[ post][/post]北京2006年考博英语辅导班翻译笔记 RY8Ot2DWi
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考博翻译1(倒装和分割结构)
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倒装和分割结构 cT8b$P5w
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为了强调句子的某些部分,或是为了保持句子平衡,英语中常常使用倒装。大体说来,倒装可以分为主谓倒装和非主谓倒装。主谓倒装里又分为完全倒装和部分倒装。在翻译的时候,既可以按照主谓语的顺序翻译,也可以按照字面意思翻译。非主谓倒装只是将强调部分前置,以保持句子平衡或是起强调作用。翻译时可以采用顺序译法或是倒序译法。 ^Rgm3?7
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1. For example, they do not compensate for social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. <Q-Y$
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分析:本句中had he grown up under more favorable circumstances 属于部分倒装。正常语序为:if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances。在正式文体中,可以将虚拟条件句中的if 省略,并将助动词提前。 IU
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译文:例如,它们(指测试)并不弥补社会的不公,因此不能说明一个贫困青年,要是在比较有利的境况下长大,会有多大才干。 ROWb:tX}
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2. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday’s “baby boom” generation reached its child-bearing years. r9),F.6,
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分析:该句中so did bigger crops of babies 属于语法倒装。用so 来代替前述肯定句谓语部分所说情况。 %/b3G*$W
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译文:不间断的移民浪潮也起了作用——而且随着昔日在“生育高峰期”出生的一代人达到生育年龄,婴儿的出生数量增加了,这同样起了作用。 f-w-K)y$ht
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3. Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whatever the job. 'qhi
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分析:该句的Much as I have traveled是一个由as 引导的让步状语从句。相当于though I have traveled much,但语气要比后者强。这种结构要求部分倒装。 ||M;[-JoJ
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译文:我虽然见多识广,但还从未见过比她细心的人,不管什么职业。 C
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4. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar can you write correctly. v)^8e0vx
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分析:相信大家对这种结构都不陌生。Only后加副词、介词、状语从句时要用部分倒装。但是要注意的是,如果only修饰的不是状语,则不用倒装。 nnv&