所以选项B错误。另外文章并没有提及Melio的印度亲戚，那些人只是他的邻居。根据文章第二段结尾his corn and salted fish was enough to keep him stocked up through the wet season，我们可以看出这个地方不是终年潮湿。

(3)
41.B
从后面跳水时那些男孩跟他搞恶作剧可以看出他们并没有接受他，所以答案为选项B。选项A，文章开始提到他游到了足够远的地方，可见他游泳并不差。文中并未提及Jerry在度假以及他与母亲之间的关系。
42.D
第二段第二句some boys were stripping off their clothes一些男孩脱了衣服，说明他们是裸体的，所以答案为选项D，in the raw处于自然状态的，裸体的。in disguise伪装，乔装。in the gutter醉倒在水沟里，沉溺于淫秽生活中，名誉扫地。in the limelight处于显要地位。
43.D
文章开头提到When he was so far out that he could look back not only on the little bay“当他游到足够远的地方，回头望时不仅看到了那小小的海湾，而不是他游向小海湾”，所以选项A错误。第一段同样提到he floated on the warm surface and looked for his mother. There she was…可见他还是可以看到他的母亲，只是很小很小而已，从而排除选项B。第二段开头提到On the other side of the bay…some boys were stripping off their clothes那群男孩在海湾的另一边，可以排除选项C。
44.B
文章最后一段中间部分提到and he understood that they had swum through some gap or hole in it“他明白了他们是从一个沟或洞里游过去的”。
45.B
通过文章内容可知，Jerry很想融入到那群小男孩之中，在被戏弄之后，最后一段结尾部分提到Jerry overcome with a sense of failure“他沉浸在失败的惶恐之中”，然后“他开始在水中连拍带踢，就像一条笨狗一样”，由此我们推断Jerry这样做是为了取悦于那群孩子，引起他们的注意，故B项为正确答案。

(4)
46.C
文章第五段第一句The appeal lies in the mythic dimensions of Sellers’ story.魅力就在于Sellers的故事童话般的维度。选项B在第六段的结尾提到过，但这不是人们仍然着迷于Peter的原因。虽然文章后面提到他的生长环境，他的成就十分惊人，但并没有说这是今天人们仍然迷恋他的原因。文章倒数第三段一开始提到his misbehavior品行不端，所以可以排除选项D。
47.B
文中该句前面提到his eccentricity tipped over the edge into genuine insanity他的古怪使他精神错乱了。deranged疯狂的，精神错乱的。handicapped残疾的。impetuous鲁莽的。callous无情的，坚硬的。
48.D
文章倒数第四段提到He took drugs to enhance his potency，potency（男子的）性交能力。
49.A
文中第四段提到人们仍然很为Sellers所着迷。他已经成了自传的题材，早在1994年，就已包括1200页的杰作。numerous为数众多的。anecdotal轶事的，趣闻的。critical决定性的，挑剔的。unauthorized未经授权的。
50.B
文章最后一段结尾处提到，一段关系结束之后，他会派心腹去索要礼物，可以看出他并不慷慨，所以可以排除选项A。第五段结尾处提到他精神错乱genuine insanity，可以排除选项C。倒数第四段提到他抛妻弃子，追随其他女人，并且不止一个，可以看出他不是一个可靠的人，从而排除选项D。

Paper Two

Part Ⅲ
Cloze (10%)
51.almost
这里需要一个表示程度的副词。一些科学家曾成功地训练黑猩猩使用复杂的手势或辅助工具交流信息，但无论怎样训练，这些人类的远亲始终只能发出少数单词的音，可见并不是完全不成功。
52.evolution
进化。语言在人类的进化过程中是一个巨大的进步。
53.in
in the vicinity在附近。当一只猩猩找到食物时，它会大叫，附近的其他猩猩马上就会意识到有食物而加入它。
54.whom
whom引导非限制性定语从句，这里指它的母亲或朋友，其中之一很快会去帮助它。
55.which
当一个雄猩猩要进入一个峡谷或迈向某个食物来源时，它会发出一种声音，其它个体就会意识到群体的另一个成员也来了，并能辨别出是哪个成员。
56.ears
这里提到的都是猩猩发出的声音，因而是针对人类的耳朵说的。
57.themselves
猩猩它们自己当然可以通过其他呼声辨别出单个个体。
58.do
这里do起了强调的作用，虽然猩猩的呼声的确可以传递基本的信息，绝大多数情况下它们都不能跟口语相提并论。
59.to
be compared to比作。
60.without
前面提到人类可以用语言传递抽象的思想观念，可以在别人不在场的时候受益于他的经历。
Part Ⅳ
Translation (20%)
Mankind is a product of constant and natural evolutionary processes including innumerable genetic transformations. This irresistible process has never stopped since the Earth was formed 4.5 billion years ago. Subjected to the influence of the environmental factors, this evolutionary process has become a more adaptable system through random mutations and consequently guarantees its continuity. In the animal world, this has brought about the evolution of the more advanced species and reached the acme in the human being because mankind has acquired the ability of originative thinking. I think this marks that evolution has stepped into a crucial phase in which a species is capable of mastering his own destiny for the first time.
The acquisition of the ability of originative thinking has tremendously expedited the courses of natural evolution. It has given rise to the great progress in many aspects of human civilization such as art, literature, medicine and technology, in particular in the science of human wisdom widening front. However, it is exactly those progresses that make mankind acquire the ability of self-destruction, leading to the development of tools killing mankind.
Part V
Writing (15%)

Which is heavier, 59 points or 99 points?

Holding the paper of 99 points in her hand, the woman wears an angry expression and almost flares up. On the contrary, when the man finds that his child obtains 59 points, instead of being extremely irritated; his face is wreathed in smiles, displaying gratification and satisfaction. Anyhow, it is only one point to passing the examination. However, it seems that 99 points carries less weight in the woman’s heart than 59 points in the man’s. This picture reflects two completely different ways of envisioning things: the former is very insatiable and pessimistic, while the latter is content and optimistic.
We can see this kind of phenomenon exists in our life. Although the proverb “content is better than riches” is discussed and advocated frequently, many of us are just unable to do so. When they acquire 99 points, they want the full mark. To them, 99 points is still imperfect. As a result, they are always not pleased because nothing is enough in their mind and there are always numerous things to pursue. However, there exist also those easy to satisfy. Even if what they receive is less than what other people get, they seem happier. It is because they know they should be content with their lot in an appropriate way.
On the one hand, we should not always be content with our current situation and take things as they come, in which case we may get too easy to be satisfied and have no yearning and ambition at all. On the other hand, we should properly master the time and the extent for us to be satisfied. It is unwise to be dissatisfied with everything we get. Otherwise, we will always be far away from happiness. Since it is impossible for us to get all, we might as well learn to appreciate what we already have and strive for what we desire in a delightful mood.

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